A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Animal Proverbs 英汉动物谚语的对比研究 15页

15AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAnimalProverbsAComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAnimalProverbsI.IntroductionInLongmanModernEnglishDictionary,proverbis“abrieffamiliarmaximoffolkwisdom,usuallycompressedinform,ofteninvolvingaboldimageandfrequentlyajinglethatcatchesthememory.”Aproverb,whichsuccinctlysumsuphumanexperienceandobservationoftheworld,statesageneraltruthandgivesadviceorwarning.Aproverb,ofteninvolvingaboldimage,musicalrhythmandcompressedform,canbringvividnesstothereadersandsotheyareeasytorememberandspread.Proverbsaresummingupoffolkwisdom,theyareusuallypithy,andhaveuniversalappeals.Peoplelovetopickupproverbswhentheytrytoreasonthingsoutandtheproperuseofproverbscanmaketheirviewsmoreconvincing.Proverbsarethecrystalofthenationalwisdom.Theyareanimportantpartofanationallanguageandtheyappropriatelyreflecttherelationbetweencultureandlanguage.Theyhavebeenconnectedcloselywiththenationalcharacteristicseversincetheircomingintobeingandintheirdevelopment.Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatdifferentpeopleshavegreatdifferencesintheircultures.Butsincedifferentpeoplesliveonthesameearthwithroughlysimilarneedsandsomeofthemhaveevenexperiencedsimilarsocialdevelopmentstage,theirexperiences,emotionalreflectionandobservationoftheworldareinmanyaspectssimilar.Thisshowsthatdifferentpeoplesmayhaveculturalgeneralitybesidesculturaldifference.Proverbs,asthecreamofalanguage,inevitablycarrytheimprintofculturaldifferenceandgenerality.ThedifferenceandgeneralityrespectivelyleadtothedissimilaritiesandsimilaritiesbetweenEnglishandChineseanimalproverbsandmakingacomparativestudyofthemisofgreatsignificance.II.AnimalsProverbswithIdenticalMeanings 15AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAnimalProverbsSomeanimalproverbsinEnglishandChineseareidenticalinmeaning.Theproverbsinthiscategoryarelimitedinnumber.Theyaretheresultofeithercoincidenceortranslationloansfromonelanguagetoanother.Theseproverbsarenothinderedbynationalboundariesorculturebarriers,insteadtheyhavetakeonuniversalsignificance.Thefollowingaresomeexamples.1.English:Anassisknownbyhisears./Chinese:见耳识驴，听话知愚。2.English:Itisasadhousewherethehencrowslouderthanthecock.Chinese:牝鸡司晨，家之不详。ManyfactorshavecontributedtotheemergenceoffullycorrespondingpairsinEnglishandChineseproverbs.Firstly,althoughdifferentnationsliveinvariednaturalenvironmentsanddiversifiedgeographicconditions,theystillsharequitealotincommon.Theyhavemoreorlessthesamespeciesofanimals.Andthecommongroundofhumanculturesislargerthantheindividualfeatureofeachculture.Although,people’sconcretewaysoflifearevariedindifferentplaces,thefundamentalwaysoflivingandthinkingarethesameforthewholehumanrace.Secondly,owingtocultureexchange,translationloansareborrowedfromeachother,whicharenotlimitedtotherootideasbutsometimesincludethe“clothingoftheidea”.Asaresult,someproverbswithidenticalanimalimagecomeintoexistenceindifferentlanguage,forinstance,“Hewhoridesatigerisafraidtodismount”and“骑虎难下”.I.AnimalImageswithDifferentMeaningsinProverbsSomeEnglishandChineseproverbssharethesameimages,andpeopletakeitforgrantedthattheyshouldhavethesameconnotation,butactually,theycontain 15AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAnimalProverbsdifferentorevenoppositemeanings.Forexample,“Itisagoodhorsethatneverstumbles.”and“好马不失蹄”.Inthisexample,theEnglishproverb“It’sagoodhorsethatneverstumbles”,iseasytobetranslatedintoChinese“好马不失蹄”.Infact,theEnglishproverbmeansevenagoodhorsewillstumble,sotherighttranslationshouldbe“好马也有失蹄时”.Inthefollowingpart,thereasonsformisunderstandingsandthedifferentchoiceofanimalimageswillbeclarified.A.ReasonsformisunderstandingsFirstly,sometimes,theolduseofgrammarremainsintheproverbs,anditmaymisleadourcomprehension.Thepreservationoftheoldgrammaticalstructure“it’s...that...”issimilartothemodernstructureinform,butoppositeinmeaning.ThemisunderstandingoftheEnglishproverb“It’sagoodhorsethatneverstumbles”asChineseproverb“好马不失蹄”isduetothisoldgrammaticalstructure.Secondly,whenpeopleholddifferentviewsandattitudestoanimals,andtheirdifferentworldviewstowardthesamesituations,thesameanimalimagesmayhavedifferentorevenoppositemeaningsindifferentculture,andproverbscontainingthesameanimalimageswillpossiblyhavedifferentmeanings.TheseeminglycorrespondingEnglishandChineseproverbsmayhavedifferentconnotations.Forexample:“Dogeatsdog”and“狗咬狗”.“Dogeatsdog”isalwaysregardedas“狗咬狗”.Butactually“Dogeatsdog”referstothephenomenonthatpeoplehurtthoseofthesamegroup,while“狗咬狗”meansbadpeoplefightwithbadpeople,sothetwoproverbsmeandifferently.B.FactorsinfluencingthechoiceofanimalimagesinproverbsThelanguageshavesomeuniversality,butmoreimportantly,theyhavetheirownculturallyspecificfeatures.Theculturallyspecificfeaturesarecloselyrelatedto 15AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAnimalProverbstheirreligion,specialgeography,literatureandpsychology.1.DifferentreligiousbeliefsDifferentnationsusuallybelieveindifferentreligion.Thusproverbsofdiversenationssurelyexpressvariousreligiousbeliefs.Inthewest,BritainandAmericaareChristiancountrieswithalonghistory.AndChristianasthemainbeliefofthemhasalreadytakenrootsintheirlivesforages.ChristiansbelieveintheGod.TheGodistheuniqueandsupremegod,whilepeoplearebornwithasin,andarethesameandequalinthefaceoftheGod,sothecommonpeoplerespectandworshiptheGod,butdisregardthemajesty.“Acatmaylookataking”reflectsthiskindofthought.Furthermore,therearesomeanimalsendowedwithdifferentreligiousmeanings.InChristianitytheserpentisthesymbolofdevilandSatan,whilethelambisthesymboloftheGod’speopleandtimidity,andthedragonisthesymbolofevilanddanger.SerpententicedEvetostealfruitofTreeofconscienceandshethensharedwithAdam.IntheendtheytwowerekickedoutoftheGardenofEden.SoinEnglishproverbs,snakehasameaningofcunning.InChina,Buddhismhasbeenspreadoveronethousandyears,andtheBuddhistculturehasbeenmeltintothedailylifeoftheChineseforalongtime.Asaresult,itisverycommonthatquiteanumberofChinesebelieveinBuddhism.SomeChineseproverbsareaboutBuddhism.Thereareproverbsaboutthestrictsocialclassesandroles.Herearesomeexamples.狗肉烧酒穿肠过，佛在心中留。(Buddhainheart,wineandmeatwillpassthroughintestines.)狗咬吕洞宾，不识好人心。(Don’tsnapandsnarlatmewhenI’mtryingtodomybestforyou.)2.Differentgeographicconditions 15AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAnimalProverbsGeographicallyEnglandislocatedintheWesternHemisphere,whileChinaliesintheEasternHemisphere,thusEnglandandChinahavedifferentclimate.Theyformdifferentlivingstyles.Englandisanislandcountry,somostEnglishmanmakelivingsbyfisheryornavigation.Chineseformedtheirlivingstyle----farmingandstockrising.Therefore,thereareagreatmanydifferentproverbs.Firstly,therearesomeanimalproverbsaboutthespecialclimateinEngland.Ifthecockcrowsongoingtobed,he’ssuretorisewithawateryhead.(公鸡傍晚叫，早晨有雨到。)Marchcomesinwithadderheads,andgoesoutwithpeacocktails.(三月来如猛狮，去如羔羊。)Furthermore,fisheryandnavigationareofgreatimportancetoEnglishpeopleanditisnowonderthatplentyofEnglishproverbsareonfisheryornavigation,andalotonfishes.ButinChina,thefishdoesnotcarrysomanynationalmeanings.ThefollowingaresomeEnglishfishproverbs.Allisfishthatcomestohisnet.(进网都是鱼。)Fishbeginstostinkatthehead.(鱼烂头先臭。)1.DifferentliterarybackgroundsDifferentnationshavedifferentliterature,whichmakesupparticularculturalbackgroundsofproverbs.Onthebasisofthis,agreatmanyproverbsareoftensimpleinstructurebutdeepinmeaning.Inordertograspandtranslatetheirdeepmeaningsaccurately,wemustbeclearabouttheliterature.InChinesetherearealotofanimalproverbsoriginatedfromvariousclassicalworks,suchas:二者不可兼得，舍鱼而取熊掌.Ontheotherhand,Englishproverbsalsotakeinthequintessenceofmanyliteral 15AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAnimalProverbsworksandareinfactthewell-knownremarksofsomefamouswriters,suchassomeproverbsofShakespeare:Allcatslovefishbutfeartowettheirpaws.(欲吃龙肉，又怕下海。)Patienceperforceismedicineforamaddog.(不得已的忍耐是疯狗的药方。)Inbrief,bothChinaandEnglishhavetheirdiverseandcolorfulliterature,whichisvividlyreflectedintheirproverbsandaswellhaveconstitutedthehistoricalandculturalbackgroundsoftheirproverbs.Thuswheneverwetranslateproverbs,itishelpfulforustolookintohistoriesandoriginsoftheproverbsandmakeproperjudgmentsaccordingtothebackgrounds.1.DifferentpsychologiesAlthoughmankindsharesmanylifeexperiencesandthoughts,anddifferentculturesoccasionallyhavesomeculturaloverlaps,yetonthewholedifferentcultureshavedifferentpsychology,andpeopleofdifferentculturesholddifferentattitudestothesameanimals.Herewewilltakeanimalsforexamplestoexplainthedifferentpsychologyinproverbsofdifferentnations.Withthedevelopmentofhumansociety,manyanimalsplayanimportantroleinhumanlifeandsomeofthemhavebecomeaparticularkindofsymbolisminpeople’smind,andanimalsinvariouscountriessymbolizediversemeaning.Theconnotationsofanimalsinproverbsofonelanguagedonotcoincidewiththoseinotherlanguages.ThedifferentconnotativemeaningswhichtheanimalwordscarryindifferentcountriesarecalledculturalimplicationofthewordbythefamousChineseprofessorWangDechun,anotedlinguistathome.Nationalculturalmeaningisanessentialsignifiedmeaningofthewordstingedwithanethnicgroup’sculturalconnotations.InEnglishandChineseanimalimages,bothsimilaritiesanddifferencesexistinnationalculturalmeanings.Howeverthedissimilaritiesareabsolutewhilethesimilaritiesarerelative.BothuniversalityandindividualitylieindifferentculturalconnotationsloadedinEnglishandChineseanimalproverbs. 15AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAnimalProverbsI.AbriefIntroductionoftheProverbsInvolvedinSeveralKindsofAnimalsA.Proverbsofthedragon(龙)InChineseandwesternculture,dragonistheanimalexistedinthemythsandlegends.InChinadragonisthesymbolofauspicioushonor.ItisabrightcontrastthatinEnglishdragonisfundamentallyevilandcruel.InChineseculture,dragonssymbolizegoodluck,authority,noble,andprosperity.WeChineseareproudtocallourselves“descendantsofthedragon”.Inthefeudalsociety,dragonistheemblemoftheemperor;theemperorsthoughttheywererealdragonsandthesonsoftheheaven.TodaydragonisstillsupremeintheheartofChinesepeople.Chinaiscalled“OrientalDragon”;dragonisregardedasthetotemoftheChinesenation.Therearealotofproverbsaboutdragon,suchas“龙生龙，凤生凤”,“强龙压不过地头蛇”.Alltheseproverbsshowthatdragon(龙)isagreatpartintheChineseculture.However,inEnglishpeoplethinkthatdragonistherepresentativeoftheevil,aferociousmonster.ThedistinctionsbetweenChineseandEnglishculturemakesthesameanimalshavedifferentconnotationandthechoicesofanimalimagesarecompletelydifferent.Asaresultofthis,whenwewanttouseEnglishtoexpressthe“龙”,wemusttakethiskindofdistinctionintoconsideration.“亚洲四小龙”shouldbetranslatedas“fourtigers”insteadof“fourdragons”.B.Proverbswithword“bat”(蝙蝠)InEnglish-speakingcountries,folksthinkbatasanevilanimalanditisoftenusedwiththedarkandevilforce.SoinEnglish,proverbswithword“bat”commonlycontainderogatorysense.In“asblindasbat”,itbecomesatypicalimageofblindpersonwitheyesopen.Batalsohasevilmeaningsofbeingabsurdandodd.Weuse“havebatsinthebelfry”or“crazyasabat”tosaythatapersonisoffone’smind.I 15AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAnimalProverbsnthetraditionalChineseculture,bat(蝙蝠)ishomophonicwith“福”whichmeanshappiness,luck,andblessing.Therefore,oldbatwoodcarvingandembroiderywithbatsputuppeople’swishofblessingforauspiciousandhappylife.A.Proverbsofsheepandgoats(羊)BecauseoftheinfluenceofThebible,theimagesofsheepandgoatareaslikeasanappletoanoyster.Proverbsofgoatsareusuallyderogatory.“Playthegoat”istoactasafool.InThebible,ashepherdtriedtodistinguishsheepandgoats,andheplacedsheeprightandputgoatintheothersideinthatwildgoatsofteninfiltratedtheflocktoluresheep.Sothattheproverb“separatethesheepfromthegoats”istodividegoodorusefulpeoplefrombadoruselessones.IntheeyeofChinese,theytwobelongtothesamespecies,anddon’tanyspecialimpliedmeanings.TheUKisagraziery-developedcountryandpeoplethereprefertowoolproducts.Owingtothis,manywoolproverbsspringup.Herearesomeexamples:“pullthewooloverone’seyes”whichmeansusingpeople’sinnocencetomakeacheatintobeing,“goforwoolandcomehomeshorn”thathasthemeaningofovershootoneselfand“muchcryandlittlewool”theChinesemeaningofwhichis“雷声大，雨点小”.B.Proverbsoftheowl(猫头鹰)Owlisacleverandwittybirdwithwisdom,earnestandothercultureconnotations.Words,as“owlish”and“owlishly”,oftenapplytodescribeamantobesmart,resourcefulandserious.Alsoinchildren’sbooksandcomics,owlsareoftenveryintelligent.Whendisputeappears,theanimalswillaskowlstocoordinatewhenthereisanemergency.ButinChina,itistotallydifferent.Chinesethinkthatowlislinkedwithsuperstitiousbelieves,andpeopleareafraidofhearingtheirhootbecauseofafaiththatmanwillbeunfortunatewhenmeetingowls.SoaChineseproverb“ 15AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAnimalProverbs猫头鹰进宅，好事不来”meansadversityisupcoming.AnAmericanwomancametoChinaforthefirsttimeandknewlittleaboutwhatChinesethoughtofowls.Shelovedowlpinsverymuchandoftenworethem.Shefoundpeoplearoundheroftenpointatherwhensheworeowlpins.Moreover,someofthemevenstoppedtoaskhimwhysheworeowlpinswhichgreatlypuzzledher.OnlywhenaChinesetoldheraboutthesuperstitiousthoughtofowlinChineseeyes,didshestopwearingitinChina.A.Proverbsofthecat(猫)Thewesternerisoneoftheimportantmembersofthe“petculture”.Catisusedtodescribethefemale,model’sstagestepsontherunwaynamedcatwalk.“Oldcat”isoldwomanofbadtemper.“Barber’scat”isapersonwithastarvedlook.“Copycat”oftensaidbychildrenisametaphortokidscopyingothers.Thereisaproverbthat“whenthecatisaway,themousewillplay”.Ittellspeoplethatwhenapowerisabsent,otherswilllawlessandnaughty.CatinChinesedoesnothaveanysimilarusesinproverbs.But“山中无老虎，猴子称大王”havethesamemeaningwiththisproverb.Therearemuchmoreexamples,thefollowingexamplesarewidelyused.1)English:Acatmaylookataking./Chinese:小人物也有权利2)English:Allcatsaregreyinthedark./Chinese:不因为美丑就判断别人的好坏3)English:That’slikeputtingthecatnearthegoldfishbowl./Chinese:引狼入室EventhoughcatoccasionallyexistsinChinese,somecatproverbsarestillinuse.“猫改不了吃腥”iscommonlyappliedtoapersonwhocannotchangehislong-standinghabits.“吃猫食”isjusteatinglikebird.B.Proverbsofthedog(狗)Dogisawordthatoftenusedinproverbsandweshouldpaygreatattentionto. 15AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAnimalProverbsAsamatteroffact,peopleinwesterncountrieslovesdogmorethanus.Inthesecountriespeoplelovestokeepdogsandtheyusuallycallthemselforothersdogwithnomeaningofdog.Alsodogsaretitledwithalaudatorynameas“man’sbestfriend”inBritainandAmerica.SoinEnglishtherearemanyproverbofdogssuchas“Everydoghasitsday”,“Barkingdogseldombite”,“Dogdoesnoteatdog”,“youarealuckydog”.ButinChinese,manyproverbwithdogshavebadmeaningsandoftenassociatewithdisgustingthingssuchas“狗改不了吃屎”,“狗咬吕洞宾，不识好人心”,“挂羊头，卖狗肉”.Alltheseshowthatpeoplehavenogoodfeelingstodoginthepast.Someemployersdenypeoplebornintheyearofthedog.Theseproverbscontainaderogatorymeaningagainstdogs,andreflectpeople’sbadimpressiontothedog.I.ThePrinciplesintheTranslationofAnimalProverbsEnglishandChineseproverbsarefromvarioussources,andtheygiveinformationabouttheircultureonmanysocialsubjects,sothereisnecessityofastudyfortranslationofEnglishandChineseproverbstoacquiremoreinformationofdifferentnations.Translationisalsobecomingincreasinglyimportantasamediumofinternationalcommunication.AfaithfultranslationofEnglishandChineseproverbswillattractthetargetlanguagereadersnotonlyforitsvividandexpressivelanguage,butalsoformuchinterestinginformation.Therefore,thepurposeofproverbtranslationisn’tonlytoabsorbandintroducethevividexpressions,butalsotoenrichthetargetreaderswiththecultureofothernationsandtolearnthephilosophyandviewsoftheworldandlife.Forthispurpose,translatorsshallpaygreatattentiontokeepingthesenseandflavoroftheoriginalandacquirethehighestdegreeofculturalexchange.Thebesttranslationshallcontainboththeoriginalimageandtheconnotation.Traditionally,therearetwomajortranslationmethods:literaltranslationandfreetranslation.Literaltranslationfocusesonthesourcelanguage,referringtothe 15AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAnimalProverbstranslationbasedontheform,whilefreetranslationfocusesonthetargetlanguage,referringtothetranslationbasedonmeaning.Whichmethodshallbemoreimportant,andbeputatthefirstplace?Translatorshavebeenarguingoverthequestionforalongtime.Thoughtherearenotsetrulesfortranslatinganimalimages,translationprinciplesdoesexist.Theyareculturalequivalenceandvalidityprinciples.A.CulturalequivalenceprincipleAsfarastheculturaltransmissionisconcerned,itimpliesconveyingasmuchaspossibletheoriginalculturalinformationinthetranslatedtextsinordertoachievethehighestdegreeoflanguage-culturecorrespondencebetweenthesourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.“Equivalenteffect”intranslationincludeslinguisticequivalence,stylisticequivalenceandsocio-culturalequivalence.Withthedevelopmentoflinguisticsandtheincreasingdegreeofcommunicationbetweendifferentcultures,thesocio-culturalequivalenceisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Thetranslatorsarenotsatisfiedwithonlytransmittingthemeaning,buttheywanttohaveanintegrationofbothmeaningandform.Theywanttointroducetheoriginalformandmeaningtoforeignland.Intermsoftransmittingculturalimages,culturalequivalenceincludesequivalenceofboththesuperficialformandthedeepculturalcontent.Inimagetranslation,toconveytheformandthecontentdetermineswhetherthesuperficialinformationorthedeepconnotativeinformationofaculturalimageisconveyed.Thebestwaytoconveyculturalimagesistocombinetheformequivalenceandthecontentequivalence.However,culturalequivalencedoesnotmeanstrictorrigidadherencetotheoriginalimages.Iftheformalequivalenceandthecontentequivalencecannotbeachievedatthesametime,thetranslationshouldbeflexible,andtheycouldgiveprioritytothecontentequivalence,andtrytheirbesttoconveythecultural 15AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAnimalProverbsinformationcontainedintheformalimage.Otherwise,therigidadherencetotheoriginalformwillnotgetculturalequivalenceinthetruesense.Thefocusishowtochangeformsproperlyinreproducingsimilareffectssoastoconveyculturalinformationtothelargestextent.A.ValidityprincipleAsfarasimagetransmissionisconcerned,thevalidityprinciplemeanstheconveyedculturalinformationmustbevalidwhenatranslatortrieshisbesttoaccomplishculturalequivalenceprinciple.Thevalidityprinciplerequiresinthefirstplacetranslatorsshouldneitherover-domesticatenorover-foreignizeculturalimages,soastoavoidimageryconfrontationandachieveimageryacceptability.Thevalidityprincipleandculturalequivalenceprincipleareinterrelatedwithandinterdependentoneachother,butthevalidityprincipleismoreconcernedwiththetargetlanguagereaders.Ifthetranslatedimagemakesnosensetothetargetlanguagereadersorcausesmisunderstandingtothem,alltheworkdonebythetranslatorisfutile.Forexample:“It’srainingcatsanddogs”.Ifwetranslateitinto“天上下猫和狗了”,thetranslationwillbeabsurdtoChinesepeople.Althoughtheoriginalimagesarekept,thetranslationisinvalid,sothebettertranslationmaybethedeletionoftheoriginalimages:“天上下着瓢泼大雨”.Inconclusion,thetranslationofculturalimageiscomplex.Weshalltryourbesttoknittheforeignizationanddomesticationflexibly,andfollowtheprinciplesofculturalequivalenceandvalidity.I.ConclusionThetranslationofproverbsandanimalimagesisreallyacomplexanddelicatework.Itshouldbekeptinmindthatthemainpurposeoftranslationistotransmitdifferentcultures.Intranslation,thetraitsofcultureshallberemainedasmuchaspossible,andthetwoprinciplesofculturalequivalenceandvalidityshouldbe 15AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAnimalProverbsfollowed.Astranslators,weshalltryourbesttofindthemostappropriatetranslationwhichisnotonlyfaithfultothemeaning,butalsokeepstheoriginalculturalcolors.Thereisnotasettledwayastowhatkindoftranslationisthebestbecausethecultureisforeverchangingwiththetime.Theformerlystrangeproverbsmaybeconsideredasnaturalwiththewideningcommunicationandrapidglobalization.Thereforethetranslationofproverbsshallalwayscatchupwiththetime.Translationshouldalsobeinharmonywiththekindofthewritingandpurposeofwriting.Also,thetranslationofthesameproverbandthesameanimalimagemaybedifferentifthecontextchanges,sometimesoriginalcolorsshallbekept,butsometimestheyshouldbedeleted. 15AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAnimalProverbsBibliography[1]Bassett.CulturalElementsinTranslation[J].TranslationJournal,1980,6(3):22-26.[2]NationalResearchCouncil.ChinaandGlobalChange:OpportunitiesforCollaboration[M].Washington:Natal.Acad.,1992.[3]Newmark,Peter.ApproachestoTranslation[M].NewYork:PergamonPress,1982.[4]Nida,E.A.Language,CultureandTranslating[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,2001.[5]Samovar,Porter.InterculturalCommunication[M].NewYork:WadsworthPublishingCompany,1997.[6]陈骋.汉英习语的文化差异及其翻译[J].江西社会科学,2002,(12):28-32.[7]陈建芳.论英语动物词的语义特征与翻译[J].湘潭大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1998,(2):27-36.[8]丁菲菲.交际中的文化动物词及翻译策略[J].集美大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2001,(4):12-14.[9]丁军.实用英语翻译[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:34-35.[10]何善芬.英语语言对比研究[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2002.[11]李桂玲.英汉谚语的语音结构与修辞[J].重庆交通学院学报.2002,(2):48-52.　[12]李青.动物类谚语和习语的翻译[J].昌潍师专学报,2001,(3):43-47.[13]李悦.英汉动物词的文化内涵比较及其翻译[J].中南大学学报(社会科学版),2003,(5):23-25.[14]刘金生.英汉动物词语文化内涵及差异[J].莱阳农学院学报(社会科学版),2000,(1):13-14.[15]欧忆,贾德江.英汉动物类习语比较及其翻译[J].中国科技翻译,2001,(4):26-28.[16]彭庆华.英语习语研究——语用学视角[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2007.[17]平洪,张国杨.英语习语与文化[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2000.[18]覃先美.英语动物文化考释[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2002.[19]汪福祥,蔡坚.英语谚语妙用500例[M].北京:外文出版社,2001.[20]王德春.汉英谚语与文化[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2003.[21]王晓丽.动物形象英语成语的翻译[J].齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2002,(5):32-33.[22]徐宏亮.英汉比喻喻体的国俗语义比较[J].广西社会科学,2003,(9):58-61.[23]杨自俭.英汉语比较与翻译[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2002. 15AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAnimalProverbs[1]张培基.英汉翻译教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1991.[2]张廷芳.狗年话狗[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2006.[3]朱文俊.现代英语语言和文化研究[M].北京:北京语言学院出版社,1994.AcknowledgementsFirst,IwouldliketoextendmysincerethankstoalltherespectedprofessorsandteachersfromwhomIhavelearnednotonlytheknowledgebutalsothewayofrelateddisciplines,andseriousattitudetodoresearchwork.Second,Iwouldliketoexpressmyheartyappreciationtomyteacherandfortheirrigorousandexpertdirection.Theireffectiveguidanceresearchenabledmetoimplementtheworksmoothly.Theirinsightfulcommentsonthestudyhavebeenbothencouragingandhelpful.Theirconstanthelpandcarehavealwaysinspiredmetolearnmore.Theirkindnessalsooffersmelotsofgoodmaterials.Thirdly,Iwouldliketothankthelibrariansinourcampuslibrary,fortheyhavehelpedmetofindvariousreferencebooksneededformystudy.