人教版初中中考复习英语语法精讲不定式的基本形式与用法 5页

人教版初中冲刺中考英语语法精讲:不定式的基本形式与用法不定式得基本形式与构造动词不定式指平日由to加上动词实情(如towrite)所组成得一种非限制性动词形式，但在有些情形下to可以省略。动词不定式有举行体和完成体(如上tobewriting，tohavewritten)，也有主动态(如tobewritten)，所有得主动词，不论是及物动词仍是不及物动词，也不论是举措动词仍是状况动词，都有不定式形式。助动词除be和have外，没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功用上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。不定式得用法1.TegetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwanmadehimextremelyhappysincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago．2.Tofinishthattaskinsuchashorttimeisreallyachallenge．在上述情形下，若是不定式较长，显得头重足轻，则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词庖代)，而将不定式放到后面。如：1.ItmadehimextremelyhappytogetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwansincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago．2.Johnadmittedthatitisalwaysdifficultforhimtobeontime．不定式构造所示意得举措是谁做得，即不定式得逻辑主语，平日可以通过forsb.todosth.构造表达：1.Itisquiteimportantforustoreadgoodbooksduringageneral review．1.Itisnotdifficultfotthosetalentedstudentstopasstheexam.在某些形容词(如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of来指导向导出其逻辑主语：1.Itisverykindofyoutotellmethetruth．2.Itisstupidofhimtodosuchasillything．2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后干脆跟带to得不定式，别得一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to得不定式。只能跟动词不定式得动词，常见得有:afford，agree，aim，appear，ask，believe，care，claim，decidedemand，desire，determine，expect，fail，happen，hesitate，hope，intend，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，prepare，refuse，seek，swear，undertake，want，wish等。1.Hemanagedtosolvethecomplicatedproblem.2.Thestrangerofferedtoshowmetheway.3.Mr.SmithundertooktobuildanewplantinSouthAfrica.动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式：这类动词常见得有advise，decide，findout，forget，inquire，know，learn，see，regard初中英语语法归纳，remember，teach，tell，understand，wonder等。常见得疑问代(副)词有:what，when，where，which，how，whether等。1.Hedoesnotknowwhentostart. 2.Youcandecidewhethertocontinueortostop.3.Iwillshowyouhowtodealwithit.有时，不定式可由it庖代，而把不定式放到后面往。这可以用这一构造表达：动词(如find，think，consider，feel等)+it+形容词+不定式。1.Sheconsidersitnecessarytomakefriendswithhim.2.Wefinditdifficulttofinishallthehomeworkbefore9o’clock.（3)不定式做表语一种情形为主语是不定式(示意前提)；表语也是不定式(示意效果)：1.Toseeistobelieve.2.Toworkmeanstoearnaliving．别得一种情形为主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等名词为中央得短语，或以what 指导向导得名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起增补申明作用；例如：1.Hisaimistostudyabroadinthenearfuture．2.Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemabouttheprice．3.WhatIwanttosayistoforgetalltheunhappyexperience．4)不定式作定语不定式构做作名词词组润饰语重要有三品种型：第一种，被润饰得名词词组是不定式得逻辑宾语。例如：1.Therewasreallynothingtofear． 1.Hegavemeaninterestingbooktoread．若是不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加响应得介词。例如：1.Maryneedsafriendtoplaywith．2.Thatgirlhasnothingtoworryabout．3.Theyhaveastrictteachertolistento．4.Althoughthefilmhadbeenonfortenminutes，Istillwasnotabletofindachairtositon．第二种，被润饰得名词词组是不定式得逻辑主语；例如：1.Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?2.Theactiontobetakeniscorrect．3.Thereisnothingtobegainedbypretending．第三种，被润饰得名词词组是不定式得同位构造。这类名词平日是示意妄想、起劲、倾向、目得、愿远望、is算、才能、意向等意义得名词：ability，attempt，effort，impulse，inclination，wish等。例如：1.Herdaughterwillmakeanevenbiggerefforttopleaseher．2.Ihavenowishtoquarrelwithyou．3.NeitherofthemhadanyinclinationtodobusinesswithMary.5)不定式作状语不定式构造在句中作状语平日都能转换为限制性状语从句。例如作原因状语：1.Theyarequitesurprisedtoseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea． 1.Theyarequitesurprisedbecausetheyseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea．2.Hewasluckytoarrivebeforedark．3.Hewasluckybecausehearrivedbeforedark．作目得状语：1.Sheraisedhervoicetobehearedbetter．2.Sheraisedhervoicesothatshecouldheardbetter．3.WewentviaHeidelbergtomissthetrafficjam．4.WewentviaHeidelbergsothatwecouldmissthetrafficjam．作效果状语：1.TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullyastodefeattheBrazilians．2.TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullythattheyevendefeatedtheBrazilians．3.Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone．4.Hegottothestationandwastoldthatthetrainhadgone．