习语谚语歇后语的翻译 47页

汉译英中几个特殊的问题 第一章文化词语的翻译物质文化词语食物:馒头steamedbread窝窝头Wowotou服饰:对襟衣:mandarincoats或button-downjackets中山装:Mao’ssuit/jacket 物品:加工食物用的筛子boult筷子chopsticks宣纸ricepaper砚台inkstone毛笔brush古代人身上背的褡裢Apouchwornatthegirdle;Longrectangularbagwornroundthewaistoracrosstheshoulder 精神文化词语宗教类:城隍庙:towngod门神:doorgod灶爷:Thegodofthehearth寿星:Godofthelongevity太岁:Godoftheyear (一)音译法豆腐toufu饺子jiaozi算盘suanpan老子Loats孔子(孔夫子)Confucius 2.音译加解释法中国传统乐器,二胡:Theerhufiddle古典诗词,词:theCiPoetry戏曲里的角色,生:Sheng,thechiefmale古代的器皿,尊:Zun,winevessel鬲:Li,hollow-leggedtripodvessels 压岁钱:TopresentchildrenwithnewlyprintedcashasYasuiqian,orgiftmoney,isoneritualofChineseinCelebratingLunarNewYear.(2006-1-31Chinadaily)2008年奥运吉祥物福娃.Fuwa,thefivemascotsofthe2008BeijingOlympicgames.TheyareBeibei,Jingjing,Huanhuan,YingyingandNini,whichmeans“Beijingwelcomesyou”inChinese. 3.音译加注释这一夜没有月,未庄在黑暗里很寂静,寂静到像羲皇时候一般太平.WeiVillagelayveryquietinthedarkness,asquietasitmighthavelainduringthereignofFuXi.LegendaryrulerofhighantiquityunderwhoseidyllicreignChinaprosperedinpeaceandtranquility. (直译法)1.直译加解释法黄白之术Theartofthe“yellowandwhite”,orthetransmutationofbasemetalsintogoldandsilver. 尼姑待他们走后,定了神来检点,龙牌固然已经碎在地上了,而且又不见了观音娘娘座前的一个宣德炉.(阿Q正传)Thenun,pullingherselftighteraftertheyhadgone,madeaninspection.Naturallytheimperialtablethadbeensmashedintofragmentsontheground,andthevaluableHsuanTecenserbeforetheshrineofKuanyin,thegoddessofmercy,hadalsodisappeared.(杨宪益,戴乃迭译) 2.直译加注释(1)从此空空道人因空见色,由色生情,传情入色,自色悟空……Asaconsequenceofallthis,Vanitas,startingoffintheVoid(whichistruth)cametothecontemplationofForm(whichisillusion);andfromFormengerderedPassion;andbycommunicationPassion,enteredagainintoForm;andfromFormawoketotheVoid(whichistruth) (2)孙子曰:兵者,国之大事,生死之地,存亡之道,不可不察也.SunTzusaid:Whatiswar?Itmaybedescribedasoneofthemostimportantaffairstothestateorlifeofbothsoldiersandpeople,andtheway*thatgovernsthesurvivalortheruinsofthestate.Sowemustdeliberatelyexamineandstudyit. (三)意译法(1)他写了一封”黄伞格”的信,托假洋鬼子带上城,而且托他给自己绍介绍介,去进自由党.Hehadwrittenanextremelyformalletter,andaskedtheImitationForeignDeviltotakeittotown;hehadalsoaskedthelattertointroducehimtotheLibertyParty. (2)人家是醋罐子,他是醋缸,醋瓮.Ifotherwomenarejealous,she’sahundredtimesso! 成语的翻译(一)比喻丰富1.喻体,喻义相似趁热打铁Tostrikewhiletheironishot如履薄冰Tobeonthethinice破釜沉舟Toburnone’sboat 2.喻义相似,喻体不同骨瘦如柴Asthinasarail一贫如洗Aspoorasachurchmouse血流如注Tobleedlikeapig 3.喻体多种,喻义相似左右为难Betweenthedevilandthedeepsea无所适从Betweentwofires (二)形象生动1.汉语形象具体,英语形象含蓄声色俱厉toputonscrews大言不惭toturngeeseintoswan 2.汉语形象含蓄,英语形象具体一清二楚Asclearascrystal格格不入Asquarepeginaroundhole循规蹈矩Asregularasaclockwork (三)对偶鲜明1.顺对(同义对)扬眉吐气toholdone’sheadhigh哗众取宠toplaytothegallery烟消云散toturntodust 2.逆对(反义对)声东击西Toshootatapigeonandkillacrow有恃无恐Tocountonone’sowncards得不偿失Thegameisnotworththecandle ExercisesTofishforpraiseCastlesintheairToshowtheclovenhoofTohangbyahair沽名钓誉空中楼阁漏出马脚千钧一发 Astitchintimesavesnine.一针及时省九针.Nomill,nomeal.不磨面,不吃饭.Halfaloafisbetterthannobread.有半块面包总比没有好.Ifyourunaftertwohares,you’llcatchneither.同时追两兔,全都抓不住. TocarrycoalstoNewcastle多此一举Ahundredtoone,itwillbeasuccess.这绝对会成功.Outofthefrying-panintothefire每况愈下Hangonsomebody’slips对某人言听计从 Sheisnowbetweenthedevilanddeepseaonthismatter.她在这个问题上是进退维谷.Everymanhasafoolinhissleeve.人人都有糊涂的时候.Thematterwasfinallysettledunderthetable.事件终于私下解决了.Thistestimonyputsquiteanewfaceonthewholematter.这个证词使整个事情完全改观了. Burnone’sboat破釜沉舟Adropinthebucket沧海一粟Shealwaysthrowshercarestothewinds.她总是把忧愁抛到九霄云外.TomakeamountainoutofamolehillTurnoveranewleaf洗心革面 Jumpoutofone’sskin魂不附体Tokickdowntheladder过河拆桥Afterone’sheart正中下怀Tofishinair缘木求鱼Hethatsowsthewindwillreapthewhirlwind.玩火者必自焚 二汉语成语的英译(一)套译法1.我没想到他对别人的批评竟充耳不闻.Ididn’texpecthimtoturnadeafeartootherpeople’scriticism.2.今既入了这园,再遇湘云,香菱,芳,蕊一干女子,所谓”人以类聚,物以群分”,此语不错.ComingherenowandmeetingHsiang-yun,Hsiang-ling,Fang-kuan,Rui-kuanandtheothergirls,itwasagenuinecase“likeattractslike”or“Birdsofafeatherflocktogether”. (二)直译法1.她咯咯地笑着说:”这叫画饼充饥”.Nowshechuckledancommented:”That’scalled“drawingacaketosatisfyyourhunger.2.司马昭之心,固已路人皆知.ThisSimaZhaotrickisobvioustoeverymaninthestreet.SimazhaowasaprimeministerofWei(220-265)whonursedasecretambitiontousurpthethrone.Theemperoronceremarked:”SimaZhao’sintentionisobvioustoeverymaninthestreet.’ (三)意译法谭招弟碰不得吗?你是三头六臂,我也敢碰.IsTanChao-tisomesacredbeingthatnoonedarestooffend?ButIdare,evenifyou’reademigod! (四)直译加意译法他一个单身人,无亲无故ButthisgirlMaiwasallbyherselfandfarfromhome,withoutasinglerelativeorfriendtohelpher. 谚语和歇后语的翻译一、谚语的翻译省了棍棒宠坏了娃。Sparetherodandspoilthechild.一天一苹果，医生远离我。Anappleaday,keepthedoctoraway. 一、直译1“你难道没有听见人说：嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗，那里个个都像你大姐姐做娘娘呢。”“Surelyyouknowthesaying,“Marryacockandfollowthecock;marryadogandfollowthedog?”Howcaneverygirlbelikeyoureldestsister,chosenasanImpericalConsort?” 2我的好多时间都糊里糊涂地混过去了，“少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。”Verymuchofmytimehasbeenfritteredawayaimlessly.Asthesayinggoes,“Onewhodoesnotworkhardinyouthwillgrieveinvaininoldage.” (二）意译1。他亦未始没有相当成就，但是仅仅十万人口的双桥镇何足以供回旋，比起目前这计划来，真是小巫见大巫了！There,hisachievementshadnotbeeninsignificant;buthisscopehadbeenlimitedbythesmallpopulationbarelyahundredthousand.HisactivitiesinShuangchiaoTownhadbeenmerechild’splaycomparedwiththispresentscheme. 2.但真所谓“塞翁失马焉知非福”罢，阿Q不幸赢了一回，他倒几乎失败了。However,thetruthoftheproverb“misfortunemayproveablessingindisguise”wasshownwhenAhQwasunfortunateenoughtowinandalmostsuffereddefeatintheend. 3.“你真是不到黄河心不死”，她低声说，无可奈何地摇摇头。“Youreallydorefusetogiveupuntilallhopeisgone.”Shemurmured,shakingherheadhelplessly. (三）套译1.刘姥姥道：“这倒也不然，‘谋事在人，成事在天’，咱们得靠菩萨的保佑，有些机会，也未可知。”“Don’tbesosure.”,saidGrannyLiu,“Manproposes,Heavendisposes.Workoutaplan,trusttoBuddha,andsomethingmaycomeoutofitforallyouknow.” 2。“巧媳妇做不出没米的粥来”，叫我怎么样呢？“Idon’tseewhatIamsupposedtodowithoutanycapital.Eventhecleveresthousewifecan’tmakebreadwithoutflour!”3.三思而后行。Lookbeforeyouleap. 二、歇后语的翻译（一）保留形象，直译1。“朱斌这个人就是狗咬耗子，多管闲事！”“它是狗，你是耗子？人家关心你！”“ChuPin!He’slikeadogworryingamouse,can’tmindhisownbusiness!”“He’sbeingthedogandyouthemouse,eh?No,hejustdiditbecausehe’sconcernedaboutwelfare.” 2.咱们俩的事，一条绳上拴着两条蚂蚱，谁也跑不了！“Weareliketwograsshopperstiedtoonecord:Neithercangetaway!”3.看你，隔着门缝瞧人，把人看扁啦！“Humph!Ifyoupeeratapersonthroughacrack,helooksflat!Don’tbesoprejudiced.” (二）保留形象，删译小小子知道黄鼠狼给鸡拜年，没安好心眼；可又不能不接待他。Hisaorealizedthatitwasacaseoftheweaselcomingtopayhisrespectstothehen.Hewasveryuneasy,buthehadtoentertainhisunwantedvisitor. 2.我在店里呢，是灯草拄杖，做不得主的。I’mafraidyou’llfindmeabrokenreed,sincemypositioninthecompanydoesn’tpermitmetomakesuchapositionindividually. (三）改变形象，套译1。“你可倒好，肉包子打狗，一去不回头啊！”她的嗓门很高，和平日在车上与车夫们吵嘴时一样。“Well,youcertainlyareaguy!Adoggivenabonewhodoesn’tcomebackformore!”Hervoicewasasloudaswhenshebawledoutattherickshawmenintheyard.2。他心里像有十五个吊桶打水，七上八下地不安宁。ItwasasiftheswordofDamocleshangoverhim. （四）舍弃形象，意译1。等他们赶来增援时，已是“正月十五贴门神——晚了半个月啦！”Buttheyweretoolateforarescue.2.生活的海里起过小小的波浪，如今似乎又平静下去，一切跟平常一样，一切似乎都是外甥打灯笼，照旧（舅）。Theeventenoroftheirlifehadbeendisturbed,butthingsseemedtobesettlingdownagain.Thevillagersfeltthemselvesbackintheoldrut. (五）保留形象，直译加注和尚打伞——无法（发）无天Amonkunderanumbrella-Wufawutian(withouthair,withoutheaven)-defyinglawshumananddivine.