英语语法专业术语 20页

英语语法专业术语语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类partofspeech单词word实词notionalword虚词structuralword名词noun专有名词propernoun普通名词commonnoun可数名词countablenoun不可数名词uncountableno抽象名词abstractnoun具体名词concretenoun物质名词materialnoun集体名词collectivenoun 个体名词individualnoun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词mainverb及物动词transitiveverb不及物动词intransitiveverb系动词linkverb助动词auxiliaryverb情态动词modalverb规则动词regularverb不规则动词irregularverb短语动词phrasalverb限定动词finiteverb非限定动词infiniteverb使役动词causativeverb感官动词verbofsenses动态动词eventverb静态动词stateverb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective方式副词adverbofmanner 副词adverb方式副词adverbofmanner 程度副词adverbofdegree时间副词adverboftime地点副词adverbofplace修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interrogativeadverb关系副词relativeadverb代词pronoun人称代词personalpronoun物主代词possessivepronoun反身代词reflexivepronoun相互代词reciprocalpronoun指示代词demonstrativepronoun疑问代词interrogativepronoun关系代词relativepronoun不定代词indefinite物主代词possessivepronoun名词性物主代词nominalpossessive形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossessivepronoun冠词article定冠词definitearticle 不定冠词indefinitearticle数词numeral 基数词cardinalnumeral序数词ordinalnumeral分数词fractionalnumeral形式form单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform限定动词finiteverbform非限定动词non-finiteverbform原形baseform从句clause从属句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause名词从句nominalclause定语从句attributiveclause状语从句adverbialclause宾语从句objectclause主语从句subjectclause同位语从句appositiveclause时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession 原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition句子sentence简单句simplesentence并列句compoundsentence复合句complexsentence并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence陈述句declarativesentence疑问句interrogativesentence一般疑问句generalquestion特殊疑问句specialquestion选择疑问句alternativequestion附加疑问句tagquestion反义疑问句disjunctivequestion修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion感叹疑问句exclamatoryquestion 存在句existentialsentence肯定句positivesentence否定句negativesentence祈使句imperativesentence省略句ellipticalsentence感叹句exclamatorysentence基本句型basicsentencepattern句子成分membersofsentences主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dualobject直接宾语directobject间接宾语indirectobject复合宾语complexobject同源宾语cognateobject补语complement主补subjectcomplement宾补objectcomplement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive 状语adverbial句法关系syntacticrelationship并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform规则形式regularform不规则形式irregularform格case普通格commoncase所有格possessivecase主格nominativecase宾格objectivecase性gender阳性masculine 阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person 第一人称firstperson第二人称secondperson第三人称thirdperson时态tense过去将来时pastfuturetense过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense过去将来完成时pastfutureperfecttense一般现在时presentsimpletense一般过去时pastsimpletense一般将来时futuresimpletense现在完成时pastperfecttense过去完成时presentperfecttense将来完成时futureperfecttense现在进行时presentcontinuoustense过去进行时pastcontinuoustense将来进行时futurecontinuoustense过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense现在完成进行时presentperfectcontinuoustense过去完成进行时pastperfectcontinuoustense语态voice主动语态activevoice语气mood 被动语态passivevoice语气mood 陈述语气indicativemood祈使语气imperativemood虚拟语气subjunctivemood否定negation否定范围scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否定partialnegation转移否定shiftofnegation语序order自然语序naturalorder倒装语序inversion全部倒装fullinversion部分倒装partialinversion直接引语directspeech间接引语indirectspeech自由直接引语freedirectspeech自由间接引语freeindirectspeech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicateagreement语法一致grammaticalagreement概念一致notionalagreement就近原则principleofproximity 强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调risingtone降调fallingtone降升调falling-risingtone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oralEnglish套语formulisticexpression英国英语BritishEnglish美国英语AmericanEnglish用法usage感情色彩emotionalcoloring褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic动名词gerund 连字号hyphen祈使语气imperativemood祈使句imperativesentences独立成分indefinitecase主句indicativemood物质名词materialnouns句子的成分membersofthesentence情态动词modalverbs语气mood词法morphology否定疑问句negativeinterrogativesentence动词的非限定形式non-finiteformsoftheverb非限制性定语从句non-restrictiveattributiveclauses括号brackets名词的分类classificationofnouns从句（分句）clauses同源宾语cognateobject集体名词collectivenouns冒号colon逗号comma普通格commoncase普通名词commonnouns 比较级comparativedegree复合宾语complexObject复合句complexsentences并列复合句compoundcomplexsentences表性状的复合谓语compoundnominalpredicate复合谓语compoundpredicate并列句compoundsentences表行为的复合谓语compoundverbalpredicate合成词compoundwords合成compounding(composition)错综时间条件句conditionalsentencesofmixedtime连词conjunction连接副词conjunctiveadverbs连接代词conjunctivepronouns转化conversion并列连词co-coordinatingconjunctions可数名词countablenouns破折号dash陈述句declarativesentences定冠词definitearticle比较的级别degreesofcomparison指示代词demonstrativepronouns 派生(词缀法)derivation(affixation)描绘性定语descriptiveattributes呼语directaddress直接宾语directobject直接引语directspeech反意问句disjunctivequestions省略ellipsis省略句ellipticalsentences感叹号exclamationmark感叹句exclamatorysentences动词的限定形式finiteformsoftheverb虚词formwords分数词fractionalnumerals完全倒装fullinversion将来进行时futurecontinuous一般将来时futureindefinite将来完成时futureperfect将来完成进行时futureperfectcontinuous独立结构absoluteconstructions物主代词的绝对形式absoluteformsofpossessivepronouns抽象名词abstractnouns主动语态activevoice 方式状语从句adverbialclausesofmanner地点状语从句adverbialclausesofplace目的状语从句adverbialclausesofpurpose时间状语从句adverbialclausesoftime程度副词adverbsofdegree频度副词adverbsoffrequency方式副词adverbsofmanner地点副词adverbsofplace时间副词adverbsoftime选择问句alternativequestions句子分析analysisofsentences省略号apostrophe同谓语appositive同位语从句appositiveclauses助动词auxiliaryverbs插入语parenthesis部分倒装partialinversion分词短语participialphrases分词participle小品词particle词类partsofspeech过去式pastforms 过去分词pastparticiple句号period(fullstop)人称person人称代词personalpronouns成语动词phrasalverbs谓语predicate表语predicative表语从句predicativeclauses前缀prefix(es)介词短语prepositionalphrases现在式presentforms现在分词presentparticiple动词的主要形式principalformsofverbs专有名词propernouns标点符号punctuation问号questionmark引号quotationmark相互代词reciprocalpronouns不定代词indefinitePronouns关系副词relativeadverbs关系代词relativepronouns限制性定语从句restrictiveattributiveclauses 自身代词selfpronouns分号semicolon真实条件句sentencesofrealcondition虚拟条件句sentencesofunrealcondition时态的呼应sequenceoftenses特殊问句specialquestions虚拟语气subjunctivemood后缀suffix(es)最高级superlativedegree句法syntax句型的转换transformationofsentences双部句two-membersentences不可数名词uncountablenouns动词短语verbalphrases名词化的动词verbalnoun构词法wordbuilding