英语谚语中的比喻修辞 The Tropes in English Proverbs 8页

　　英语谚语中的比喻修辞TheTropesinEnglishProverbsAbstractAllknowEnglishproverbsarecharming.Proverbsarewidespread.http://www.wendangxiazai.com/d-412218391.htmlTheysimplebutmeaningful.Theyarevividandhumour,whichtheyarethetypicalofaestheticrhetoricandrepresentstreasureofEnglishlanguage.TheyarewisdomofEnglishpeople.UsingrhetoricisanimportantreasonwhytheEnglisharecharming.Amongthem,thetropesarethemostcommonrhetoric.,IanalyzethetropesinEnglishproverbsinthispaper.Tropescanbeintosimile,metaphor,analogy,allegory,metonymyandsynecdoche.Thisfocusesonsimile,metaphorandsynecdoche.paperisdividedintofourchapters.Theyareintroduction,literaturereview,andconclusion.ThefirstchapterintroducesthetropesofEnglishproverbs.secondchaptermakesasimpleintroductionabouttheimportanceofthetropesinproverbs.Thenthispapermakesabriefanalysisofthesimile,metaphorandinEnglishproverbs.Itincludestheirdefinition,structureandsemantic.Thearticlelistslotsofexamplestoexplainthem.SometimestheyareinChinesetomakereadersunderstandeasily.Thefinalchapterconcludesthesis.articlehelpsusunderstandthemeaningofthetropesinEnglishproverb.IfcanunderstandthesemanticeffectinEnglishproverbs,wecancomprehendandtheseEnglishproverbsbetterthanbefore.Keywords:Englishproverbs;tropes;simile;metaphor;synecdoche 摘要英语谚语具有永恒的魅力，英语谚语内容十分广泛，且具有言少意多、言浅意深、生动形象、幽默风趣、观点鲜明等特点，是美学修辞的典范，是英语语言的瑰宝，是英语民族智慧的结晶。其中修辞格的广泛运用是其魅力的一个重要原因，比喻又是最常用的修辞手法。因此在本文中，我详细介绍了英语谚语中比喻修辞的手法并分析。比喻可分为明喻、暗喻、借喻、讽喻、换喻和提喻。本文主要就比喻中的明喻、暗喻、提喻修辞进行深入探讨。本文共分四章。其中第一章对英语谚语的修辞手法做了简单介绍。第二章介绍了英语谚语以及修辞的背景。第三章分别对明喻、暗喻、提喻进行分析，包括他们的定义，结构以及引起的语义效果。文中列举了大量例子来佐证这几种比喻手法，并进行了详细的分析，并在其中穿插了中文解释，帮助我们更容易理解这些谚语的意义。最后，总结全文，这篇文章帮助我们理解了英语谚语中比喻修辞手法的涵义，如果我们能理解这些修辞手法在谚语中引起的效果，那么我们也能更好的理解和应用这些谚语。关键词：英语谚语；比喻修辞格；明喻；暗喻；提喻Content摘要…………………………………………………………………….Introduction………………………………………………………...1.Literaturereview…………….……...…………………………..2.Simile………….……..………….……..………….…….………..2.1Thedefinitionofsimile……………………………………………...........3.2Thebasicformatofsimile…………………………………………...........3.2.1"As"style…………………………………………………………..3.2.2"Like"style………………………………………………………4.2.3"What"style………………………………………………………..5.2.4"And"style………………………………………………………..5 .3Thesemantihttp://www.wendangxiazai.com/d-412218391.htmlceffectofsimile……………………………………………5.Metaphor………….……..………….………………..………….7.1Thedefinitionofmetaphor…………………………………..……………7.2Thebasicformatofmetaphor…………………….……………………..8.2.1Conceptualmetaphor………………………………………...…….8.2.2Coalescentmetaphor……………………………………………….8.2.3Implicativemetaphor………………………………………………9.2.4Symbolicmetaphor………………………………………………10.3Thesemanticeffectofmetaphor………………………………………….10.Synecdoche………….……..………….………………..………..11.1Thedefinitionofsynecdoche……………………………………………11.2Thebasicformatofsynecdoche…………………………………………..11.3Thesemanticeffectofsynecdoche………………………………………..12.Conclusion……………………………....................………………13 .IntroductionregardstotheeverlastingcharmoftheEnglishproverbs,therearevarious,themostimportantofwhichistheextensiveuseofEnglishrhetoricaldevices.rhetoricalbackgroundoftheEnglishproverbsconcernstheirsourcesandtheofwesternrhetorics.Thepurposeoftheuseofrhetoricsuchasantithesis,,rhymeandanalogyistomaketheproverbspreadwidely.proverbisavaluablepropertyinBritishfolklore.Itembodiesthe"sexperienceoflifeandstruggle,whichisthemostvivid,harmoniousandbutsimpleandpopularsentence.Itisaccumulatedbyhundredsofpeoplegenerationtogeneration.proverbsarecreatedbyworkingpeople.Itusesshortpithylinguistictoexpress.Itoftenusestropes,metonymyandcontrasttodescribetheofthelawsofnature.Englishproverbsarethesummaryofsocial.Therefore,Englishproverbsareconcreteandvivid.useofrhetoricisessentialinEnglishwriting.Withtherhetoric,wecanourthoughtsandemotionsbetter.Englishproverbisastationarystatementwidespreadamongthemassesofpeople.Itplaysanimportantroleinlanguage.thesametime,thevocabularyofEnglishproverbisofteneasytounderstandbut.essence,mostoftheEnglishproverbscontaintropes,whichmakesproverbsspecific,conciseandeuphemism.Generallyspeaking,theapplicationoftropesEnglishproverbscanmakepeopleunderstandandrememberthemmoreeahtmlsily.includemetaphor,simile,synecdoche,allegory,metonymy,allegoryetc.someareas,thestudyofrhetoricalisacomplexandinterestingsubject.Inthisspace,Iwouldonlydiscusstheapplicationsofthreekindsoftropes..Literaturereviewproverbscomefromthepracticeandtheyreflectthepractice.Theyareandfullofphilosophy.Theyarepopularwithpeopleandpassdownbygeneration.ThenwhyareEnglishproverbssocharming?Therearekindsofreasons.ThemainreasonIthinkistheextensiveuseoftherhetoric.simplewordscantellthereaderacomplicatedprinciple.Thatisthebenefitofuseofrhetoric.tothemodernviewof rhetoric,itaimedatimprovingthesemantic.Rhetoricisdividedintotwoparts.Theyarecommunicativerhetoricandrhetoric.Incommunicationrhetoric,weputtheemphasisontheclear,fluentsentenceandstrictstructure.Butinaestheticrhetoric,weoftenpaytoitsaesthetics.Inaestheticrhetoric,wecanimaginethesituationinourthroughitsattractivewords.isalanguageformthatallkindsofthelanguagehave.Theyareusedeverywhere.Atthesametime,proverbisatypicalexampleofaesthetic.ItisatreasureoftheEnglishlanguage.ItisthewisdomoftheEnglish.BecauseoftheextensiveusingofrhetoricalinEnglishproverb,itissimplevivid,pithybutmeaningful.WecanfindmanyrhetoricsinEnglishproverbs.TheythebeautyoftheEnglishproverbs.theotherhand,tropeisthemostimportantandcommonrhetoric.Itisanpartinrhetoric.ItisanoutstandingsymbolinEnglishproverbs.Inother,notropes,noproverbs..Simileisthesimplestandbasicrhetoric.Inordertodepicttheimageofapersonsomethingclearly,peopleoftencomparesomethingorsomeonewhohasthesamewithotherpersonorthings..1Thedefinitionofsimile10DictionaryofLiteraryTermsdefinedsimileas："Afigureofspeechinwhichthingislikenedtoanother．Insuchawayastoclarifyandenhanceanimage．Itiscomparison(asopposedtothemetaphorwherecomparisonisimplicit)bytheuseofwords"like"or"as""(Craige2002:36).Theword"like"and"as"arecalled"introductoryword"ofthesimile.Theformatofsimileis"thesignifiedtheintroductorywordthesignifier".Wordlike,as,asif,asthough,as...as,as...so,to,tobearare-semblancetoarecommonintroductoryword.definitionofsimileintheWordNetEnglish-Englishdictionaryisafigureofthatexpressesaresemblancebetweenthingsofdifferentkinds(usuallyformed`like"or`as").tothisauthorityandbroaddefinitionofsimile, itisarhetoricwhichonethingliketheotherthing.Inacommonway,thesignifiedhasthesamewiththesignifier.Therearelotsofcommonintroductorywordslikeas,,asif,asthough,suchasandsoon.Thebasicformatofsimileis"AislikeB"or"Aisas...asB".Italsohasotherforms:virtualstyle,"that"style,"than"style,thestyleand"and"style.Simileisusuallyusedinadvertisementandtechnologytextbecauseitshowsthesimilarbetweenonethingandtheotherthing.canunderstandthedescriptionoftheobjectandspiriteasily.Amongthem,theistheobjecttobedescribed,whilethesignifieristheobjectwhichistopeople..2Thebasicformatofsimile.2.1"As"stylearetwoforms.Oneistheword"as"whichisplacedaftertheword"be"toaspredicative.Suchas:Anhonestman"swordisasgoodashisbond.(诚实人的诺言,如同他立下的契约一样可靠).Anotheristheword"as"whichisplacedaftertheverbtoactasadverbial.Forexample:Childrenpickupwordsaspigeonpeas,utterthemasGodshallplease(小孩学舌如鹦鹉,再次说出无口误),Hebidesfastasacatboundtoasaucer(守候得牢靠就像守候食碟的猫).Sentencewhich11guidedwiththeword"as"isrelativelyrareinEnglishproverbs.However,phrasesareguidedwithword"as"canbefoundeverywhere.Suchas:asbusyasabee,deepasthesea,asfineassand,asgentleasabreeze,ashealthyasanox,asasawolf,aslightasacloud,aspureasspringwater,asregularastheclock,whiteassnow,aswildasatiger.wecanseefromtheseexamples,inthesephrases,theword"as"isfollowedadjectivewhichdescribethecharacteristicsofsomethingtoguidethesimile..2.2"Like"styleguidedbytheword"like"caneitherbeplacedafterthecopulaoraftertheverb.Whenitcomestothesentence,itisplacedafteractionverbstoserveas.Forexample:Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass.(无目标的生活,就象无罗盘的航行);Amanwithoutreligionislikeahorsewithouta.(没有信仰的人就像没有缰绳的马);Amanofwordsandnotofdeedsislikeafullof weeds.(只说不做的人,犹如光长野草的花园).Afacewithoutasmilelikealanternwithoutalight(没有笑容的脸蛋犹如没有亮光的灯笼);Abrokenislikebrokenchina:wecanmendit,butwecannevererasethescars(破碎的心好比破碎的瓷器:我们可以修补它,但永远也不可能消除其伤痕);andsoon.thesaying,onlyafewsimilewhichisguidedbytheword"like"isplacedafterverbtoactasadverbialmodifier.Suchas:Amerryheartdoesgoodlikea(保持快乐的心情就像药物一样有益);Theyagreeliketwocatsinagutter.(像沟里的两只猫一样情投意合).theotherhand,Englishisrepletewithphrasesincludingwords"like".Such:todrinklikeafish,toeatlikeahorse,toflylikeabird,toshinelikegold,tosingalark,tosleeplikealog,toswimlikeaduck,totwinklelikeastar,toworklikeaandsoon.thesephrases,thesimileguidedbytheword"like"isplacedafteractionverbserveasadverbialmodifiers.Atthistime,thecharacteristicoftheverbisdescribedbyusingsomethingwearefamiliarwith..2.3"What"stylearetwocommonstyles:AistoBwhatCistoDandWhatCistoD,AisB.Forexample:Readingistothemind,whatexerciseistothebody(读书对身心之重,恰如运动之于身体).Intellectistothemindwhatsightistothebody(智力对思想犹如视力对于身体一样重要).word"what"alsocanbeputatthebeginningofthesentenceinsteadoftheofsentence.Theyareusuallyusedtotelltheimportancebetweentwothings.For:Whattheblueprintistothebuilder,theoutlineistothewriter(提纲对于作家犹如蓝图对于建筑师一样重要).Whatsaltistofood,thatwitandhumoraretoandliterature(妙语与幽默之于会话与文学,恰似盐对于食物一样).abovetwoexamplesisthesecondstyle.Theword"that"connectsmainandsubordinateclause.Butusuallyword"that"canbeomitted..2.4"And"styleisaspecialkindofsimilestructure,whichiscommoninEnglishproverbs.particularsimilecomparestwocollocationelementswhicharebeforeandafterword"and".Butword"and"inthissituationcannotbeunderstoodas"together",means"like"here.Forexample:Loveandcoughcannotbehid.It meansLoveiscoughthattheycouldnotbeescapedfromtheeyesandears.InChinese,itmeans恋爱如同咳嗽，难逃人耳目.Foranotherexample:Truthandrosehavethornsabout.(真理象玫瑰那样多刺).Booksandfriendsshouldbefewbutgood.(读书如交友，应求少而精).3Thesemanticeffectofsimileinall,theobject"sshapes,movementsandstatescanbedescribedvividlyinawaybyusingsimile.Theintroductorywordinthesimilelikesabridge,whichlinksthesignifiedandsignifierclosely.Peoplecanimaginetwothingsthroughtheintroductorywords.example:Ill-gottenwealthislikeapalacebuiltonthesand.13thissentence,"ill-gottenwealth"isthesignified,while"apalacebuiltonthe"isthesignifier.Thetwothingswereconnectedwitheachotherwiththeword"like"sothatpeopleassociatedthe"ill-gottenwealth"with"thepalacebuildonthe"whichisfamiliartopeople.Theproverbwarnspeoplethatwemustmakethroughhardwork,orwewillworryeverydaywhenweusethem.Alsoitthatwecannotmakemoneybyfoulmeanseventhoughwefacedifficulties.proverbChinesemeaningis财富来得不正当,犹如宫殿建沙上.mayknow:,unaccompaniedbyvirtue,isasaflowerwithoutperfume.isaforevertopic,wecansaythateverybodylovesbeauty.However,howweunderstandthebeautycorrectly?Howcanwetreatthebeautyinandout?Wemustputtheemphasisnotonlyontheappearancebutalsoontheir