English proverb and its translation 英语谚语及其翻译 18页

ContentsAbstract………………………………………………………………………2Keywords……………………………………………………………………………2摘要………………………………………………………………………………2关键词…………………………………………………………………………21.Introduction………………………………………………………………………32.Thedefinitionofproverb…………………………………………………………33.ThefeatureofEnglishproverb…………………………………………44.ThefunctionofEnglishproverb…………………………………………75.CulturalbackgroundsofEnglishproverb…………………………………75.1Traditionalcustoms…………………………………………………………85.2Religion…………………………………………………………………95.3Historicalstoriesandliteraryworks………………………………106.TranslationStrategiesofEnglishproverbs…………………………106.1Literaltranslation………………………………………………………116.2FreeTranslation………………………………………………………126.3Combinationofliteralandfreetranslation………………………………136.4Substitutiontranslation…………………………………………147.Conclusion…………………………………………………………15references………………………………………………………………………1618 EnglishproverbanditstranslationAbstract：Asaparticularpartoflanguage,proverbsareconcretefragmentofwisdomresultsofobservationandembodimentsofuniversaltruths.Theyarepithy,comprehensiveandfulloffiguresofspeechandserveasamirrorofthehistoricalandculturalconceptionsofasocialcommunity.Readerscanenrichthemselveswithplentifulinterestinginformationofotherculturesbyfamiliarizingthemselveswithproverbs.However,whenproverbsarebeingtranslated,translatorsareoftenconfrontedwithdifficultiessuchasretainingthecharacteristicsaswellastheimagesandnationalflavoroftheoriginalintranslation.ThisthesisintendstostudythetranslationofEnglishproverbs.Throughthestudyingofdefinition,featuresandfunctionsofproverbs,theauthorfindsoutthebackgroundofEnglishproverb.Onthatbasis,theauthorcomestoaconclusionthatifwewanttotranslateproverbswell,wemustunderstanditsculturalbackgroundandlearnsomebasictranslationskills,suchasliteraltranslation,freetranslation,combinationliteraltranslationwithfreetranslationandsubstitution.Then,duringtranslation,wecannotonlyshowtheculturalbackground,butalsoexpresstheoriginalmeaning,keepthenationalflavorandstylisticcharacteristicsoftheoriginalintranslationandmakethetranslationgosmoothly.Keywords:proverbs,background,translation摘要：英语谚语是民间广为流传的一种较为定型的语句，它语言精练、意蕴隽永、凝集着人民群众的生活实践经验，是英语词汇海洋里的瑰宝。它充满各种动人的修辞，反映英语国家民族的文化和历史观念。通过了解谚语，读者能够获得大量的其它文化中有趣的信息，然而译者在翻译时常常面临着保留原有谚语的特点、形象和民族风格的难题。18 本文旨在对英语谚语的汉译策略作些探讨。文章从谚语的定义、特征及其功能入手，探讨谚语的文化背景。在此基础上，提出英语谚语要翻译得好，译者必须要了解其文化背景，同时也要学会采用恰当的方法进行翻译。具体的翻译方法有：直译、意译、直译和意译相结合以及替代。这样，在英语谚语的汉译过程中不仅揭示其文化背景，而且尽可能忠实的表达原文的思想内容，保持原文的民族特色和修辞效果，做到语言通顺流畅，具有谚语特点。关键词：谚语，背景，翻译1.IntroductionAsaparticularkindoflanguage,proverbshavethedistinctivefeaturesofculture.Theynotonlymakethelanguagericher,butalsomakecommunicationmuchmoreeffectiveandofteneasier.HowtotranslatetheEnglishproverbsefficiently?Manytranslatorsareharassedbythisissue,especiallytheEnglishlearners.Themajorityofscholarsdiscussitintheaspectsofetymology,contrastsbetweenEnglishandChinese,rhetoric,thetransfertheoryandsoon.Theytouchupontheculturalinterferencealitter.Becauseofthecloserelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureandtheeffectsproducedbymotherlanguage,ChinesestudentscombineChinesetraditionalthinkinghabits,valuesandsoonunavoidablyintotheproverbstranslation.Therefore,theinferencestakeshapeandthetranslationisdoneinChinglish..Thisauthorholdsthatconnotationisthekeyofaffectingefficientproverbstranslationbecauselanguageandculturearewellblendedasmilkandwater.Inordertolearnalanguage,onemuststudytheculturethelanguagereflectsandknowthedifferencesbetweenthenationalcultureandtheforeignoneandthemanifestationshowedinlanguage.ThispaperwillanalyzeitfromtheEnglishproverbs’definition,source,features,andfunctionsanddiscussthetranslationofEnglishproverbsfromacultureperspective.What’smore,itpointsouttheimportanceofdealingwiththeculturedifferencesandconnotations.Beingageminlanguageandculture,proverbsaresomethingthatmightnotbeunderstoodbyforeignreader.ToChinesepeople,manyproverbsarehardtounderstand.ForinstancetheEnglishproverb-thecamelgoingtoseekhornslosthis18 ears(inChinese:贪心不足，反而吃亏)cancertainlymakemanyChinesereaderconfused,sincemanyChinesehardlyknowthewisdom’sname.theyareimplicitorseriousandelegant.Theyarenotonlycompendious,butalsofullofwitandhumor,whichbringpeoplerealenjoyment.BothChineseandEnglishlanguagesaboundwithproverb,manyofwhichbearfiguresofspeechandhavestrongculturefeature.Iftheyaretranslatedappropriately,notonlycantheoriginalspiritandmeaningbeconveyed,understood,andacceptedbythetargetlanguagereader,butalsothestocksofChineseandEnglishexpressioncanberich.2.ThedefinitionofproverbAccordingtodedefinitionofthemodernChinesedictionary,proverbsarethefixedsentencesthatarespreadamongpeopleandreflecttheprofoundmeaningsbysimpleandpopularexpressions.AndMaGuofansayssomethingaboutthedifferencesbetweenproverbsandidiomsasfollows:(1)Proverbsaremainlyoral,whileidiomsaremainlywritten.(2)Thestructureofproverbsarehardertobecomesetthanthoseofidioms.(3)Themajorityofproverbsisindependentsentencesorbecomeindependentofsentences,whichidiomsareusedaswordsinpracticalspeech.(4)Proverbsmainlygivejudgmentsandinference,whichidiomsusuallyexpressgeneralideas.InDengYanhangandLiuRunqing’slanguageandcultureproverbaresaidtobesortsayingoffolkwisdom-of–well-knownfactsortruth-expressedsuccinctlyandinawaythatmakesthemeasytoremember.Becausethesayingsaresopithy,theyhaveuniversalappeal.(邓炎昌，刘润清42)“proverbsmayprovideinterestinglittleglimpseorcluestoapeople’sgeography,history,socialorganization,socialviews,andattitudes.Peoplewholivealongseacoastsandwhoselivelihoodisdependentontheseawillhaveproverbsaboutsailing,bravingtheweather,fishandfishing.Nomadicpeople,suchastheArabs,willhavesayingaboutthedessertorpasture-land,sheepandhorsesorcamels,wolvesandjackals.Inculturewhereoldageis18 respected,therewillbeproverbsaboutthewisdomoftheelders.Andinsocietieswherewoman’sstatusislowtherewillbeanumberofsayingsshowingthem.”Inotherword,proverbsarethepopularshort,pithysayingsthatexpressaprofoundpercept.Itisthecrystallizationofpeople’swisdom,andishandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.3.ThefeaturesofEnglishproverbsAsmentionedintheChineseandEnglishProverbsandCulture,ithasseveralfeatures:(1)Aproverbisthelinguisticvocabularyunitandisonekindoftheidiomaticphrases.(2)Languagecharacteristics:Aproverbisthefixedsentencethathasrelativelycompletemeantime.Ithasmiterandrhymescheme.Thechoicesofwordsarepopular.Thefiguresofspeecharevivid.Anditisconciseandtothepoint.(3)Contentcharacteristics:Aproverbisthevaluableresultsofpeople’slivingexperienceandtheglisteningofpeople’swisdom,whichcoversspecialculturaldetailedcontent.(4)Source:Generallyspeaking,aproverbcomesfrompeople’slivingexperience.Itsmainsourceisfolkorallanguage.Andsomecomefromwrittendocuments,suchasreligiousclassicsandliterature.AsBaoHuinansaysintheCulturesituationandLanguageTranslation,therearethreemainfeaturesoftheproverb.First,ithasconcisewordsandtidysentencestructure.Second,ithasharmonioussoundandcanbereadfluentlyandsmoothly.Third,ithasvividmetaphorsanddeep-goingimplications.(包惠南160)Inconclusion,proverbsaretidyandeasytounderstand,asillustratedinthefollowingexamples.Example1:Englishversion:Nomill,nomeal.Chineseversion:不劳动者不得食Example2:18 Englishversion:Strikewhiletheironishot.Chineseversion:趁热打铁Example3:Englishversion:Harmset,harmget.Chineseversion:害人反害己Besides,proverbs’languageisfixedandtidy.Example4:Englishversion:Manproposes,Goddisposes..Chineseversion:某事在天，成事在人Example5:Englishversion:It’snowornever.Chineseversion:机不可失Example6:Englishversion:Painisgain.Chineseversion:有劳就有获Thirdly,proverbshavecomplicatedimplications.Example7:Englishversion:Timeismoney.Chineseversion:一寸光阴一寸金Example8:Englishversion:It’salonglanethathasnoturning...Chineseversion:路有弯，事有变Example9:Englishversion:Alitterpotissoonhot...Chineseversion:壶小易热，量小易变Example10:Englishversion:Kingshavelongarms(hands).Chineseversion:王权及四海Example11:18 Englishversion:Kingshavenomistakes.Chineseversion:君王无过错Example12:Englishversion:Kingshavemanyearsandmanyeyes.Chineseversion:国王耳目多Theseexamplesshowtheking’sgreatpowerintheoldhistory.Also,aproverbshowsthereligion’sideas.Example13:Englishversion:thenearerthechurch,thefartherfromGod.Chineseversion:离教堂越近，离上帝越远。Example14:Englishversion:Christmascomesbutonceayear.Butwhenitcomesitbringsgoodcheer.Chineseversion:圣诞节一年一度，带来欢乐无数。Example15:Englishversion:allarenotsaintsthatgotochurch.Chineseversion:前往教堂听道者，未必个个是圣徒。Example16：Englishversion:tohelpalamdogoverastile.Chineseversion:帮助一只瘸腿的狗跳跃篱笆；帮人度过难关。Example17：Englishversion:Agooddogdeservesagoodbone.Chineseversion:好狗应得好骨头；有功者受赏。Example18：Englishversion：heisaluckydog.Chineseversion:他是个幸运儿。Inconclusion,aproverbenlightenslife,guidespeople’behavior,teachesexperiences,givesmorallessons,anddoespropagandaandagitationandsoon.What’smore,differentculturehasentrusteddifferentmeaningstoitslanguages.As18 languageisthecarrieroftheculture,theEnglishproverbsperformtheirownfunctions.4.ThefunctionsofEnglishproverbsEverynationhastheirownwaytoexpresstheirfeelingsespeciallywhentheyareworking,suchastheworksongtosynchronizemovementsandalleviatefatigue,withonepersonleadingandtheothersrespondinginchorusandbrief,simpleandvibrantfolksongsungduringworkinthefieldsorinthemountainareas,popularinruralormountainareasinsouthChina.Soistheproverb.Aproverbsummarizespeople’sexperienceandlessonslearnedindailylife.Itismorevividandacceptablethanpreachingtosomebody.Ifweuseproverbsinourconversationorwritingproperly,itwillmaketheconversationorwritingmorebeautiful.Anditwillmaketheconversationgoonsmoothlyandmaketheatmospheremorefriendlyandactive.Itisjustliketheepigramthattellsageneraltruthorgiveslessonstous.Nomatteryouareknowledgeableornot,youcanmanagetouseit.Moreover,proverbinflectsthehistoryofacertainperiod.5.CulturalbackgroundsofEnglishproverbsProverbsarebasedanation’suniqueculturalbackgrounds.Humanculturehasmuchincommon,butalsohasmuchindifference.Thedifferencesofthetraditionalcustoms,religionsandhistoricalstoriesandsomeotherliteratureworksmakeproverbshavestrongculturalcharacteristics.Ifwewanttomasteraforeignlanguage,wemustknowthespecialtyoftheforeigncountry’sculturalbackgrounds.Inthefollowingpart,wewilltalkabouttheculturalbackgroundsofEnglishproverbs:traditionalcustoms,religionandhistoricalstoriesandsomeotherliteratureworks,whichwillhelpusunderstandtheEnglishproverbswell,thentranslatethempreciselyandfaithful5.1.Traditionalcustoms  everynationhasitsowntraditionalculture,inwhichitsowntraditionalcustoms,aredifferentfromothers.Thesedifferencesreflectthebrightnationalfeelingandcharacteristics.Forexample,peoplefromdifferentnationshavedifferentfeelingstothesameanimal.5.1.1Bat18 InChina,batstandsfor“happiness”.BecauseinChinese,thepronunciationof“蝠”isthesameas“福”(happiness),Chinesepeoplethinkthatbatisaluckythingmeaninghappiness.Onthecontrary,batstandsforanunluckythinginBritain,whichwecanseefrommanyEnglishproverbs.Forexample,“Asblindasabat.有眼无珠”.5.1.2DogInChina,althoughsomepeoplefeeddogs,mostpeopleabhoranddespitethiskindofanimalpsychologically.Theyoftencomparedogswithbadpeopleorsomedisgustedthings.Onthecontrary,Englishmenlikedogs,becausetheythinkthatdogscanhuntwiththemandlooktheirhomes.Theyregarddogsastheircompanionsandpets.Therefore,inmanyEnglishproverbs,Britishpeopleoftencomparedogswithpeople.Examples:1.Beatthedogbeforethelion.                             杀鸡给猴看。2.Betterbetheheadofadogthanthetailofalion.宁为鸡头，勿为凤尾。3.Loveme,lovemydog. 爱屋及乌5.1.3DragonDragonisanimaginaryanimalwithwingsandclaws,abletobreatheoutfire.InChina,dragonisregardedasanauspiciousdeitystandingforemperor.SoChinesepeopleadoreitverymuch,andcomparethemselveswithdragon,suchas“炎黄子孙”,“龙的传人”and“望子成龙”.ButinBritishmythology,dragonisafierceandcruelanimalwithfourfeet,whichisasynonymofevil.SodragonisaderogatorysenseinBritain.Forexample,tosowdragon’steeth，播下不和的种子；tochasethedragon.服用鸦片／海洛因。5.2.Religion5.2.1ChristianityweallknowthatBuddhismhasgreatinfluenceonChineseculture.Sothereare18 烧香，临是抱佛脚”.However,BritainisanationwhichisinfluenceddeeplybyChristianity.TherearemanyEnglishproverbsreferringtoGod,heaven,devil,hell,etc.Examples：1.Gothroughhellandhighwater. 赴汤蹈火。2.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者，神助之。3.Manproposes,Goddisposes. 谋事在人,成事在天. 5.2.2Bible     weallknowthatBibleisabookreferringtoChristianity,anditisalsoanessentialbookineveryEnglishfamily.Eventhoughinasmallpoorvillage,youwillfindthatthereisaBibleineveryfarmer’sausterehouse.Obviously,BiblehascontrolledEnglishpeople’sspiritandeveryaspectoftheirlife,whichhasbeenreflectedinmanyEnglishproverbs.Forexample,ForcefulasSamson像参孙一样力大无比,(朱艳，2002).SamsonisoneofthemostfamousgiantsinBible.Hewasfullofplentifulenergy,whichGodJehovahgavehim.Samsononcemangledalionwithoutanyweaponasherippedalittlelamb.Moreover,heonceusedajawboneofanasstokill1000Philistines.Unfortunately,Philistinesseizedhim,andtheyscratchedhiscoupleofeyes.Withgreatangry,SamsonpushedoverPhilistine’shouse,whichjustsmashed3000Philistines.Atthesametime,hewasalsosmashedbythefallenhouse.Therefore,inBritain,Samsonsymbolizespersonwhoiswithgreatenergy.TherearemanyEnglishproverbscomingfromBible.Forexample,1.Beardthelioninhisden. 老虎嘴里拔牙，太岁头上动土。2.Thereisnothingnewunderthesun. 天地之大，无奇不有。18 3.Castyourpearlsbeforeswine. 对牛弹琴.Biblehasfiguredmanypeoplewithvividindividuality.Now,weknowthatBibleplaysanimportantpartinBritishpeople’slife.IfwedonotknowtheliteratureillusionsandproverbsfromBible,wecannotstudyEnglishwell.So,ifyouwanttotranslatevividlyandconcisely,pleasereadBible！Itwillgiveyougreathelp.5.3.Historicalstoriesandliteraryworks    weallknowthateverynationhasitsowncultureandhistory,soeverynationhasitsownuniqueliteratureworks.InChina,ConfucianismandTaoisminfluencepeoplegreatly.However,inBritain,peopleareinfluencedgreatlybyGreecefables,Aesop’sfablesandsomeotherliteratureworks,suchasShakespeare’sworks,andmanyproverbsareoriginatedfromthem.Therefore,ifwedonotknowthesehistoricalstorieswell,wecannottranslateprecisely.TakeanEnglishproverboriginatedfromAesop’sfablesasanexample,“Donotbeadoginthemanger”站着茅坑不拉屎,(朱艳，2002).Thestoryislikethis,adoggrabsthebattle’smangerwithoutmakinggooduseofit,anditnevereatsthehaythatthecattlewantstoeat.Sothisproverb’sconnotationistosatireapersonwhocommandeerswealth,resourceandpositionwithoutmakinggooduseofthem.Meanwhile,heimpedimentstheotherpeopletoownthem.Therearemanyproverbsofthiskind.Thefollowingareasexamples, 1.Hehasburnthisbridgesbehindhim.破釜沉舟，背水一战。 ItisoriginatedfromahistoricalstoryinRoman.3.Happyisthemanwholearntfromthemisfortunesofothers.前车之鉴，后人之福。 ItisoriginatedfromAesop’sFables5.WhenGreeksmeetGreeks,thencomesthetugofwar.两雄相争，其争必烈。ItisoriginatedfromGreecefables.6.TranslationStrategiesofEnglishproverbsFromtheabovediscussion,weknowthatproverbshavebrightcultural18 backgroundsandethnicandgeographicalcharacteristics.IfwedonotmasterenoughEnglishculturalbackgrounds,wecannotunderstandtheirtruemeaningsandconnotations.Whenwetranslateproverbs,weshouldfirstdealwiththediscrepancybetweenlanguageandculture.Weshouldnotonlytranslatetheproverb’sconnotation,formandeloquence,butalsotheethnicandlocalcharacteristics.Onlyinthisway,canwetranslatetheproverbsexactlyandaccurately.Accordingtothedifferentcharacteristicsofproverbs,wewillmainlyintroducefourtranslationmethods―literaltranslation,substitutiontranslation,freetranslationandcombinationofliteralandfreetranslation.6.1.LiteraltranslationLiteraltranslation,whichisamaintranslationmethod,meansweneedtotranslateproverbsliterally.SomeEnglishproverbsandChineseproverbshavethesameformandmeaning,andtheseEnglishproverbsdonothavetoomanyculturalbackgrounds.Itiseasyforthereaderstounderstandthem.Whentranslatingthiskindofproverbs,wecantranslatethemliterally.Thisapproachcannotonlykeeptheoriginalproverb’sformandmeaning,butalsocanbeeasilyunderstoodbyreaders.Whatisimportantofall,literaltranslationcantransplanttheEnglishproverbsintoChineseculture.WeallknowthatEnglishproverbshavemanyfreshexpressivemethodsandcomparisons.WecanintroducethesefreshexpressivemethodsandcomparisonsintoChina.Finally,theseEnglishproverbswillenrichChineselanguageandculture.Nowwewillgivesomeproverbswithtwokindsoftranslations--thefirstoneisfreetranslationandthesecondoneisliteraltranslation.1.Anunfortunatemanwouldbedrownedinateacup. 倒霉的人经不起风浪。（一人倒霉，一杯茶也能淹死。）2.Bindthesackbeforeitbefull. 凡事适可为止。（带子装满前要扎住。）3.Drawnotyourbowtillyourarrowisfixed. 18 三思而后行。（箭没搭好，先别拉弓。）4.Whenthecatisaway,themicewillplay. 阎王不在，小鬼跳梁。（猫儿不在，老鼠成精。）5.Learntocreepbeforeyouleap. 按部就班，循序渐进。（先学爬，再学走。）　Fromtheaboveexample,wecanseethatliteraltranslationcankeeptheoriginalproverb’svividcomparison.Itisnotonlyeasierforpeopletounderstand,butalsocanenrichourChineselanguageandculture.6.2FreeTranslationEverycountryhasitsownuniqueculture.Soeverynation’scustoms,experienceandobservationaredifferent.Englishproverbscontainsomeuniquehistoricalstoriesandculturalbackgrounds,andourChinesepeoplearenotfamiliarwiththecomparisonsintheseEnglishproverbs.Ifwetranslatethemliterallywithexplanationsorfootnotes,thetranslationmayexpresstheoriginalproverb’sliteralmeaning,butthistranslationmakesproverbslosetheircharacteristics—concisewords,precisestructure,shortform,etc.Meanwhile,wecannotfindtheChineseproverbwiththesamemeaningtotranslateit.Inthissituation,weshouldusefreetranslationmethod.Forexample,“ChooseawifeonaSaturdayratherthanaSunday”(包通法﹑徐洁，2002).Ifwetranslateitliterallylikethis,“择妻宜在星期六，不宜在星期日”,itisverydifficultforourChinesepeopletounderstandit,becausethisproverbimpliesBritishreligiouscustom.InBritain,peoplebelieveChristianity,everySundaypeoplewilltakeofftheirworkingsuits,andputontheirbestbeautifulclothesgoingtothechurchtodochurch,and“aSaturday”meanstheworkingdays.Thisproverbimpliesthatwhenpeoplechoosegirlfriend,heshouldpayattentiontoherusualbehaviorsratherthanherbeautifulappearance.Soifwetranslateitaccordingtoitsconnotationlikethis,择妻宜重德，不可只重貌/择妻看平时，不宜重衣着,itiseasierforourChinesepeopletounderstandit.18 TherearemanyEnglishproverbstranslatedfreely.Forexample,     1.Twocanplaythegame.孤掌难鸣。2.Newbroomsweepsclean. 新官上任三把火。3.Therearemorewaysofkillingacatthanbychokingitwithcream. 别在一棵树上吊死。4.Experienceisthebestteacher. 经一事，长一智。5.Acontentedmindisaperpetualfeast.知足常乐。6.Beggarscantbechoosers.饥不择食。6.3CombinationofliteralandfreetranslationWhentranslatingEnglishproverbs,wewillfindaproblemthatsomeEnglishproverbshavecomplicatedhistoricalandculturalbackgrounds.Ifweadoptliteraltranslationmethod,itcanexpresstheproverb’sliteralmeaning,butitcannotexpresstheprimaryproverb’sconnotationwell;ifweusefreetranslationmethod,thoughitsconnotationiswellexpressed,thevividcomparisonwillbelost.Inthissituation,weshouldtranslateproverbsbycombiningliteralandfreetranslation.Thismethodwillmakethetranslationexpressboththeprimaryproverb’sliteralmeaningandconnotation.Forexample,“Acathasninelives”猫有九条命，竹有千重根(王书亭、王建明，2004).InBritain,peopleholdareligiousviewthatcathasstronglifepower,becausewhenpeoplethrowitdownfromahighplace,thecatcanstandfirmlyonthefloorwithoutbeinginjured.Moreover,catisverycleverandflexible,soitisdifficulttokillit.Sopeopleusetheproverb“Acathasninelives”toimplypeoplewhohavestronglifepowerorpeoplewhocanescapefromdangeroussituationeasily.However,inChina,ourChinesepeopledonotknowthestory.Ifwetranslatethisproverbliterallylikethis,“猫有九条命”,itisverydifficultforour18 Chinesepeopletounderstandtheconnationoftheproverb;ifwetranslateitbyfreetranslationlikethis,“竹有千重根”,itiseasyforourChinesepeopletounderstandtheconnationoftheproverb,butitisverydifficultforourChinesepeopletounderstandwhyEnglishpeoplecomparecatwithpeoplehavingstronglifepower.Inthissituation,weshouldtranslateitbycombinationofliteralandfreetranslationlikethis,“猫有九条命，竹有千重根”,whichwillmakethetranslationkeepbothitsliteralmeaningandconnotation.Therearemanyproverbsofthiskind,forexample,1.Asingleflowerdoesnotmakeaspring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。2.Neverbuyapiginapoke.雾里看花，走眼；隔袋买猪，受骗。3.Stillwaterrundeep. 水静流深，人静心深。4.Neverdothingsbyhalves. 半途而废不成事，善始善终成大业。5.Moneybegetsmoney. 钱生钱，利生利。6.Adrowningmanwillcatchastraw. 溺水抓稻草，病急乱投医。6.4SubstitutiontranslationSubstitutiontranslation,whichmeansweusetheChineseproverbwiththesamemeaningtotranslateEnglishproverb.Weallknowthathumanculturehasmuchindifference,butalsohasmuchincommon.Proverbsareproducedinpeople’sworkinganddailylife.Therefore,humanbeing’sexperienceandobservationhavemuchincommon,whicharereflectedonproverbs.ManyEnglishandChineseproverbshavethesamemeaning,connotationandpersuadingway.Inthissituation,weshouldtranslatethembysubstitutiontranslation.Forexample,“Wallhaveears”(白纯，2003)，whichhasthesamemeaningandconnotationwiththeChineseproverb,“隔墙有耳”,soweshouldchoose18 substitutiontranslationmethod.Therearemanyproverbsofthiskind,forexample,  1.Strikewhiletheironishot. 趁热打铁。2.Constantdroppingwearsthestone. 滴水穿石。3.Misfortunesnevercomealone. 祸不单行。7.ConclusionProverbisavividcarrierofacountry’shistoryandculture．Itisthewisdomofpeoplefromallwalksoflife．Bacon,afamousEnglishphilosopheroncesaid,“Thegenius,witandspiritofanationarediscoveredinitsproverbs”.(谚语是一个民族天才,智慧和精神的体现.)Proverbshowsthedevelopmentofeverysociety．Englishproverb,likesamirror,canreflectanation’swholeculture,anditisalsolikeawindow,whichcandisplaythenation’sculture.Awell-translatedproverbcannotonlyteach,enlightenandpersuadepeople,butalsocanenrichourChineselanguageandculture.Englishproverbshavethecharacteristicsofconcisestructure,shortform,precisewords,deepmeaning,vividcomparison,andbrightethnicandgeographicalcharacteristics.Inaddition,Englishproverbshavedistinctiveculturalbackgrounds.TheyreflectBritishnation’straditionalcustoms,religion,andfablesandmyth,etc.AlltheseelementscausethedifficultyoftranslatingEnglishproverbs. Themostimportantthingoftranslatingproverbsaretheexacttranslationoftheconnotationoftheoriginalarticle，andgiveconsiderationtotheliteralmeaningunderthesituationofnoculturalconflict，andactuallytranslatetheappreciationorthedepreciationoftheoriginalarticleaccordingtotheconcretelanguagesituation．WhentranslatingEnglishproverbs,firstlyweshouldunderstandtheproverb’sculturalconnotationverily.Secondly,weshouldpayattentiontotranslateproverbswithprecisewords,shortform,oralandpopularstyle,etc.Finally,weshouldflexiblychoosethepropertranslation18 methodaccordingtodifferentsituationandneed.Onlyinthisway,canwetranslateEnglishproverbspreciselyandfaithfully.References[1]Bassett,Susan.2004.TranslationStudies[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress.[2]Claire,Kramsch.2000.LanguageandCulture[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress.[3]Fernando,Chitra.2006.IdiomsandIdiomaticity[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress.[4]Newmark,Peter.2001.ApproachestoTranslation[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress.[5]陈红玉，2002，英语谚语的文化内涵与翻译[J]，《青海大学学报》（自然科学版）第4期。[6]丁关中，1992，《英语谚语大词典》[C]。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司。[7]彭小红，2005，浅谈英语谚语的翻译[J]，《江西师范大学学报》（哲学社会科学版），第3期。18 [8]王书亭、王建明，2005，《英语流行谚语》[C]。东营：石油大学出版社。 [9]武世花，2005，谈英语谚语的几种译法[J]，《镇江高专学报》，第4期。[10]张皓，2003，谈英语谚语的翻译[J]，《焦作师范高等专科学校学报》，第12期。18