高中英语语法专题讲解虚拟语气 人教版 教案 5页

2006年吉林省高中英语语法专题讲解虚拟语气虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood1).概念v虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测,建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。2).在条件句中的应用 　条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。一、虚拟条件句条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：If主语＋动词过去式/were，主语＋would（could,should,或might）＋动词原形，例如：vIfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.vIfitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋would（could,should,或might）＋have＋过去分词，如：vIfthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.vIfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：If主语+动词过去式/should+动词原形/weretodo，主语＋would（could…）＋动词原形，例如：vIfitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.vIfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.vIfyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.注：虚拟条件句中如果含有were,should或had(助动词),可将were,should或had提前，把if去掉，实行倒装。但要注意，在这种情况下句首不用动词的缩略形式。如我们可以说Were Inottodo,而不能说Weren’tItogo.二、动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.用wish表示对现在情况的虚拟，其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语如果是系动词一律用were，如果是实义动词就用过去式。如：vIwishtheywereathomethistime.vIwishIwereabird.2．用wish表示对过去事情的虚拟。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，例：vIwishIhadn’thurthimsomuch。有时对过去进行虚拟也可在宾语从句中采用would/couldhavedone的结构。vIwishIwouldhaveseenherlastnight.3．用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语为would+动词原形,有时也用could/might+动词原形。例：vIwishIwouldbeabletocometomorrow.三、asif(though)的虚拟1.对现在进行虚拟动词过去式/were2.对将来进行虚拟would+动词原形3.对过去进行虚拟had+过去分词主句+asif+主语+(asthough)例如：1.Shealwaystalkstomeasifsheweremysister.2.Hewalksslowlyasifhehadhurthisleg.3.Shetalksaboutitagainandagainasthoughshewouldneverend.四、Wouldrather的虚拟语气1.wouldrather+主语+动词过去式表示对现在和将来情况的虚拟2.wouldrather+主语+haddone表示对过去情况的虚拟vIwouldratherwedidn’tgotoseeafilmthisevening.vI’dratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.五、Itis(high/about)timethat... 在该句子中我们使用两种形式的虚拟结构即：动词过去式或should+动词原形，如果用后者则should通常不省略。vItistimethatwewenthome.vItistimethattheboyshouldgotoschool.六、Ifonly…的虚拟结构Ifonly+句子1.对现在进行虚拟动词的过去式/were2.对将来进行虚拟would+动词原形3.对过去进行虚拟had+过去分词例如：vIfonlyhewerehere!vIfonlyIhadnotbeenilllastweek!vIfonlyIhadmoremoney!vIfonlyitwouldraintomorrow!七、坚持、决定、要求、命令等词的虚拟形式（即坚、决、要、命形虚拟）vinsist,suggest,advise,recommend,vdecide,vask,demand,require,urgevorder,command在以上这些动词后的宾语从句中应该使用should+动词原形的结构进行虚拟，should可以省略。vShesuggestedwe(should)leaveearly.vTheteacherinsistedthatthestudents(should)haveatest.vShedecidedthatshe(should)notgo.vTheteachercommandedthathe(should)leavetheclassroom.注意以下这些形式：vthesuggestion/proposal/order/advicethat…(should)do vThissuggestionisthat…(should)dovItisdemanded/suggested/ordered/requiredthat…(should)dovItisnecessary/important/natural/strange/amazing/surprisingthat…(should)(但表示惊讶，翻译成“竟然”时一般不省略)do请辨析：vThewhitelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasill.vTheteachersuggestedthathestarttopracticelistening.vHeinsistedthathehadnotseenthewallet.vHeinsistedthathenotstayhere.八、suppose;butfor;otherwise;without等词也可以表示虚拟语气。e.g.Thegovernmentissuedanewpolicytohelpthejobless,otherwisetheywouldhavesuffered.WithoutthehelpoftensofthousandsofPLAsoldiers,manyareaswouldnothavebeensavedfromfloodingin1998.随堂训练：1、Ifmylawyer_____________herelastSaturday,he____________mefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,wouldpreventD.were,wouldhaveprevent2、——“Heisabraveman.”——“Yes,IwishI____________hiscourage.”A．haveB．hadC．willhaveD．mayhave3、Ifit____________rain,thecropswouldbesaved.A．shouldB．willC．isgoingtoD．wasto4、Heorderedthatthemedicine_____________byaspecialplane.A．wassentB．wouldbesentC．shouldsendD．besent5、Ifyou_____________themedicine,you____________betternow.A.took,wouldfeelB.hadtaken,felt C.hadtaken,wouldfeelD.took,wouldhavefelt6、Sheismysister,butsheoftenactsasifshe____________mymother.A．isB．wasC．wereD．hadbeen7、Iwenttobedearlylastnight,butIwishI_____________so.A．didn’tdoB．hadn’tdoneC．haven’tdoneD．couldn’tdo8、I’dratherhe______________tomorrowafternoon.A．willcomeB．comesC．comingD．cameKEYS:ABADCCBD