英汉谚语的比较 4页

　　英汉谚语的比较[Abstract]Proverbsarethecreamofalanguage.Theyreflecttherelationshipbetanbeings’monsocialactivitiesareinmanyaspectssimilar,soEnglishandChineseproverbshavesimilarities.Becauseoftheculturaldifferences,EnglishandChineseproverbshavedifferencesintheirdetailedcontents.TheauthorparestheirsimilaritiesanddifferencesandalsoproposesthatEnglishandChineseproverbsilaroriginandsimilarlinguisticcharacters.Theybothoriginatefromfolklife,mythology,literaryotherlanguages.Differencesbets;differentreligionsanddifferentvalueconcepts.[Keyythology,TheFableofAesopandTheHomerleftalotofproverbs.E.g.:(14)IfeartheGreeks,eventheakeaMercuryofeverydog.(FromRomanMythology.ItmeansthatnoteverymindTheFablesofAesop.Itmeansthatonesaidsomethingisbades.Thereanynaturalphenomenonsandourancestorcan’texplainthesephenomenons.Theycreatedthemythologyandfabletoexplainthephenomenon.SomanyChineseproverbsefrommythologyandfable.E.g.:(17)八仙过海，各显神通。（from《八仙过海》）(18)过着牛郎织女的生活。（fromafolklegend）2.1.3Originatingfromliteraryliteraryotethedevelopmentoflanguage.Someofbrilliantsentences,plotandhero’snameinliteraryanygreatadedistinctivecontributionstothedevelopmentofEnglishliterature.Theirgenerationtogeneration.ManysentencesbeetheEnglishproverbs.Shakespeare’sostcolorfulliteratureoriginofproverbs.ManyEnglishproverbsarefromtheetimesbit.”isfromShakespeare’sHamlet.Ittellspeoplethatthoseselvestrouble.(20)“Allisnotgoldthatglitters.”isfromShakespeare’sTheMerchantsofVenice.Itmeansthatthoseeotherakesafullman,conferenceareadyman,andan”isfromadistinguishedEnglishphilosopherandakeapersonlearned,sharpandprecise.And(22)“Thechildhoodshoan”isfromMilton’sParadiseRegained.ManyChineseproverbsarefromclassicChineseliteraryagetotheansionsandTheMarshRebellionarethemostpopularclassicsinChina.Suchas:(23)温故而知新。(Bystudyingtheoldonelearnssomethingneaster---theofthemassesexceedsthatofthes)(25)三十六计,走为上计。(Ofthethirty-sixstratagems,thebestisrunningaofRedMansions) (27)说曹操,曹操到。(Talkofthedevilandheissuretoappear.)---《三国演义》(TheThreeKingdoms)Literature,asamirrorofsociallife,isanothersourceofproverbs.Manysentencesintheseliteraryandeasytoberemembered,sopeoplelikethemandusethemagainandagain.Atlast,theybeetheproverbsandareoftheliteraryotherlanguagesanyEnglishproverbsarefromLatin,Greek,FrenchandChinese.Asthereasonofhistory,mostoftheseloanedproverbsemaintaintheoriginallanguages.ManyEnglishproverbsoriginatefromLatin.E.g.:(28)Artislong,lifeisshort.(29)TheeLatinproverbsaretransferredintoEnglish.ForexampleEnglishpeoplehavegot(30)“Soonripe,soonrotten”from“Citomaturumcitoputridum”.ManyEnglishproverbsefromFrench.Forexample,Englishpeoplehavegot(31)“anyChineseandEnglishproverbsusethesamerhetoricaldevicessuchassimile,metaphor,repetitionandhyperbole,etc.Simileisusedveryfrequently.Itisafigureofspeech,inoreorlessfancifulorunrealisticparisonismade,using“like”or“as”.[6]Herearesomeexamples:(40)割麦如救火。(41)剩秧如剩草，缺秧如缺宝。(42)Agoodfriendisasthesuninisassplyaresemblance.E.g.:(44)Timeisfatheroftruth.(45)Failureisthemotherofsuccess.(46)一寸光阴一寸金。(47)谎言怕真理，黑暗怕阳光。Repetitionisanotherrhetoricaldeviceusedtoexpressstrongfeelingsoremphasizesomemeanings.E.g.:(48)哪个老虎不吃人，哪个地主不狠心。(49)Manylords,manylaphasisandstrikethereadersdeeply.E.g.:(50)Athousandyearscannotrepairamoment’slossofhonor.(51)谷子栽得稀，不够喂小鸡。Theexaggerationisnotfalse.Itesfromthetruefeelingsandbasesonreality.[8]Apartfromtheaboverhetoricaldevices,thereareotherdevices.TheyareAntithesis,Synecdoche,Personification,etc.Theuseofrhetoricaldevicesmakesproverbsfresh,humorous,implicitandfullofilarorigins,theyalsohavedifferencesintheirdetailedcontents.anyproverbsareaboutBuddhismsuchas: (72)平时不烧香,临时抱佛脚。(Neverburningincenseergency.)(73)跑得了和尚,跑不了庙。(Themonkmayrunaplecan’trun.—Afugitivemustbelongtosomeplacethatcanprovideclues.)(74)泥菩萨过河,自身难保。(Likeaclayidolfordingariver--hardlyabletosaveone.)(75)放下屠刀,立地成佛。(Thebutcheronishpeopletodogooddeedsandsotheycangototheheavenaftertheirdeath.TaoismesnexttoBuddhisminChina.ThereareproverbsaboutTaoismsuchas(76)一人得道，鸡犬升天。(77)道高一尺，魔高一丈，etc.EnglishandChinesepeoplehavedifferentreligiousfaith.DifferentreligionsleadtothedifferencesbetainreligioninEnglish-speakingcountries,somanyEnglishproverbsarerelatedto“God”.anyEnglishproverbsshoerican’sadvocatingoffreedomandindividualism.E.g.:(78)Godhelpsthoseselves.(79)Hehelpslittlethathelpsnothimself.Thesetselves”and“himself”shoportantroleintheirlife.(80)Everymanisthearchitectofhisoportancetoindependenceandself-reliance.Self-relianceimpelspeopletocreateopportunities,seekpetitionandbereadyforrisks.(82)“Itisthesqueakyinencetotheindividualism.(83)“Everymanafterhisfashion.”laysstressonindividualdifferences.Onthecontrary,Chinesepeopletakemodestyasvirtue.Theyrespecttheoldandtakegoodcareoftheyoung.Theircharacteristicsare“justiceandhumanity”,“modesty”and“love”.[14]Chinesepeoplepaymuchattentiontocollectivismandthinkhighlyoftheroleofgroups.Theylaystressonhelpeachotherandrelianceeachother.Theyalsopayattentiontotheharmonioushumanrelationshipandtheytrytosavetheotherside’sface.ManyChineseproverbsreflectthistrend.[15]E.g.:(84)“孤树结成林不怕风吹，滴水集成海不怕日晒。”shoportanceofmutualhelpandreliance.(86)“相互协助事好办，各自揣私心事难成。”laysstressontheharmonioushumanrelationship.(87)“忍一时风平浪静，退一步海阔天空。”suggeststhatpeopleshouldsavetheotherside’sface.Thereareexceptionsthatareoppositetothemainstream.SomeEnglishproverbsalsoreflecttheimportanceofcollectivism.Forexample,(88)“makeyourselfnecessarytosomeone.”Chinesetraditionalvalueconcepthasbeengreatlyimpacted.(89)“一个和尚挑水吃；两个和尚抬水吃；三个和尚没水吃”iscontrarytoChinesecollectivetendency. 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