中考英语语法专题 被动语态讲解练习(无答案) 试题 8页

被动语态一、语态：是动词的一种形式，用于说明主语与谓语之间的关系。①英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。②主动语态表示：主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示：主语是动作的承受者。③只有及物动词才有被动语态。④被动语态谓语动词的结构为：bedone（过去分词）。⑤汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。二、八大时态的主动语态和被动语态对照：主动语态被动语态助动词一般现在时do/doesam/is/aredoneam/is/are一般过去时didwas/weredonewas/were一般将来时willdoam/is/aregoingtodowillbedoneam/is/aregoingtobedonewillam/is/are过去将来时woulddowas/weregoingtodowouldbedonewas/weregoingtobedonewouldwas/were现在进行时am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdoneam/is/are过去进行时wasweredoingwas/werebeingdonewas/were现在完成时have/hasdonehave/hasbeendonehave/has过去完成时haddonehadbeendonehad情态动词can/may/mustdocan/may/mustbedonecan/may/must三、用法1、一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/aredone）Childrenlovethesesongs.主谓宾Thesesongsarelovedbychildren.主谓状Janelooksafterthecat.主谓宾ThecatislookedafterbyJane.主谓状注：主动语态的宾语→被动语态的主语只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态；不及物动词（组）没有宾语，即没有被动语态。主动语态的主语在被动语态中，前面需加by—“被”。2、主动变被动的几个重点（1）短语动词短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可丢掉介词或副词。Peoplespeaktooldmenpolitelyhere.这里的人们对老人讲话有礼貌。 →Oldmenarespokentopolitelyherebypeople.（2）带双宾语的动词带双宾语的动词变被动语态时有两种方式，可分别将间接宾语和直接宾语转化为被动语态的主语。WeoftengivehimanicepresentatChristmas.→HeisoftengivenanicepresentatChristmasbyus.→AnicepresentisoftengiventohimatChristmasbyus.（3）带复合宾语的动词宾语加宾补构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，把宾语变主语，原来的宾语补足语成为被动语态的主语补足语。TheteachercallshimPeter.→HeiscalledPeterbytheteacher.感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等及使役动词let,make,have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补，在变为被动语态时，应加上不定式符号to。Hemakesthegirlstayathome.→Thegirlismadetostayathomebyhim.（4）表达情感的动词如：interest(使感兴趣)，worry(使烦忧)，surprise(使惊讶)，tire(使疲劳)，bore(使无聊)，move(使感动)等，可用被动形式。Healwayssurprisesus.→Wearealwayssurprisedbyhim.练习（一）将主动语态改为被动语态1.Weallloveourmotherlanddeeply._____________________________________________________2.Thisfactorymakesmobilephones._____________________________________________________3.Myparentsdon’tallowmetosmoke._____________________________________________________4.Theyoftenhearhersingsongsafterclass._____________________________________________________5.Mymotheralwaysmakesmeacakeonmybirthday._____________________________________________________6.Doyougrowriceinthesouth?_____________________________________________________ 7.Thepolicemanmakestheyoungmanmovehiscar._____________________________________________________8.WhydotheycallhimMr.Know-all?_____________________________________________________9.Mostgirlsdon’tlikefootball._____________________________________________________（二）单项选择1.—Canyoutellmehowtomakeapplejuice?—Sure.Pleasewatchcarefullyandyouwillseehowit______.A.ismadeB.ismakingC.makesD.willmake2.—Whatacleanandbrightclassroom,isn’tit?—Yes,it’salwayscleanandbrightbecauseit______everyday.A.cleansB.cleanedC.iscleanedD.wascleaned3.—Whatabeautifulfactory!—Well,workers______verymuchhere.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed4.—Howoften______yourschoolsportsmeeting______?—Everytwoyears.A.were;heldB.are;heldC.washeldD.is;held5.WelearnhowtosurftheInternetbecauseit______widely______intheworld.A.is;usedB.is;usingC.does;useD.was;used6.English______inmanycountries,butChinese______theirownlanguage.A.isspoken;speaksB.speaks;isspokenC.isspoken;speakD.isspoken;isspoken（三）用所给词的适当形式填空1.Parents______________（respect）byChinesepeople.2.Shakespeare’sgreatestplay______________（call）Hamlet.3.Iamlookingforaman______________（name）Tom. 4.Lunyu______________（think）tobeoneofthegreatestChinesebooks.5.Bettyisoftenseen______________（help）theoldmanwithhishousework.6.TheGreatWall______________（know）allovertheworld.7.Neitherofthem______________（make）inChina.8.He______________（make）______________（work）overtwelvehoursadaybytheboss.9.Thiskindofshoes______________（sell）well.10.Thepen______________（write）well.3、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态（was/weredone;willbedone;am/is/aregoingtobedone）WebeatClassTwolasttime.→ClassTwowasbeatenbyuslasttime.PeoplewillaskLiuXiangtoappearinfilms.→LiuXiangwillbeaskedtoappearinfilms.Thefloorwillbesweptsoon.地不久就会扫的。Thekniveswillbesharpenedsoon.到不久就会磨的。练习（一）将主动语态改为被动语态1.Webuiltthebridgethreeyearsago._____________________________________________________2.Theywillpublishhisnewbooknextmonth._____________________________________________________3.Didtheybuildabridgeayearago?_____________________________________________________4.Wesawthemonkeyjumpoffthetree._____________________________________________________（二）将被动语态改为主动语态1.Theschoolsportsmeetingwon’tbeheldbythemnextweek._____________________________________________________2.Thestorywastoldtousbymygrandpa._____________________________________________________ 3.Whowasthebookwrittenby?_____________________________________________________4.Theyearbooksweretakenoutofthereadingroombysomebody._____________________________________________________（三）单项选择1.—Youare______onthephone,Tony.—Yes,mum,______.A.wanted;I’mcomingB.called;I’mcomingC.needed;I’llcomeD.asked;I’llcome2.—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.—I’msorry,butI______whentoleave.A.don’ttellB.didn’ttellC.wasn’ttold3.I______totakepartintheEnglishspeechcontestlastweek.A.askB.askedC.amaskedD.wasasked4.—Areyougoingtotheparty______atSmith’shomethisevening?—IwillifIamfree.A.holdingB.heldC.toholdD.tobeheld5.—Longtimenosee!—I’vejustreturned.I______toZhengzhouforameetinglastmonth.A.amsentB.wassentC.amsendingD.wassending6.Theplay______atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown7.—Who’sthelittlebabyinthephoto,Susan?—It’sme.Thisphoto______tenyearsago.A.takesB.istakenC.tookD.wastaken8.Bettyisoftenseen______theoldmanwithhishousework.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpedD.helps9.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildings______inourschoolinthenextterm. A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild10.—Whydidn’tyougotothepartylastnight?—BecauseI______.A.wasn’tinvitedB.didn’tinviteC.haven’tinvitedD.don’tinvited（四）用所给词的适当形式填空1.—Wheredidyougolastnight?—I______________（ask）togotoLiLei’2.Attheparty,you______________（introduce）tothepresidenttomorrow.3.Atalkonscience______________（give）inourschoolnextyear.4.Thechildren______________（teach）toswimlastmonth.5.Wealllikereadingthebooks______________（write）byChiLi.6.Therecorder______________（repair）yesterday.Itworkswellnow.4、现在完成时和情态动词的被动语态（have/hasbeendone;canbedone）Thebaskethasalreadybeenemptied.篮子已经被腾空了。Theyhavealreadybeeninvited.他们已被邀请。5、现在进行时的被动语态（am/is/arebeingdone）Thetreesarebeingcutdownnow.现在正有人在砍树。练习（一）句型转换1.Thepolicehavecaughtthethieves.（改为被动语态）_____________________________________________________2.Wecan’ttakebooksoutofthereadingroom.（改为被动语态）_____________________________________________________3.MayItakeaphotointhezoo?（改为被动语态）_____________________________________________________ 4.Howlonghavethecomputerbeenusedbyyou?（改为主动语态）_____________________________________________________5.Hasthebigtreebeencutdownbyhim?（改为主动语态）_____________________________________________________6.Alltheinformationhasbeenusedforwritingthearticle.（对画线部分提问）_____________________________________________________（二）用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Ithinkonedaybooksmay______________（replace代替）completely（完全地）.2.Papershouldnot______________（throw）away.3.Booksandothermaterials（材料）can______________（borrow）fromthelibrary.4.Thebox______________（fill）withshoesalready.5.Thesebooks______________（must,take）goodcareofbyus.（三）单项选择1.China’ssportsstarsYaoMingandLiuXiang______GoodwillAmbassadors（亲善大使）forShanghai.A.hasbeennamedB.havebeennamedC.hasnamedD.havenamed2.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheriver.A.can’tthrowB.mustn’tbethrownC.needn’tbethrownD.mustbethrown3.—Howbeautifulourhometownis!—Yes,treesandflowers______everywhere.A.canbeseenB.canseeC.beseenD.can’tsee4.—______yourhomework______?—Notyet.A.Has;finishB.Has;beenfinishedC.Did;finishD.Did;finished5.Thetickets______wellandhalfofthetickets______outbynow.A.sell;soldB.weresold;soldC.weresold;havesoldD.sell;have beensold