英语本科毕业论文-英文谚语的文化场景在中译文中的缺失与弥合 22页

本科毕业论文英文谚语的文化场景在中译文中的缺失与弥合学生姓名：学生学号：6院（系）：外国语学院年级专业：2003级英语本科2班指导教师：二〇〇七年五月 CulturalDefaultandTranslationCompensationinEnglishtoChineseTranslationofEnglishProverbPangJuanUndertheSupervisionofLiLiqinSchoolofForeignLanguagesandCulturesPanzhihuaUniversityMay2007. 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文ContentsContentsAbstractⅠKeywordsⅠ摘要Ⅱ关键词ⅡIntroduction1I.TheBriefIntroductontoProverb3II.ProverbCulture5A.CulturalFactorsinProverb5B.TheDifferentCulturesBetweenEnglishandChineseProverb.51.Custom52.ReligiousBelief63.DifferentLivingConditions.8III.EnglishProverbTranslation9A.AttentionsinEnglishtoChineseTranslation91.MisinterpretationofEnglishProverb92.TheNationalFeature103.TheArtofLanguage10B.Transliberation11C.TranslationCompensation12Conclusion14Acknowledgements15Bibliography16 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文AbstractAbstractThispaperanalyzestheculturesinproverbtofindtheculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseproverbs,andtriestostudythewaytobridgetheculturaldefault.So,Englishproverbcanbetranslatedwiththewayoftransliberation.Andinterculturalcommunicationwillbeachievedsuccessfullyandinterculturalcooperationandspreadwillberealized.KeyWordsProverbculture;culturaldefault;transliberation;translationcompensationI 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文摘要摘　要本文从谚语文化角度着手，分析谚语中的文化因素，以及英汉谚语中的文化差异，尝试研究在谚语的英汉翻译过程中发生文化缺失时如何弥合。最终通过意译手段实现英语谚语的可译性，从而顺利完成跨文化交际活动，实现国际间的文化交流与传播。关键词谚语文化;文化缺失;意译;翻译补偿II 枝花学院本科毕业论文IntroductionIntroductionThereareseveralstandardsabouttranslationcriteriainandabroad.YanFuadvocatedthethreewordsastranslationcriteria,namely,“faithfulness,smoothnessandelegance”.Fraseradvocated“Ratherbealikeinspiritthaninappearance”.ZhangPeijiadvocated“faithfulnessandsmoothness”.EugeneA.Nadaadvocated“functionalequivalence”or“dynamicequivalence”.Thosestandardsinfluenceeachotherandimprovegradually.Althoughtheyfocusondifferently,theyhaveacommonaimthattranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork;thestyleandthemannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal,andtranslationshouldlookasalltheeaseoforiginalcomposition.Intoday’ssociety,translationisnotonlythegenerativespeechsemiotics,butalsoabehaviorininterculturalcommunication.Peopleuse“interculturalcommunication”,“interculturalcooperation”,“acculturation”and“transculturation”toreplace“translation”.TheculturaldifferenceofEnglishandChinese,proverbmayhasthesameliteralmeaningandfigurativemeaning,butdifferentimpliedmeaning.Andimpliedmeaningistherealmeaningwhichthespeakerorwriterwantstoexpress.ThedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseproverbscanbeconvergedintotwocategories:figurativemeaningandimpliedmeaning.Andtheyaredifferentliterally,thatistosay,theyarethespecificreflectionofculturaldifferences.Differentcountryhasdifferentcondition,history,religiousbeliefandcustomandsoon.TheEnglishproverbandChineseproverbexpressdifferentnationalculturefeatureandcultureinformation.Proverbsbearage,andhewhowoulddowellmayreviewhimselfinthemasinalookingglass.Proverbisdefinedasacompletesetsentence,whichcanbeusedasnotonlycomponentinsentencebutalsoacompletesentencetoillustrateacompletemeaning.ProverbisalsothepopularsayingsthatbrightersomuchLatinAmericantalk,theboiled-downwisdomthatpeopleareasapttohearfromprofessorsasfrompeasants,frombeggarsasfromelegances.Proverbisbriefandcolorful;theymoreoftenthan13 枝花学院本科毕业论文Introductionnotteachyou.Withthosefeatures,totranslator,thetranslationofproverbisusuallythemostdifficultthing.EveniftheyaremasteryofEnglish,theytranslateproverbsnotwellbytranslationtools.ThereasonisthattheculturalbackgroundofEnglishproverbisusuallymissedinthetargetlanguage.Thatiscalledculturaldefault.Therefore,whenpeopletranslateEnglishproverb,theyshouldanalyzeandcomparetheculturaldifferenceswhicharecontainedindifferentnationalproverbs.Then,itneedsculturetranslation.Tofindamethodtocompensateculturaldefault,onlyinthisway,thequalityofthetargetlanguagecanbeguaranteed.13 枝花学院本科毕业论文BodyⅠ.TheBriefIntroductiontoProverbGenerallyspeaking,proverbisfromfactuallivingexperienceofpeople.Mostarefromfolk,whicharecalledpopularproverbandotherscomefromdocument,religious,literallyquotation.Proverbconsistsofalotofhistorystoryorliteraryquotation.InChina,therearemanyproverbsinConfucianclassics,legendandsoon.Thoseproverbsaresimplebutfar-reached,briefbutcolorful.Suchas,“他山之石，可以攻玉”.Stonesfromotherhillsaregoodforworkingjade,inthebookofBookofSongs.InAnalects,themastersaid,isitnotpleasanttolearnwithaconstantperseveranceandapplication?Isitnotdelightfultohavefriendscomingfromdistantquarters?EnglishproverbcomesfromBibleandoldGreekandRomeandwesternclassicsetc.Forexample,weareallAdam’schildren.“我们都是亚当的子孙”.[Bible]FarfromJupiter,farfromthunder.“离朱比特越远，离雷神越远”.[OldGreekandRoman]WithoutCeresandBacchus,Venusgrowscold.“没有克瑞斯河巴库斯，维纳斯就会感到冷”.（王佐良,37）Inthisproverb,Ceresisfoodgoodness,andBacchusisanalcoholgod,andVenusisknownasagoodnessoflove.LiteralmeaningofthisproverbisthatVenuswillfeelalonewithoutCeresandBacchus.Butitimpliesthatiftherehavenoclothesandfood,therehasnolove.IntheworksofShakespeare,proverbsspreadhereandthere.Forexample,alltheworldisastage.“世界就是一台戏”.Haveishave.“到手的东西才算数”.Itiswisefatherthatknowshisownchild.“聪明的父亲才了解自己的孩子”.Ofcourse,EnglishproverbscomefromnotonlyEnglishdocument,butalsofromWesternEuropeetc.InoneofRussiaworkswrites,allhappyfamiliesresembleoneanother,everyunhappyfamilyisunhappyinitsownway.“幸福的家庭彼此相似，不幸得家庭各有不幸”.ProverbsofEuropeis,Allisnotgoldthatglitters.“发亮的东西不一定都是金子”.Fromabove-mentionedanalysis,peoplecanarriveataconclusionthatproverbiscloselyrelatedtospecialnationalhistory,economics,culture,living,customandgeographyandsoon.Itispresuppositionforstudyproverbtounderstandtheirrelationship.Itisbecausethattherelationshipcausepeoplehavedifferentview13 枝花学院本科毕业论文Bodytothesamething.Intranslation,peopleusuallycannotfindsuitabletargettext,whichiscalledculturaldefault.Asthistextwillbementioned,thefeelingofdog,Chinesepeoplehaveafeelingofboring.Whereas,EnglishandAmericacountriesthinkthatevenifthedogstaywithyouonlythreedays,itwillstillrememberyouthreeyearslater.Intheirmind,dogisreliableandfaithful.Besides,Englishproverbsareusuallyfromsomeliteraryquotation.Peopledonotknowtheliteraryquotation,theycannotunderstandthemeaningoftheproverbs,letalonetranslatethem.TheculturaldefaultofEnglishproverbsisobjective.However,itisnotmeantheycannotbetranslated.CulturalTranslation（Worth,35）canbeapplied,whichisaterminformallytorefertotypesoftranslationwhichfunctionasatoolforcross-culturaloranthologicalresearch,orindeedtoanytranslationwhichissensitivetoculturalaswellaslinguistic.Inordertoreproducesourcecultureanddeletethedifferencesofculture,translatorcanabidebythefollowing:First,createthetargettextisnotonlyfitthesourcetextbutalsoreproducethesourceculture.Second,ifitisimpossibletokeepmeaningandcultureinthesametime,translatoronlydesertformequivalencethroughchangingtheformofsourcetextintargettexttoreproducethesourcetextmeaningandculture.Third,ifthechangeofformisstillcannotexpresssourcemeaningandculture,translatorcanadoptthetechniqueofrecreation.Proverbalsohasgreatsocialfunction.Itcanenlightenpeople’slife,guidepeople’sbehavior,andpassonexperience,moraleducationandsoon.Forexample,“少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲”.Ifonedoesnotexertoneselfinyouth,onewillregretitinoldage.Englishproverbsare:Alazyyouth,alousyage.“少壮懒惰，晚年糟糕”.Nobees,nohoney;nowork,nomoney.“没有蜜蜂就没有蜂蜜，不工作就没有钱”.Thoseproverbsallcontaineducationalsignificant,someencourageyoungpeopleworkhardwhenyoung,donotbelazy.Neverfeelpitywhenold,itistoolate.ProverbisalsothepopularsayingsthatbrightersomuchLatinAmericantalk,theboiled-downwisdomthatyouareasapttohearfromprofessorsasfrompeasants,frombeggarsasfromelegances.Proverbisbriefandcolorful;theymoreoftenthannotteachyou.ForEnglishproverbhasthosefeatures,totranslator,theytranslate13 枝花学院本科毕业论文Bodyproverbnotwellonlybytranslationtools.ThereasonisthattheculturalbackgroundofEnglishproverbisusuallymissedintargetlanguage.Thatiscalledculturaldefault.Therefore,whenpeopletranslateEnglishproverbs,theycananalyzeandcomparetheculturaldifferenceswhicharecontainedindifferentnationalproverb.Tofindamethodtocompensateit,onlyinthisway,thequalityoftargetlanguagecanbeguaranteed.13攀枝花学院本科毕业论文BodyⅡ.ProverbCultureA.CulturalFactorsinChineseandEnglishProverbChinaandWestculturearequitedifferenttwohugetypecultures,whichdevelopbalance,neverconflicteachother,focusondifference,andhavetheirownfeature.TheindividualcharacteristicsofChinaandWestculturearerootedinthedifferentnature,geographyandclimatewhichtwonationslivein,andtheyinfluenceeachother’slivingstyle.Differentlivingstyleresultindifferentmaterialcultureanddifferentidea,faith,interest,behaviorhabit,mentalityandcharacterandsoon.Thatistosay,itwillformtwocompletedifferentspiritualcultures.Therefore,itismoreimportantforthosepeoplewhowanttosomethinginproverbtranslationtomastertwoculturesthantwolanguages.Becausewordshavemeaningonlyusedinspecialculture.B.TheDifferentCulturesBetweenEnglishProverbandChineseProverbProverbreflectscolorfulnationalculturephenomenainculturalparts.TheculturaldisparitiesofEnglishandChineseproverbaremainlyasfollows:1.CustomTherearemanyaspectsinEnglishandChinesecustomdifferences,andthemosttypicalistheattitudeofdog.InChina,dogisakindofhumbleanimal.Theproverbswhicharerelatedtodogmostlymeanderogatory.Forexample,“狗嘴里吐不出象牙”13 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文Body.Youdon’tfindivoryinadog’smouth.“狗改不了吃屎”.Dogsneverlosetheirtasteforfilthnorwolvestheirtasteformeat.(Usedtomeanthatpeoplecannotchangetheirbasicnature).“好狗不挡道”.Gooddogsdon’tgetunderfoot.Recentyears,manyapeopleliketolookdogsaspetanimal,thepositionofdogbegintochange,butthebadimageofdoghasrootedinChineseculturedeeply.Whereas,inoccidentallanguagecountries,dogisoneofthemosthonestfriend.MostofEnglishproverbsaboutdogarecommendatory.Itisafigureofspeechofpeople’sbehavior.Forexample,youarealuckydog.“你是一个幸运儿”.Everydoghashisday.“人人皆有出头日”.Loveme,lovemydog.“爱屋及乌”.Hewhohasamindtobeathisdogwilleasilyfindhisstick.“欲加之罪,何患无词”.Giveadogabadnameandhanghim.“一旦给人加个坏名声,他就永远洗不清”.Thescaldeddogfearscoldwater.“一回烫伤,见了冷水也心寒;一朝被蛇咬,十年怕草绳”.Olddogswilllearnnonewtricks.“老狗学不了新东西”.English-speakingpeoplelovedog,andChineseadmiredragon.Forexample,“龙虎相斗，小鹿遭殃”.Theinnocentdeerhastopaywhenthedragoncomestoblowwiththetiger.“龙生龙，凤生凤”.Achildwithcleverandintelligentparentswilldobetterthanachildwithdullandstupid.Theythinkdragonisholy,andthesymbolofemperor.Butinnon-Chinesemind,dragonstandforsinaccordingtoBible.2.ReligiousBeliefReligiousbeliefisoneofpeople’sspiritfoodswhichinfluencenationalculture,tosomeextent.Proverbisrelatedtoreligiousbeliefspringingupinorientalandoccidentallanguages.ChinesepeoplebelieveinBuddhism,Taoism,andBuddhismhaslonghistoryinChina,overonethousandyears.PeoplebelieveinthattheworldhasBuddhistpatriarchwhocontrolstheworld.Therearemanyproverbsaboutit.Forexample,“跑了和尚跑不了庙”Themonkmayrunaway,butthetemplecannotrunawaywithhim.(Usedmetaphoricallytomeanthatapersoncannevercompletelyescapetheconsequenceofhisactions)“佛要金装，人要衣裳”.JustasBuddhaimagesneedtobecoveredwithgold,sopeopleneedtobecoveredwithbirds).“放下屠刀，立地成佛”.Tolaydownone’sbutcherknifeandsuddenlybecomeaBuddha.(Nowusedmetaphoricallytomeanthatwhenabadpersonstopsdoingevil,13 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文Bodyhewillalsobecomeagoodone)“一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃”.Oneboyisboy,twoboyshalfaboy,andthreeboysnoboy.“善有善报，恶有恶报”.Goodwillberewardedwithgood,andevilwithevil.Laozi[ChinesephilosopherofthelateSpringandAutumnPeriodandfounderofTaoism],TheproverbsreflectTaoistreligionhas,“福兮祸所伏，祸兮福所倚”.Ingoodfortunelurkscalamityandcalamityliesgoodfortune.“物极必反”Toomuchofonethingisgoodfornothing.“否极泰来”.Afterastormcomesacalm.Inmanywestcountries,especially,inEnglishandAmerica,peoplearefaithinChristianity.IntheChristianreligion,Godisuniqueandsupreme.Everyoneknowsthegodsghosts.Therefore,manyproverbsarelinkedwithgodsandghosts,GodiswhereHewas.“上帝无所不在”.Godhelpthosewhohelpthemselves.“自助者天助”.HethatservesGodformoneywillservethedevilforbetterwages.“为金钱替上帝效劳的人，为更多的钱也愿被魔鬼驱使”.Thedevilisgoodtohisown.”恶鬼自有恶鬼保佑”.Godsendmeatandthedevilsendscooks.“食物是上帝赐的，厨师是恶鬼派的”.[意指厨师常把好的食物煮坏].Fromtheabove-mentionedexamples,peoplecanknowsomedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternreligious.EnglandandEnglish–speakingcountriesmainlybelieveinChristianity,therefore,manyEnglishproverbscomefromBible.AndChinesepeoplemainlybelieveinBuddhism.AlthoughChinesepeoplealsoknow“theCross”,and“ForbiddenFruit”,onlyhavelittleinfluence.Becauseofthedifferentreligiousbelief,theproverbreflectsdifferentthoughtandconcept.Besides,strictlyspeaking,BuddhismandTaoismallareatheism,andChristianityisquitedifferent,whichistheism,andadmitsoneGod.Forexample,“天无绝人之路”.Heavenneversealsoffalltheexists—thereisalwaysawayout.“谋事在人，成事在天”.Manproposes;Goddisposes.“放下屠刀，立地成佛”.Tolaydownone’sbutcherknifeandsuddenlybecomeaBuddha.BuddhismadmitsBuddha,however,whichisnottheonlyGod.Buddhaisineveryone’sheart,everyonehastheopportunitytobeaBuddha.ThepowerandgloryofGodisusuallyreflectedinEnglishproverbs.Forexample,Godisaboveall.“上帝高于一切”.Godiswherehewas.“上帝无所不在”.13 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文Body3.DifferentLivingConditionsProverbsoftheworldordifferentnationsallreflectthelawsofnatureandsociety.Andthoseobjectivelawslieineverynation.Butinthespecificexpress,thatistosay,thechoiceofmaterialandtheusageoftechniqueusuallyarecharacterwithnationandlivingcircumstances.Chinaisabigagriculturecountryforalonghistory,andfarmercoveralargenumberoftotals.Andmanyaproverbsfocustheimportanceofagriculture.Suchas,“种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆”.Youmustreapwhatyouhavesown.“种田有产，养猪有肉”.Asyousow,youshallmow.“春种一粒粟，秋收万颗谷”Aseedplantedinspringwillbringthousandsoffruitsinautumn.“瑞雪兆丰年”.Asnowyear,arichyear.“好种出好苗，好树结好果”.Hethatsowsgoodseedshallreapgoodcorn.Incontrary,Englishisanislandcountry.So,generallyspeaking,Englishproverbconveysthesamethoughtsandcontentwithothernations.Inthere,therehasnoplacedistancefromseaoveronehundredandteninches.Englishpeoplelovesea;theirlivesarelinkedwithseaclosely.Theseaandwater-transportcareerarethematerialoftheirproverbs.Suchas,Thesearefusesnoriver.“大海不拒江流”.Theseacomplainsitwantswater.“大海也抱怨缺水”.Thereisasgoodfishintheseaasevercomesoutofit.“有了大海，不怕没鱼”.Fishinglikefishinginthesea.“捕鱼要到大海”.Hethatwillnotsailtillalldangersareovermustneverputtosea.“谁要是想什么危险都没有了再航行，就永远出不了海”.Hethatforecastsallperilswillneversailthesea.“预卜一切危险的人，奖永不会航行于大海”.Inacalmsea,everymanisapilot.“在平静的海面，人人都能当海员”.Asmoothseanevermadeaskillfulmariner.“平静的大海练不出好水手”.Thegoodseamanisknowninbadweather.“要识好海员，须凭坏天气”.Thewindsandwavesarealwaysonthesideofablestnavigators.“风浪是帮助能干的航海家”.Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass.“没有生活的目标，如同没有罗盘的航行”.Hewhowouldsearchforpearlsmustdivebelow.“欲得珍珠，先潜水底”.Anyportinastorm.“暴风雨中能停靠，危急中能摆脱危险”.Everytidehathitsebb.“13 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文Body潮涨必要13 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文Body潮落时”.Inaddition,inChinese’sculture,“Eastwind”meansthewindofspring,andsummerisusuallyveryhot.ButEnglishliesinWesternHemisphere,temperatezoneandmaritimeclimate.Itisthewestwindthatpredicatesthecomingofspring.AfamousEnglandpoet,Shelly’s,hisOdetothewestwindis,“Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?”13攀枝花学院本科毕业论文BodyⅢ.EnglishProverbTranslationNidarefersto,“Alltranslation,nomatteritisproseorpoet,anditmustbeconcernedabouttheresponseofreceptor.”(Nida,105)Therefore,fromthepointviewoftheeffectofaudience,thepurposeoftranslationisthefundamentalfactorsofanytranslator.However,translationisnoteasy;thetranslationofEnglishproverbismoredifficult.Totranslator,itneedstoexertgreateffort.Therefore,Intheprocessoftranslation,therearesometipsshouldbenoticed.A.PointsforAttentioninEnglishtoChineseTranslation1.MisinterpretationofEnglishProverbDonotmisinterpretwordsthroughtakingthemtooliterally.Roughlyspeaking,proverbissimpleandclear.Itisbecausethosefeaturesthatmaketranslatormakeerrorsintranslation.Thefollowingexamplesmayillustrateit.Finefeathersmakefinebirds.Manyapeoplemaythinkthemeaningis,“佛要金装，人要衣裳”.Buttheproverbhasanotherdeepmeaning,saidofanoverdressedpersonwhodoesnotreallyuptohisorherclothes,withanironicmeaning.So,itcanbetranslatedas“好的衣裳只能打扮出个好外表”.Anotherexampleis,Honeyisnotfortheass’smouth.Somedictionarytranslateitinto,“狼吞虎咽的人不配吃精制的食物”.ButitreallymeaningisPersuasionwillnotpersuadefools,orthegentlestwordswillnotdiverttheangeroftheunreasonable,thatistosay,“好言好语劝不醒傻瓜”or“傻瓜吃硬不吃软”.13 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文Body2.TheNationalFeatureIthasmentionedthenationalfeatureinformer.Whenpeoplereadanationalproverboftenremindthemofsomespecialhistory,economics,culture,living,customoftheircountries.However,ifreaderreadthetargettext,whichmakesthemremembertheirsomenationalfeatures.ReadercouldnothelpthinkingtherelationshipbetweenChinesenationalfeatureandforeignculture.ThefollowingarepickedupfromdictionaryandbookswhichpressedinChina.Peoplemayaswellstudyit.Beautyliesinlover’seyes.“情人眼里出西施”.Nogreatlosswithoutsomesmallgain.“塞翁失马，焉知非福”.Itiseasytobewiseaftertheevent.“事后的诸葛亮容易做”.The“西施”,“塞翁”,“诸葛亮”areallhistoryorlegendpeopleinChina.Itseemsasifitisneitherfishnorfowlmixthemupduringtheproverbsoftranslation.However,ithasgreathelpforpeoplewholiketotranslateEnglishproverbtostudythenationalfeatures.3.TheArtofLanguageDonoticetheartoflanguage.ThelanguageofChineseandEnglishproverbisusuallysimpleandclearsentence,beautifulrhymescheme,andharmony.Proverbshouldbetranslatedwiththosecharacteristics.ThefollowingtargetlanguagesofEnglishproverbsarequitebeautiful.Menmaymeetbutmountainsnever.“山和山无法碰头，人和人总会相逢”.Thissentence,thetargetlanguageissimpleandclear,structureiscompactandwell—balanced,thestyleofthesentenceisneatandmoodisharmony.Withthosefeatures,peopleusuallyrememberthiskindofproverbeasily.Andpeoplecanrecitethemfluently.Itiseasytohanddown.Oldfriendsandoldwinearebest.“陈酒味醇，老友情深”.Feedacoldandstarveafever.“伤风时宜吃，发热时宜饿”.Weneverknowtheworthofwatertillthewellisdry.“井干方知水可贵”.Thefollowingarealsofromsomebooks,whichhasaspacetoimprove.Accidentswillhappeninthebestregulatedfamilies.“家规再严的家庭也要出问题”.Theproofofthepuddingisintheeating.“布丁好坏，尝尝方知”.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.”谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好”.Itisnotdifficulttoseetheoriginaltranslationisclearandcoherent,butitlackssomething,readingnoimposingmanner.Proverbtranslationshould13 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文Bodyconsidertheartoflanguage.B.TransliberationTheexistenceofculturaldefaultleftafactinfrontofpeople:thepurposeofthepeopletocreateproverbdon’tconsiderthenon-nationreader,thatis,theintended-readerofthecreatordon’tincludenon-nationreader,especiallythereaderwhohaveanotherlanguageandculture.JustlikeChinesepeople,theyalsoneverconsiderothercountries’workingpeoplewhentheycreateproverb.Therefore,thecultureinformationisclearinitselfcountry,butforotherpeoplewhocomefromanotherculture’snationwhichseemsasifitcannotmakeanysenseofthecultureinformation.Forexample,thereisaproverbinEngland,“Moneymakesthemarego”.(张浩远，94)Themarecango,isthereanythingwithmoney?Asamatteroffact,thisproverbisfromafolk-tale.Somebodywantedtoborrowahorsefromhisneighbor,buthisneighborsaidthatthehorsehaditslegbrokenyesterdayonhillside.Then,theneighborcontinued.However,ifhewouldliketopayforit,itisanotherthing.Hecertainlyunderstoodit--ifhewouldgivesomemoneytohisneighbor,themarecango—thatismoneymakesmarego.Thisproverbcontainsamarkednationalcolorwhichhelpspeopletounderstandaliencustom.Butalsothoseproverbsadddifficulttotranslation,andtranslatorfeelpricklyaboutthem.So,ifonereallywantstoappreciateEnglishproverb,theyhadbetterknowsomethingofothercountries’history,geographyandexoticatmosphere.LiteraltranslationisthemaintechniquebutnottheonlywaytotranslateEnglishproverb.Especially,whencultureismissed,someEnglishproverbsaretranslatedliterally,Chinesereadersunderstanddifficultly.BecausesomeEnglishliterallyquotationisunfamiliartoChinesepeopletemporarily.Inthiscase,itisnotsuitabletotranslateliterally,butliberally.Theadvantageoftransliberationissimpleandclear,andremovesomemisunderstand.Forexample:Everymanhasafoolinhissleeve.“人人都有糊涂的时候”.Ifthissentenceistranslatedlikethis:“人人袖子里都装着个傻瓜”.ItisafraidthatChinesepeoplecannotunderstandit.Anotherexampleis:Carekilledacat.“忧虑伤身”.Chinesepeoplemaythinkitisstrangeifitistranslatedlike13 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文Bodythis:“忧虑杀死猫”.Infact,accordingtoEnglishculture,acathasninelives,whichstandsforindomitablelife.Carecanmakeacatwhichhasninelivesdeath,letalonepeoplewhohasonlyonelife.WhenthecultureofEnglishproverbismissed,translatormayaswelltakethisskilltocompensateit.Theformerabove-mentionedareDosorDon’tsintranslationofEnglishproverbaresomespecificmattersneedingattention.Althoughtherearemanyreferencetools,mostofthemarenotperfect.Asasayinggoes,“Ratherteachamanhowtofishthangivehimafish”.Therearesomespecifictranslationtechniquestocompensatetheculturaldefault.C.TranslationCompensationBecausedifferentgeography,proverbwillreflectdifferentculture.Forexample,whenthewindisintheeast,it’sneithergoodformannorbeast.“风起东方，人畜不安”.Whenthewindisinthewest,theweatherisatthebest.“风起西方，气候最佳”.Inordertolearnthetwoproverbsconception,suchaswhenthewindisintheeast,it’sneithergoodformannorbeast.Peopleshouldfirstlearnthebackgroundoftheproverb.Firstly,England’seastwindiscoldwindfromnorthofEurope,whichisdifferentfromChina’swarmandgentleeastwindthatfromeastcoast.AndEngland’swestwindissimilarwithChina’seastwind.Secondly,itisbecausethedisparitiesofgeographyandmeteorologymakethewordofeastwin.Westwindhasthespecificmeaningineachnation,implyingnationalculture.Thatistosay,eastwindandChinese“东风”，westwindandChinese“西风”isthesame,asthewinddirection,buttheconcretemeaningisquitedifferent.Westwindisgentleandwarm,whichislikeChinese“春风”.ThereisanEnglishproverbis:Arighteasterlywindisveryunkind.“正东风是很不温和的”.EnglandandEnglish--speakingcountriesmainlybelieveinChristianity,therefore,manyEnglishproverbscomefromBible.AndChinesepeoplemainlybelieveinBuddhism.Thedifferentreligiousbelief,theproverbreflectsdifferentthoughtandconcept.TheretributionofBuddhismandtheconceptofcommonhumanityandtheloveinChristianityaregoodexample.Besides,strictlyspeaking,13 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文BodyBuddhismandTaoismallareatheism,andChristianityisquitedifferent,itistheism,andadmitsoneGod.Forexample,“天无绝人之路”.Heavenneversealsoffalltheexists—thereisalwaysawayout.“谋事在人，成事在天”.Manproposes;Goddisposes.“放下屠刀，立地成佛”.Tolaydownone’sbutcherknifeandsuddenlybecomeaBuddha.BuddhismadmitsBuddha,however,whichisnottheonlyGod.Buddhaisineveryone’sheart,everyonehastheopportunitytobeaBuddha.ThepowerandgloryofGodisusuallyreflectedinEnglishproverbs.Forexample,Godisaboveall.“上帝高于一切”.Godiswherehewas.“上帝无所不在”.Inthiscase,translatorshouldtranslateproverbsaccordingtodifferentcountry’sreligiousculture.Besides,theyshouldalsoconsidertheintended—reader.Generallyspeaking,itisauniversewaytocompensatethemissedcultureintheprocessoftranslationfortranslatortakesthetechniqueofbothTransliterationandTransliberation.Sometimes,transliterationortransliberationallcannotreproduceEnglishproverbsmeaningaccuracyandeffectively.Translatorcanadopttwomeanstotranslate,tobridgethegapthattransliterationconveysideasdifficultlyandtransliberationexpressvividdifficultlytoo.Aftertransliteration,addstherealmeaningcangettheeffectthatbringsaworkofarttolife.Forexample:Adaughterisfairerthanherfairmother.“女儿比母亲更漂亮;青出于蓝胜于蓝”.Cutyourcoataccordingyourcloth.“量体裁衣；量入为出”.IfIhavelostthering,yetthefingersarestillthere.“戒指虽丢失，手指仍然在；留得青山在，不怕没柴烧”.Everybirdlikesitsownnest.“鸟爱自己的巢，人爱自己的家”.Letsleepingdogslie.“睡狗莫惹，麻烦莫招”.Allasseswagtheirears.“驴子爱摆耳朵，傻瓜爱装聪明”.Theliteraltranslation,manyintended—readermaynotknowthemeaning.However,whentranslatorsaddthetransliberation,peoplewillknowthemeaningoftheproverb.13 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文ConclusionConclusionAsEnglishandChineseproverbshavealonghistorywithreligiousandliteraryfeatureswhichshowthepeople’swisdom.However,EnglishandChineseproverbsbelongtodifferentculturalsystems.Andintheprocessofculturalcommunicationpeoplemaymeetmanydifficultiescausedbyculturaldifferences.ThispaperadoptsthemethodofillustrationwithexamplestofindthedifferentculturesbetweenEnglishandChineseproverbs,andtriestostudythewaytobridgetheculturaldefault.So,Englishproverbcanbetranslatedwiththewayoftransliberation.Andinterculturalcommunicationwillbeachievedsuccessfullyandinterculturalcooperationandspreadwillberealized.TheculturaldefaultofEnglishproverbisafact,butwhichhaswaytocompensate.ItcanbecompensatedbytransliberationtomakeEnglishproverbtranslatability.14 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsIwouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankmyteacherswhotaughtmeinPanzhihuaUniversityduringmyfourcollegelife.Theyare:FanXiying,DengXingyi,Luoyongjie,LiaoHongandsoon.Besides,Iwanttothankoneofoptionalcourseteachers—ZhangXiquanwhoismyhandwritingteachers.Itishewhogavememuchcourage.Myhandwritingisquitebadintheclass.Thoseteacherstaughtmeknowledgewhichlaidthefoundationofmywritingability.Whatismore,theytaughtmemuchtruthwhichwouldeducationmeinallmylife.Iwanttothankmytutor—LiLiqinwhooffersmeacademicandconstructiveadvicesoncomposingthispaper.Herencouragementandhelpareworthyofhighacknowledgement.Besides,Iwouldliketothankmyparents;itisthemwhooffermeanopportunitytoentercollege,tolearnknowledge.Lastly,Iwanttothankmyfriendswhoaroundme.Theygivememuchadviceandhelpduringtheprocessofmypaper.15 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