从功能对等理论看歇后语的英译英文; 29页

湖南科技大学毕业设计（论文）题目作者学院专业学号指导教师二0一三年月日 OntheEnglishTranslationofTwo-partAllegoricSayings:FromthePerspectiveofFunctionalEquivalenceTheory矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。AThesisSubmittedtoSchoolofForeignStudiesHunanUniversityofScienceandTechnologyInPartialFulfillmentofTheRequirementsforTheDegreeofBachelorofArtsByXieXiang-pingUndertheSupervisionofLecturerFangXiao-qingJune,2013i 湖南科技大学毕业设计（论文）任务书外国语学院应用英语系（教研室）聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。系（教研室）主任:（签名）年月日残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。学生姓名:谢湘平学号:0912010108专业:英语1设计（论文）题目及专题：从功能对等理论看歇后语的英译2学生设计（论文）时间：自2012年12月5日开始至2013年6月10日止3设计（论文）所用资源和参考资料：1）Nida,E.A.1964.TowardaScienceofTranslating[M].Leiden:Brill.酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。2）Nida,E.A.1984.OnTranslation[M].Beijing:ChinaTranslation&PublishingCorporation.彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。3）Waard,J.D.1986.FromOneLanguagetoAnother[M].Chicago:ThomasNelsonIncPublishers.謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。4)陈军，2009，歇后语的文化内涵与翻译策略[J].温州大学学报（2）：25-27.5)温端政，1985，歇后语[M].北京：商务印书馆.4设计（论文）应完成的主要内容：歇后语作为一种特殊的文本形式有其独特的特征。而歇后语的翻译至今为止仍然是翻译的一个难题。本论文拟以奈达功能对等理论为依据研究影响歇后语翻译的主要因素，并列出歇后语翻译的相应方法。厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。5提交设计（论文）形式（设计说明与图纸或论文等）及要求：1）要求学生认真、独立完成毕业论文的写作2）要求按照学校规定的论文格式撰写论文3）要求及时同指导老师进行沟通，按步骤完成论文的写作和答辩工作。6发题时间：2012年12月10日iii 指导教师：（签名）学生：（签名）iii AcknowledgmentsTherearesomanypeoplewhomIwishtoextendmygratitudetoduringmycompositionofthethesisandthepastfouryearsofstudyintheuniversity.茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。IwouldfirstexpressmyappreciationtoLecturerFangXiao-qing,mysupervisor,whoseguidanceandinsightfulcriticismhavebeengreatlyhelpfulinthewritingofthethesis.Ihavebeenimpressedandinspiredbyherpatienceandencouragement,withoutwhichthispresentstudywouldnothavebeenwhatitis.鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。MythanksalsogototheSchoolofForeignStudies,HunanUniversityofScienceandTechnology,whereIhadgreatopportunitiestoattendclassesandimprovemyselfinknowledgeaswellasmycharacterformation.籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。Mygratitudewillalsoextendtomyclassmatesandfriendswhohavehelpedmeallalongthepastfouryearsandwhohavegivenmygoodadviceinmystudy.預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。Lastbutnotleast,I’dliketoexpressmythankstomyparents.Theirloveandconcernformegivesmeendlessstrengthandcourageonthewaytograduation.渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。 AbstractLanguageisthecarrierofculture,andtheidiomistheessenceoflanguage.Moreover,two-partallegoricsayingsofidiomsaremoreuniqueintheirexpressions.ThereisnocompletelycorrespondingexpressioninEnglish.Therefore,theculturalconnotationoftwo-partallegoricsayingsformedcommunicationgapinthetranslation.Thepurposeofthispaperistodiscusstheguidingsignificanceofequivalenttranslationtheoryinthetranslationpracticeoftwo-partallegoricsayings,torevealtheculturalcharacteristicsoftwo-partallegoricsayingsandtheculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineselanguage,andtoexplorethetranslationmethodsoftwo-partallegoricsayingsaccordingtoNida"sfunctionalequivalencetheory.铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。KeyWords:Two-partallegoricsayings;Nida;functionalequivalencetheory擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。iii 中文摘要语言是文化的载体，习语又堪称是语言的精华，而汉语习语中的歇后语更是中国文化独有的表达方式，英语中没有与之完全相对应的表达法。因此，歇后语所传递的文化内涵在汉译英中便形成了交际空白。本文旨在以奈达功能对等理论为理论依据，探讨等效翻译理论在歇后语翻译实践中所具有的指导意义,揭示歇后语的文化特色以及英汉语之间的文化差异，进而探讨歇后语的翻译方法。贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。关键词：歇后语；奈达；功能对等理论iii iii ContentsAcknowledgmentsi坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。Abstractii蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。中文摘要iii買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。Introduction1I.IntroductiontoTwo-partAllegoricSayings2綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。1.1DefinitionofTwo-partAllegoricSayings2驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。1.2TypesofTwo-partAllegoricSayings2猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑。1.3CharacteristicsofTwo-partAllegoricSayings3锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔。1.4FunctionsofTwo-partAllegoricSayings31.4.1CommunicativeFunctionofTwo-partAllegoricSayings4構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。1.4.2RhetoricFuctionofTwo-partAllegoricSayings4輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶。II.AnOverviewofFunctionalEquivalence.5尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅。2.1DefinitionofFunctionalEquivalence5识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒。2.2LevelsofFunctionalEquivalence62.2.1LexicalEquivalence62.2.2SyntacticEquivalence62.2.3ContextualEquivalenceandCulturalEquivalence................................................7凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴。III.InfluentialFactorandMethodsofTwo-partAllegoricSayingsTranslation8恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦。3.1InfluenceofCulturalFactorUponTwo-partAllegoricSayingsTranslation.8鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫。3.2MethodsofTwo-partAllegoricSayingsTranslation...................................................9硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹。3.2.1LiteralTranslation.......10阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖。3.2.2FreeTranslation.11氬嚕躑竄贸恳彈瀘颔澩。3.2.3CombinationofLiteralandFreeTranslation..................................................11v 釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅獅赘。3.2.4LoanTranslation................................................................................................12怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉。3.2.5Annotation................................................................................................13谚辞調担鈧谄动禪泻類。v 3.2.6PartialTranslation14嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純铪锩。3.2.7UseofAllusions14Conclusion15熒绐譏钲鏌觶鷹緇機库。Bibliography16vi Introduction“Two-partallegoricalsayings,whosesecondpartsbearthemainsemanticweight,exhibitsrichsemanticandphonologicaloperations,theyarenotunanalyzedfixedstructuresmemorizedbytheusers;instead,two-partallegoricalsayingsareconceptualinnature,exhibitingmultiplesemanticoperationsamongmetaphor,metonymy,andknowledgeframe”(Lakoff&Johnson2003:58).Asforthestudyoftwo-partAllegoricSayings,althoughmanyeffortshavebeentakentoexploreit,therearestillsomedifferentideasaboutitsclassifications,translationmethodsandsoon.鶼渍螻偉阅劍鲰腎邏蘞。InordertohelpthetargetlanguagereadershaveabetterunderstandingaboutChinesetwo-partallegoticsayingsandChineseculture.Itisofgreatimportancetointroducetwo-partallegoticsayingstoforeigncountries.Sotheultimatepurposeofthispaperistoexplorethetranslationmethodsoftwo-partallegoticsayingsunderNida"sfunctionalequivalencetheory.纣忧蔣氳頑莶驅藥悯骛。Basedonthepreviousresearches,thispapertendstoanalyzethetranslationoftwo-partallegoticsayingswithFunctionalEquivalenceasaguidingtheory.Thisthesiscanbedividedintothreechaptersasfollows:颖刍莖蛺饽亿顿裊赔泷。ChapterOneprovidesanintroductiontotwo-partallegoricsayings,includingitsdefinition,classification,characteristicsandfunctions.ChapterTwomakesanoverviewofFunctionalEquivalencetheorywhichconsistsofitsdefinitionandlevels.ChapterThreestartswiththeinfluenceofculturalfactorupontwo-partallegoricsayingstranslation.Thenseveralmethodsoftwo-partallegoticsayingstranslationhavebeencomeupwith.SuchasLiteraltranslation,freetranslation,thecombinationofliteralandfreetranslationandsoon.濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻。-17- I.IntroductiontoTwo-partAllegoricSayings銚銻縵哜鳗鸿锓謎諏涼。Two-partallegoticsayingsisaveryspecialpartofChineseculture,andcreatedbyancientpeopleaccordingtotheirrichlifeexperiences.ItisakindofspecialhumorouslanguageformandauniquewaytoexpresstheChinesenationalculture.Soitiswidelyusedinpeople’sdailylifeandsometraditionalworks,suchasADreamofRedMansions.Two-partallegoticsayingshasitsowncharacteristics.Firstly,itconsistsoftwopartsinitsform.Secondly,figuresofspeechsuchassimileandpuncanbeeasilyfoundinitscontent.挤貼綬电麥结鈺贖哓类。1.1DefinitionofTwo-partAllegoricSayings赔荊紳谘侖驟辽輩袜錈。Two-partallegoticsayingshasbeendiscussedsince1930s,butitsdefinitionstillremainscontroversialinspiteofnumerousresearchesanddefinitionsprovidedbyChinesescholars.塤礙籟馐决穩賽釙冊庫。Two-partallegoticsayingsbelongstothecommonsayings(idioms),exceptthatithasaparticularstructureofariddle.Two-partallegoticsayingsissimilartoaphraseforitexplainsthemeaningofaphraseintwoparts---thefirstpartcanberegardedasasimileorastatementdescribesariddle,whilethesecondpart,sometimesunstated,carriedamessageastheanswertotheriddle(TheContemporaryChineseDictionaryofIdioms).裊樣祕廬廂颤谚鍘羋蔺。1.2TypesofTwo-partAllegoricSayings仓嫗盤紲嘱珑詁鍬齊驁。Thediscussionsabouttheclassificationhavenotcometoanagreementtillnow.TherepresentativeandwidelyacceptedonesareproposedbyMaGuofanandGaoGedong,SunWeizhang,andeachofthemwinsmanysupporters.绽萬璉轆娛閬蛏鬮绾瀧。MaGuofanandGaoGedongsaid,“Two-partallegoticsayingscanbedividedintotwotypes:metaphoricalonesandhomophoniconesaccordingtowhetherthesecondpartuseshomophonesornot”(1979:18).Theformeronesrefertothosewhosefirstpartsaremetaphorsandsecondpartsareexplanationsforthefirstparts.However,thelatteronesarerelatedtothosewhosesecondpartsusehomophonestoexpressasenseofpun.Asforthelatterone,wecanseethatitisnotall-sidedbecausethesecondpartoftwo-partallegoticsayingsexpressing-17- punysensewithahomophoneisnotalwaysright.Ontheonehand,forinstance,“七十岁戴眼镜——老花(话)(aseventy-oldpersonwearsglasses—presbyopia(anoldsaying)”(刘淑娟2011:5).Whileontheotherhand,insomeothercases,suchpunnysensecanbeindicatedbyusingapomograph.Forexample,“一顿饭能吃三升米——肚量大(apersoncaneatthreelitersofriceinonemeal—abigstomach(abroadtolerance)”(刘淑娟2011:6).骁顾燁鶚巯瀆蕪領鲡赙。SunWeizhang(1989:289-291)dividestwo-partallegoticsayingsintotwotypesmetaphoricalonesandpunyones.Andmetaphoricaltwo-partallegoticsayingsincludeexplanatoryones,revealingonesandassociatingonesbasedontherelationshipbetweentwoparts.瑣钋濺暧惲锟缟馭篩凉。1.3CharacteristicsofTwo-partAllegoricSayings“Two-partallegoticsayingsisubiquitous,vividlyemployingthefullspectumoftraditionalChinesehistoryandimagery,fromtheloftytothemundane”(Rohsenow1991:59).Which,undoubtedly,isfullofthecolorfulChineseculture.Thefirstpartoftenprovidesavividimageandthesecondpartintendstoexplaintheimplicitmeaningofthefirstpart.Forexample,猫哭耗子——假慈悲(Acatcryingoveramouse"smisfortune—shammercy).Itiseasyforthereaderstoimagineaclearpicturefromthevividdescriptionofthefirstpart,nevertheless,thesecondpartisthetruthandexplanationtothefirstpart.Asweallknow,catandmouseareapairofnaturalenemy,soitisimpossibleforacattoshowsympathyforamousesincerely.Theonlyresultofthesituationlistedaboveisthatthecatshowshammercytothemouse,andeatthemousewhenitisunprepared.鎦诗涇艳损楼紲鯗餳類。1.4FunctionsofTwo-partAllegoricSayings“Generallyspeaking,two-partallegoticsayingsplaystwokindsoffuctionsinitsapplication:communicativefuctionsandrhetoricalfuxtions”(许家群2010:7).MostpeoplefocustheirattentionsontheapplicationofTwo-partallegoticsayingsinindailylife,thatisthecommunicativefunctionsoftwo-partallegoticsayingshaveattractedmuchattention.However,infact,therhetoricaleffectofTwo-partallegoticsayingsisitsmainfunction.-17- Anyhow,thetwotypesoffunctionsarerelatedtoeachotherandcannotbeseperated.栉缏歐锄棗鈕种鵑瑶锬。1.4.1CommunicativeFunctionofTwo-partAllegoricSayings辔烨棟剛殓攬瑤丽阄应。“ForJakobson,languageisaboveall,asanysemioticsystem,forcommunication”(胡壮麟2011:9).Infact,two-partallegoticsayingsasaformoflanguage,actuallyitactsasatoolofcommunicationandoftenappearsinpeople"sdailylifeaswellasotherlanguageforms.峴扬斕滾澗辐滠兴渙藺。1.4.2RhetoricFuctionofTwo-partAllegoricSayings詩叁撻訥烬忧毀厉鋨骜。“Themostimportantrhetoricaleffectachievedbytwo-partallegoticsayingsishumor,ironyorsarcasmembodiedinit”(温端政1985:30).SomeTwo-partallegoticsayingsprovideasenseofhumour.Forexample,蚊子叮菩萨——认错人(AmsquitobitesaclayBuddha—mistakingdentity).Thefirstpartofthistwo-partallegoticsayingsshowsapicturethatamosquitofliesintoatempleandtriestobiteaclayidolwhoseappearanceissimilartoarealperson.Thesecondpartexplainsthatthemosquitomistakestheidolforatrueperson.Ironicandsarcasticeffectcanbeachievedinsomeothertwo-partallegoticsayings.Forinstance,黄鼠狼给鸡拜年——没安好心(AweaselpaysaNewYearcallonahen—notwithagoodintention).Theweasel,aseveryoneknows,isoneoftheworstenemysofhens,therefore,ifaweaselpaysaNewYearcallonahen,itcouldnothavegoodintentionsbutwanttoeatthehen.则鯤愜韋瘓賈晖园栋泷。-17- II.AnOverviewofFunctionalEquivalence胀鏝彈奥秘孫戶孪钇賻。“Functionalequivalencetheory”wasproposedbyAmericanfamoustranslationtheorist,EugeneNida.Thistheoryisconsideredastherepresentativeworksofcontemporarytranslationtheorybythewesterntranslationfield.Thetheoryemphasizestheequivalenttranslationfromsourcelanguagetotargetlanguageinitsculture.Beforegoingtoproblemsandsolutionstofunctionalequivalenceintwo-partallegoticsayingstranslation,thedefinitionandlevelsoffunctionalequivalencearediscussedfirst.鳃躋峽祷紉诵帮废掃減。2.1DefinitionofFunctionalEquivalence稟虛嬪赈维哜妝扩踴粜。“Dynamicequivalence”,akeyconceptinNida"stranslationtheory,definedas“theprincipleofequivalenteffect”.Bythemid-1980s,“dynamicequivalence”wasreplacedby“functionalequivalence”.“Functionalequivalence”allowsawiderangeofdiversityintranslating,sothetranslatorcanhavemorefreedomtodealwithproblemsintranslation.陽簍埡鲑罷規呜旧岿錟。Insuchatranslation,dynamictranslation,oneisnotsoconcernedwithmatchingthereceptor-languagemessagewiththesourcelanguagemessage,butwiththedynamicrelationship,thattherelationshipbetweenreceptorandmessageshouldbesubstantiallythesameasthatwhichexistedbetweentheoriginalreceptorsandthemessage(Nida1964:150).沩氣嘮戇苌鑿鑿槠谔應。“Dynamicequivalenceisthereforetobedefinedintermsofthedegreetowhichthereceptorofthemessageinthereceptorlanguagerespondtoitinsubstantiallythesamemannerasthereceptorsinthesourcelanguage”(Nida1969:24).Therelationshipbetweenthetargetlanguagereceptorandthesourcetextshouldgenerallybeequivalenttothatbetweenthesourcelanguagereceptorandthesourcetext.Functionalequivalencetranslationpaysmuch-17- moreattentiontothereceptor"sresponseandnaturalnessoftargetlanguagethanlanguageforms.钡嵐縣緱虜荣产涛團蔺。“Atranslationoffunctionalequivalenceaimsatcompletenaturalnessofexpression,andtriestorelatethereceptortomodesofbehaviorrelevantwithinthecontextofhisownculture;itdoesnotinsistthatheunderstandtheculturalpatternsofthesource-languagecontextinordertocomprehendthemessage”(Nida1964:159).懨俠劑鈍触乐鹇烬觶騮。2.2LevelsofFunctionalEquivalenceTranslationinvolvesmessagetransmissionbetweentwolanguagesandcultures.ThedefinitionoftranslationproposedbyNidashowsthattranslationisnotonlyrelatedtoequivalenceoflexicalmeaning,butalsotheequivalenceoftextconnotationandstyle,whilemessagetransmissionincludessurfacelexicalmessageanddeepculturalmessage.Functionalequivalencemainlycontainsfourlevels:lexicalequivalence,syntacticequivalence,contextualequivalenceandculturalequivalence.謾饱兗争詣繚鮐癞别瀘。2.2.1LexicalequivalenceThemeaningofawordliesinitsusageinlanguage.Intranslationactivities,itishardtofindthecorrespondingmeaningintargetlanguage.Forexample,“Anappleaday,keepsthedoctoraway”,both“apple”and“doctor”haveseveralmeaningswithoutaconcretecontext.Therefore,wecanunderstandthissentenceintwodifferentways:(1)Onecankeephealthybyeatinganappleeveryday;(2)OnecannotgetadoctordegreewithplayinganiPhoneeveryday.呙铉們欤谦鸪饺竞荡赚。2.2.2SyntacticequivalenceSyntacticequivalenceisbasedonthefoundationoflexicalequivalenceandmorecomplicatedthanlexicalequivalencebecausedifferenttargetlanguages,numberandtenseshouldbetakenintoconsiderationinsentencetranslationactivities.Thus,thetranslatorshouldbeclearaboutdifferentgrammarsofdifferentlanguages.莹谐龌蕲賞组靄绉嚴减。2.2.3Contextualequivalenceandculturalequivalence麸肃鹏镟轿騍镣缚縟糶。Contextualequivalenceconsistsofthreeparts,passageequivalence,sceneequivalence-17- andculturalequivalence.Infact,culturalequivalenceisthemostimportantthingintranslationoftwo-partallegoticsayings.Thereareagreatnumberofreasons,suchasdifferentbackgrounds,languagebarriersandsoon.Forexample,山中无老虎——猴子称霸王(Whenthecatisaway,themicewillplay).Thereisnonecessaryrelationshipbetween“tiger”and“monkey”inthewesternculture,thereforeitisabigmistakeifthetranslatortakestheculturalequivalenceoutofconsiderationandtranslatesthistwo-partallegoticsayingslikethis,(Whenthetigerisaway,themonkeyistheking).Anyway,inordertobeagreattranslator,peopleshouldtrytheirbesttoovercomeanydifficultyandtoachievethegoalofculturalequivalencetranslation.納畴鳗吶鄖禎銣腻鰲锬。-17- III.InfluentialFactorandMethodsofTwo-partAllegoricSayingsTranslation風撵鲔貓铁频钙蓟纠庙。Inthispart,sometwo-partallegoticsayingstranslationmethodsareprovided,butbeforethatitisnecessarytodiscusstheinfluentialfactorsoftwo-partallegoticsayingstranslation.灭嗳骇諗鋅猎輛觏馊藹。3.1InfluenceofCulturalFactorUponTwo-partAllegoricSayingsTranslation铹鸝饷飾镡閌赀诨癱骝。Nowadays,manyforeignersareenthusiasticaboutlearningChineselanguageandChineseculture.However,two-partallegoticsayings,asapartofChineseculture,isnotsopopularamongforeigncountriesbecausemanyforeignerscannotunderstandtwo-partallegoticsayingsintheirownthoughts.Whydoessuchanembarrassingsituationappear?AsfarasIamconcerned,somebarriersintwo-partallegoticsayingstranslationleadtothatproblem.InordertosolvethatproblemandspreadChinesecultureintothewholeworldbetter,itisimportantfortranslatorstohaveagoodknowledgeoftheinfluentialfactorsofTwo-partallegoticsayingstranslation.攙閿频嵘陣澇諗谴隴泸。Two-partallegoticsayingsbelongstoapartofChineseculture,soformmypointofview,themostimportantinfluentialfactorupontranslationoftwo-partallegoticsayingsisculturalfactor.In1871,thefamousBritishanthropologistEdwardBTaylordefined“culture”as“thecomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety”(Richard&Levine1984:41).Mosttwo-partallegoticsayingscontainculturalconnotation,sotranslatorsshouldmakeouttherealmeaningofcultural-loadedwordsandexpressions.Take狗戴帽子——装人(adogwearingacap—pretendingtobeahumanbeing(aninsult)forexample,ifthetranslatordoesnotexplainitisaninsult,manyforeignersmaybeconfusedbecause“dog”means“goodfriends”or“somethinggood”inwesternculture,whichisabigdifferenceinChineseculture.趕輾雏纨颗锊讨跃满賺。-17- Inaddition,eachcountryhasformeditsowncustomsduringtheirrespectivehistoryprocess.Withalongsplendidhistory,Chinesepeoplehavedevelopedtheirowncustomsandconventions,whichconstitutesomedistinctivefeaturesofitslanguage.Suchas,三十晚上贴“福”字——倒着贴(pastingupthecharacter“fu”ontheNewYear"sEve—pastedupsidedown).ThisreferstotheChinesecustomofpastingthecharacter“fu”(blessing)upsidedowntoelicittheremark“nidefudaole”,whichmeansyourgoodluckhasarrived.Moreover,therearesuchlanguageitemsthathavethesameorsimilarliteralmeaning,butdifferentconnotationsorassociativemeaningsbetweenChineseandEnglishculture.Asiswell-knowntoChinese,“狗”，anegativewordwhichisoftenusedasaninsultingcommentonpeople,butthemeaningof“dog”inEnglishmostlyisapositivewordwhichmeans“agoodthing”,suchas“topdog”,“luckydog”.Consequently,onaccountofthedifferenceincustoms,sometimes,itisnecessarytoaddsomeexplanationsforforeigners"comprehensionofChineseculturalconnotationsintranslationoftwo-partallegoticsayings.夹覡闾辁駁档驀迁锬減。What"smore,thedifferenceofreligionamongdifferentnationsisalsoanimportantfactorofthetranslationoftwo-partallegoticsayings.Fromtimeimmemorial,ChinesepeoplehavebelievedinBuddhismforthousandyears.ThereforeChineseculturewillbemuchrelatedtoBuddhisminevitably.However,Christianityisembracedinmostofthewestcountries.Thus,communicationbarriersmaycomeintobeingduringthetranslationofreligiousTwo-partallegoticsayings.Forinstance,泥菩萨过河——自身难保(likeaclayidolfordingariver—hardlyabletosaveitself),小和尚念经——有口无心(ayoungBuddhistmonkrecitingscriptures—notbeingawarewhathereallymeans).Itisquitehardforforeignerstounderstandtherealmeaningsofthosetwo-partallegoticsayingswithoutaawarenessofChinesereligion.视絀镘鸸鲚鐘脑钧欖粝。3.2MethodsofTwo-partAllegoricSayingsTranslation偽澀锟攢鴛擋緬铹鈞錠。Two-partallegoticsayingsasaspeciallanguagehasitsownuniquecharacteristics.However,thetranslationoftwo-partallegoticsayingshasstillbeenaproblem.Whatkindoftranslationcanmaketwo-partallegoticsayingsbeeasilyunderstoodbythetargetlanguagereaders?Howtoreproducetheimagesofthesourcelanguagereadersinthemindsof-17- foreigners?Howtoachievetheequivalenceeffect?Thosequestionsarewhatwearegoingtosolve.Themethodsoftwo-partallegoticsayingstranslationareasfollows:緦徑铫膾龋轿级镗挢廟。3.2.1LiteralTranslation騅憑钶銘侥张礫阵轸蔼。Literaltranslationreferstoamethodthatputsthefaithfulnesstotheoriginalcontentinthefirstplace,thefaithfulnesstotheoriginalforminthesecondplace,thefluenttranslationforminthethirdplace(许渊冲1978,translatedbytheauthor).Literaltranslationcannotonlyreproducethemeaningoftheoriginaltextbutalsokeepthesourcelanguageformanditsvividmetaphorandimagedescription.Literaltranslationcanmakethereaderoftargetlanguagebetterknowthecultureofsourcelanguage.Literaltranslationisoftenusedintwo-partallegoticsayingstranslationbecausetherearesomecommonfeaturesbetweenChineseandEnglish.Thatistosay,someChinesetwo-partallegoticsayingscanfindtheircorrespondingexpressionsinEnglish.Thus,literaltranslationcanbeusedwhenthetwoexpressionsareequivalentinbothculture.Wecanseesomeexampleasfollows:疠骐錾农剎貯狱颢幗騮。(1)芝麻开花——节节高Asesamestalkputsforthblossomsnotchhigherandhigher—risingsteadily.镞锊过润启婭澗骆讕瀘。(2)千里送鹅毛——礼轻情意重Tosendthefeatherofaswanonethousandli—thegiftinitselfmaybeinsignificant,butthegoodwillisdeep.榿贰轲誊壟该槛鲻垲赛。(3)泥菩萨过河——自身难保Likeaclayidolfordingariver—hardlyabletosaveitself(陈军2009).邁茑赚陉宾呗擷鹪讼凑。Insuchkindoftwo-partallegoticsayingsaslistedabove,bothtargetlanguagereadersandsourcelanguagereaderssharethesameorsimilarmeaningsofthosewords.Thus,thetargetaudiencecouldgetsimilarcontextualinformationabouttheoriginaltextwithoutanyeffort.嵝硖贪塒廩袞悯倉華糲。3.2.2FreeTranslation该栎谖碼戆沖巋鳧薩锭。Freetranslationisemployedforthepurposeofexpressingtheoriginalmeaninginsteadofreproducingtheoriginalsentencestructureorrhetoricaldevices.“Freetranslationmeansgivinguptheoriginalvehicleorimageandmakingefforttofindanproperwaytoexpressthe-17- intendedmeaningoftheoriginal”(谭卫国2005:18).Freetranslationputsthefaithfulnesstotheoriginalcontentinthefirstplace,thefluenttranslationforminthesecondplace,ratherthanstickstotheoriginalform(许渊冲1978,translatedbytheauthor).Inotherwords,freetranslationpaysmoreattentiontocontentratherthanforminthetranslatingfromthesourcelanguagetothetargetlanguage.Formoftheoriginal,includingsentencestructureandmetaphor,couldnotbetakenintoaccountinfreetranslation,butitdosenotmeanthatthetranslatorcouldomitoraddcontenttothetargettext.Freetranslationrequiresthetranslatortoknowthecultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Freetranslationmethodisoftenusedintranslatingsometwo-partallegoticsayings,especiallythosethatcontainrhetoricaldevices,suchas:劇妆诨貰攖苹埘呂仑庙。(4)我这人说话向来是“袖筒里入棒槌”——直出直入Ihavealwaysbeenspeakingfranklyandtothepoint臠龍讹驄桠业變墊罗蘄。(5)一切似乎都是外甥打灯笼——照舅（旧）Thingsseemedtobethesameasbefore(韩庆果2002).3.2.3CombinationofLiteralandFreeTranslationWangZuoliangsays“Agoodtranslatorisalwaysdonebyliteraltranslationaswellasfreetranslation”(奚永吉2001:950).Justaseverycoinhastwosides,bothliteralandfreetranslationshavetheirownadvantagesanddisadvantages.Literaltranslationalwayskeepstheoriginalforms,stylesandimages,thusprovidestheoriginalculturetothetargetlanguagereaders.Whileinsomecasesliteraltranslationmayleadtomisunderstanding.Atthistime,itisnecessarytocombineliteraltranslationandfreetranslationtomakeabettertranslation.Suchas:鰻順褛悦漚縫冁屜鸭骞。(6)卷起袖子抓刺猬——棘手Rollingupone’ssleevestocatchahedgehog—athornyjob穑釓虚绺滟鳗絲懷紓泺。(7)杀鸡给猴看——杀一儆百Killingthechickentofrightenthemonkey—punishingsomeoneasawarningtoothers(韩庆果2002).隶誆荧鉴獫纲鴣攣駘賽。3.2.4LoanTranslationAloantranslationisatypeofborrowingfromanotherlanguageinwhichtheelementsof-17- aforeignwordareassumedtobetranslatedliterallybycorrespondingelementsinanotherlanguage.TherearesomanydifferencesbetweentheChinesecharactersandEnglishwordsthatthetranslatorhastochangetheoriginalimagewhichisdifficulttounderstandintoafamiliaronetothetargetreaderssometimes.Whenthathappens,theloantranslationmethodisused.Therearemanyexamplesasfollows:浹繢腻叢着駕骠構砀湊。(8)冰冻三尺——非一日之寒Romewasnotbuiltinaday(9)老王卖瓜——自卖自夸Nomancries“stinkyfish”(10)猫哭耗子——假慈悲Acatcryingoveramouse’smisfortune—shammercy/Toshedcrocodiletears(石延芳2012).鈀燭罚櫝箋礱颼畢韫粝。Asforexample(10),dueto“cat”isnotaevilbutalovelypetinforeigners’eyesandEnglishculture,sotheTwo-partallegoticsayings“猫哭耗子——假慈悲”maynotbeunderstoodwellbyforeignreaderswhenitisusedliteraltranslationmethodliketheformer.However,thelatterisusedtheloantranslationmethod,“crocodiletears”notonlyexpressthemeaningofthetwo-partallegoticsayingsbutalsocaneasilybeacceptedbyforeigners.惬執缉蘿绅颀阳灣熗鍵。(11)山中无老虎——猴子称大王1)Whenthetigerisawayfromthemountain—themonkeycallshimselftheking贞廈给鏌綞牵鎮獵鎦龐。2)Inthekingdomoftheblind,theone-eyedisking嚌鲭级厨胀鑲铟礦毁蕲。3)Whenthecatisaway,themicewillplay(石延芳2012).薊镔竖牍熒浹醬籬铃騫。Thefirstoneisliteraltranslation,aseveryknows,“tiger”isthekingofanimalsinChineseculture,butthekingofanimalsinEnglishcultureis“lion”.Inaddition,themonkeyinEnglishcultureisnotascleverasthatinChineseculture.Astothesecondandthethirdones,loantranslationmethodisemployedandtheirmeaningsaresimilartotheoriginalone.Moreover,suchexpressionscaneasilybeunderstoodbytargetlanguagereaders.Inaword,loantranslationismoresuitablefortranslatingthiskindoftwo-partallegoticsayings.齡践砚语蜗铸转絹攤濼。-17- 3.2.5AnnotationAseveryknows,two-partallegoticsayingsisdeeplyoriginatedwithcolorfulChinesecultureandChinesehistorybackground.Thus,inordertointroducetwo-partallegoticsayingstoforeignreadersbetter,someannotationsareneededintwo-partallegoticsayingstranslation.Forexample:绅薮疮颧訝标販繯轅赛。(12)王羲之写字——横竖都好AcharacteroutofWangXizhi’shand—verticalstrokesareasgoodashorizontalones(likeWangXizhi’scalligraphy,itisgoodineveryway)(许家群2010:76).饪箩狞屬诺釙诬苧径凛。WangXizhiwasafamousChinesecalligrapherandaChinesecharacterusuallyconsistsofsomestrokeswhicharemainlycomposedofverticalandhorizontalones.“横竖”herecanbeunderstoodintwoways:1)Thehorizontalandverticalstrokes;2)nomatterwhathewrote,isagoodcharacteranyway.烴毙潜籬賢擔視蠶贲粵。(13)猪八戒戴眼镜——假斯文ZhuBajiewearingapairofglasses—pretendingtobeagood-manneredscholar(likeZhuBajiewearingapairofglasses,thewearerispretendingtobeagood-manneredscholar;apretentiouscivilizedact)(许家群2010:37).鋝岂涛軌跃轮莳講嫗键。AsmostoftheChineseknow,wearingapairofglassesisasymbolofascholarinChineseculture.Thus,ifapersonisalwaysrudeandimpolitebutpretendstobegentleandgood-manneredtootherssometimes,peoplewillsaythatheisnotarealscholarbutafakewiththepurposeofpretendingtobeagood-manneredscholar.JustlikeZhuBajie,oneofthemostimportantcharactersofJourneytotheWest,whoseimageisfarfromthatofagood-manneredscholarthoughhewearsapairofglasses.撷伪氢鱧轍幂聹諛詼庞。(14)咸菜烧豆腐——有盐在先(有言在先)Saltedvegetableswithbeancurd—thereissaltatthebeginning(therearewordsbeforehand)(许家群2010:38).踪飯梦掺钓貞绫賁发蘄。Thereisapuninthetwo-partallegoticsayings,“言”(word)and“盐”(salt)areapairofhomophones,imaginethatwithouttheexplanationwhichtellsthereaderstherearesomeagreementsorpromisesbeforesomeonedoingsomething,readersarenotlikelytounderstand-17- whatthistwo-partallegoticsayingsreallymean.婭鑠机职銦夾簣軒蚀骞。3.2.6PartialTranslation譽諶掺铒锭试监鄺儕泻。Insometwo-partallegoticsayings,theimageorthemetaphorisveryeasytobeunderstoodbythetargetlanguagereaders,whentranslating,itisonlynecessarytotranslatethefirstpart.Forexample:俦聹执償閏号燴鈿膽賾。(15)咳！这一来，竹篮打水——一场空了！Ah!Weweredrawingwaterinabamboobasket(陈军2009).缜電怅淺靓蠐浅錒鵬凜。Partialtranslationisusedinthetwo-partallegoticsayingsmentionedabove,theimagessuchas“basket”and“water”andtheirmeaningsaresoeasytobeunderstoodthatalmosteveryoneknowstheresultofgettingwaterwithabamboobasket.Therefore,itisunnecessarytotranslatethesecondpart.骥擯帜褸饜兗椏長绛粤。3.2.7UseofAllusionsTherearemanytwo-partallegoticsayingscontainallkindsofallusionswhichthetargetlanguagereadersmayknownothingaboutthem,thusabriefintroductiontotheallusionisneededforabettercomprehensionoftargetlanguageaudiences.Forexample:癱噴导閽骋艳捣靨骢鍵。(16)宋襄公失败的教训——对敌人不能讲仁慈ThelessonlearnedbyDukeXiangofSongfromhisdefeat—oneshouldnotbebenevolenttotheenemy.(DukeXiangofSongwasoneofthefeudallordsintheSpringandAutumnperiod.Onceheallowedtheenemytocrossariverratherthanattackthemintheriver.Asaaresult,theenemydefeatedandfatallywoundedhimfinally)(温端政1985:35).鑣鸽夺圆鯢齙慫餞離龐。(17)周瑜打黄盖——一个愿打，一个愿挨ThatisZhouYubeatingHuangGai—shillfuliygivenbyoneandgladiltakenbyyheother.(ZhouYuandHuangGai,bothwereguneralsoftheKingdomofWuwhichwereinvolvedinwarintheperiodoftheThreeKingdoms(211-265).ZhouYucruellybeatandthensentHuangGai,hisclosecomrade-in-arms,totheenemycampinordertowinthebattlebydeceivingtheenemy)(许家群2010:78).榄阈团皱鹏緦寿驏頦蕴。Allusionisinthiskindoftwo-partallegoticsayings,givingabriefintroductiontothisstorycanhelpthereadersunderstandthetwo-partallegoticsayingsbetter.Inaddition,such-17- kindoftwo-partallegoticsayingscanarouseforeigners’interestinlearningChineseculture.逊输吴贝义鲽國鳩犹騸。-17- ConclusionTwo-partallegoticsayings,asapartofChineselanguageandChineseculture,itsuniquestyleandhumorousexpressionsmakeitpopularamonghomeandbroad.Itisnoteasyforthetranslatortotranslatetwo-partallegoticsayingsaccuratelyduetosomanyculturalandlinguisticdifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish.幘觇匮骇儺红卤齡镰瀉。Accordingtothisresearch,thispaperisaboutthetranslationoftwo-partallegoticsayings,intheguidanceoffunctionalequivalencetheory.Therefore,itisvitaltointroduceTwo-partallegoticsayingsitselfanditsguidingtheoryfunctionalequivalence.Attheverybeginning,theauthorintroducedsomebasicinformationabouttwo-partallegoticsayingsincludingitsdefinition,classifications,characteristicsandfunctions.Inthisway,thereaderscanhaveageneralunderstandingoftwo-partallegoticsayings.Thenanoverviewoffunctionalequivalenceoftheauthorhasbeenputforward,withitsdefinitionandlevelsinthispaper.Lastbutnotleast,thethirdchapteranalyzedtheinfluenceofculturalfactorupontwo-partallegoticsayingstranslationandproposedsometranslatingmethodsoftwo-partallegoticsayings.Theauthorthinks,thereisanimportantrelationshipbetweenthetwopartsbecauseonlywhentheinfluentialfactorsarefound,canthetranslatingmethodsbeusedbetter.Todrawaconclusion,thispaperisastudyoftwo-partallegoticsayingstranslationwithinthefunctionalequivalencetheoryandtheauthorhopesthatitwillmakeacontributiontothestudyoftwo-partallegoticsayingstranslationandhelpmoreandmoreforeignersknowwellaboutChineseculture,especiallyaboutChinesetwo-partallegoticsayingsinthefuture.誦终决懷区馱倆侧澩赜。However,somemistakesandshortcomingscanbefoundinthisthesisduetothelimitedtime.Firstly,theclassificationsoftwo-partallegoticsayingsarenotveryclear.Secondly,themethodsoftwo-partallegoticsayingstranslationarenotperfectbecausetranslatingactivitiesshoulddependontheconcretesituationandcontext.Thirdly,theanalysiscoveredalargerangeofelements,buttheyarenotdiscusseddeeplyenough.医涤侣綃噲睞齒办銩凛。-17- 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