高中英语语法加练习大全 第4章 动词的语气 试题 5页

第4章动词的语气一.概念语气有三种:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人对劝词所示示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法.二.相关知识点精讲1.辨别if引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别Ifhehastime,hewillgowithus.=Probablyhehastimeandwillgowithus.Ifhehadtime,hewouldgowithus.=Butinfacthehasnotime.2.虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表if条件句中的谓与动词主句的谓与动词与现在的事实相反1.行为动词用did形式2.be动词用wereshouldwouldcould+动词原形might与过去的事实相反had+doneshouldwouldcould+have+donemight与将来的事实相反1.行为动词用did2.should+动词原形3.wereto+动词原形shouldwouldcould+动词原形might3.混合时间的虚拟语气如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。1)0IfIhadreceivedthepassportyesterday,Iwouldstarttoday. 2)Ifhehadtelephonedmelastnight,Iwouldseehimnow.3)Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbeallrightnow.4)IfChinahadnotbeenliberated,theworkingpeoplewouldstillbeleadingamiserablelife.4.should/could/might/oughtto+havedone表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”needn’thavedone表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”5.虚拟语气中的倒装句如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were,had,could,should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were,had,should,could之后。Hadyouinvitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.WereIyou,Iwoulddomorepracticeafterclass.Couldshelendusahelpinghand,shewoulddoso.6.wish后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气，表示“可惜…；….就好了；悔不该…；但愿…。”主句谓语从句谓语wish时态谓语动词的形式现在时表示与wish同时发生动词用过去时be动词用were过去时表示在wish之前发生的动作动词用haddonebe用hadbeen将来时表示在wish之后发生的动作动词用woulddo;shoulddobe用wouldbe;shouldbe1)IwishIknewthekeytotheanswer.2)IwishIweretenyearsyounger.3)IwishthatIhadgonetothefootballmatchlastweek. 4)Iwishthatyouhadbeenhereyesterday.5)Hewishesthatwewouldvisittheoldschool.7.表示命令或建议动词suggest,insist,propose,desire,demand,request,order,command后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟should+动词原形；should不可用would来替代;主句所使用的动词时态不限。8.suggest为“建议去做…;命令…”从句用should+do为“说明；暗示”,从句用过去时或过去完成时。1)ThedoctorsuggestedthatIshouldtakethemedicinethreetimesaday.2)Thedoctorsuggestedthatmygrandmotherhadcaughtabadcold.9.insist“坚持要去做…，坚持应该去做”，从句用should+do为“坚持表明，坚持说/解释”，从句用过去时或过去完成时。10.虚拟语气也用于表语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion,proposal,request,order,idea等。表语从句中的谓语动词是should+动词原型，should可以省略。11.在主语从句中，当从句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等，从句的谓语动词用需拟语气形式。其谓语动词时should+动词原型，或should省略。三.巩固练习1.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_________mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe2.IfI_____you,I’djointhearmy.A.amB.wasC.wereD.wouldbe3.Ifhe_______tomorrow,hewouldfindMrWangintheoffice.A.comesB.willcomeC.shouldcomeD.come4.Ifit_______nextweek,thecropswouldbesaved.A.rainsB.willrainsC.wouldrainD.shouldrain 5.IfI_______it,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.A.weretodoB.doC.haddoneD.wastodo6.Supposingtheweather________bad,wherewouldyougo?A.isB.willbeC.wereD.be7.Ifhehadworkedharder,he_________.A.wouldsucceedB.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceeded8.Ifhe________,he_________thatfood.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken9.Ifmylawyer_________herelastSaturday,he_______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented10.Ifhe______it,he_______it.A.hadseen;couldhavebelievedB.saw;couldn’tbelieveC.saw;couldn’thavebelievedD.hasseen;hadbelieved11.—Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthewindow?—No,ifhehad,Idon’tbelieve,_______brokentheliving-room’swindow.A.hewouldhaveB.hemusthaveC.hehadD.shouldhehave12.—DidyougoswimminglastSunday? —No.Wewouldhavegone______nicer.A.iftheweatherwas B.wouldtheweatherhavebeenC.hadtheweatherbeenD.shouldtheweatherbe13.______it______foryourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadeanyprogress.A.Had;notbeenB.Should;notbeenC.Did;notbeenD.Not;been14._______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldhaveleftB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves15.Itisorderedthatanewbridge______overthewideriver.A.shouldbebuiltB.wouldbuiltC.willbebuiltD.built四.答案1.D2.C3.C4.D5.A6.C7.D8.B9.A10.A11.D12.C13.A14.C15.A