英语毕业论文(浅谈英语谚语翻译) 17页

JIUJIANGUNIVERSITY毕业论文（设计）题目浅析英文谚语翻译英文题目OnEnglishTranslationofProverbs院系外国语学院专业商务英语姓名陆怡年级外A0721指导教师候伯华二零一零年五月 AbstractBecauseofthedifferencesofreligiousbeliefs,habitsandcustoms,fablesandmyth,andcultureandart,EnglishproverbsandChineseproverbscarryonthedifferentnationalculturalcharacteristicsandinformation.Proverbsarecloselylinkedwithculturaltraditionandtheyareinseparable.Theculturalelementsofproverbscausethedifficultyoftranslationofproverb.Thisthesisistryingtomakesomeexplorationabouttheproverb,anditstranslation.Keywords:category；translationmethod;culturecontrast 摘要由于不同的宗教信仰、风俗习惯、寓言神话以及文学艺术诸多方面的差异，英、汉谚语承载着不同的民族文化特色和不同的文化信息。他们与文化传统紧密相连，不可分割。言语中的文化因素构成了翻译中的困难。直译，意译，或者直译与意译相结合，则要根据具体的语言环境来定。本文通过对英文谚语的分类和对中西文化的对比，就英语谚语及其翻译做一些探索。关键词：谚语分类；翻译方法；文化对比 ContentsABSTRACTI摘要IIINTRODUCTION11WHATISPROVERB?11.1TheDefinitionofProverb11.2TheCategoriesofProverb21.2.1FromProductionExperiences21.2.2FromLifeExperiences21.2.3FromMasterpiecesandMottos31.2.4FromtheBible31.2.5ToConveytheTruth31.2.6LoanProverb42THECOMPARISONOFCHINESEANDENGLISHPROVERB52.1SubauditionofProverb52.2Religion62.3Values62.4HistoryandCulture73METHODSOFPROVERBSTRANSLATION73.1LiteralTranslation83.2FreeTranslation93.2.1FreeTranslationindifferentEnglishandChineseproverbs93.2.2FreetranslationinsimilarproverbsinEnglishandChinese103.3CombinationofLiteralandFreeTranslation104CONCLUSION11BIBLIOGRAPHY12ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS13 Introduction加入章节号Proverbisashortpithysayinginfrequentandwidespreadusethatexpressesabasictruthorpracticalprecept.Proverbisatreasureofliteraturewhichcomesfrompeople’sdailylife.Itsparkleswiththewisdomofhuman’sthoughtsandexperiencesfromtheancienttimestothemoderntimes.What’smore,ithasenrichedthelanguagesoflotsofcountries.Inaword,proverbisaslivelyaspoem,assteadyasessayandasterseasidiom.Sincethedifferencesonhistory,religionandcustom,theproverbconnectsareconnectedwithitsownculturesteadilyandcarriestheuniqueinformationandfeatureineachlanguage.WhentranslatingEnglishproverbs,theattentionshouldbepaidtodelivertheexactmeaning,meanwhilethelanguagecharacterhasalsotobeconcerned.ThoughEnglishandChinesearetotallytwodifferentlanguages,buttheyhavemuchincommononproverb,forinstant,proverbsintwolanguagesarebothsimpleandalive;mostofthemrhymewithtidystructuresandvividmetaphor.Ontheotherhand,ProverbiskindsofreflectionofculturethatconveythefeaturesofacountryaswellasthetranslationofEnglishproverb.Asweknow,thebothtwolanguageshavecenturies-oldhistory,religionandliterature.SoproverbslearningcanbeagoodwaytounderstandEnglish-speakingcountries.Mr.ZhuGuangqiansays:“Themostdifficulttounderstandandtranslateaboutforeignliteratureistheassociatedmeaning”,“Ithasthespecificemotionalatmosphere,quitedeepanddelicate;youmaynotfinditinthedictionary,butitisveryimportanttoliterature.Ifwedon’tknowthehabitsandcustomsaswellastheculturalhistoricbackground,we’llbeatsea,especiallywhenwetranslatetheassociatedmeaning.”加入引文出处Byanalyzingthesortofproverb,onecanunderstandthefeatures,subaudiencesandalsotheauthorcategorizesproverbintoseveralsections,fromgeography,custom,andculturetocomparethedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishproverbs.Throughthestudyofproverb,goodunderstandingmaybewellappliedtothetranslationofproverbs.Asforthemethodsoftranslation,suchasliteraltranslation,freetranslation,orthecombinationoftwowaysoftranslationwhichdependonthefeaturesoflanguageandculturalbackgroundoftheproverbs.1WhatisProverb?1.1TheDefinitionofProverb“Aproverbisabrieffamiliarmaximoffolkwisdom,usuallycompressedinform,ofteninvolvingaboldimageandfrequentlyajinglethatcatchesthememory.”(NY:Longman,1976:889)“Aproverbisashortsaying incommonusethatstrikinglyexpressessomeobvioustruthorfamiliarexperience.”(NY:MacmillanGeneralreference,1988:1083)前面加一句引言Soproverbisconsideredasapopularshortsayingwithwords13 ofadviceorwarningwhichiscreatedamongpeopleasagreatintellectualachievementfromtheirunderstandingofthenatureandsociety.Proverbiscommononstyle,neatonstructure,vividonlanguageandprofoundonmeaning.“Proverbisthedaughterofdailyexperience.”“Aproverbismuchmatterdecoctedintofewwords.”(JinHuikang,2004:421)Asalegacyofancestors,proverbcontainstheexperiencesthattheancestorshaveconcludedorthewisdomsoftruth.Fromthedefinitionsabovewemayfindoutthatproverbisageneraltruthandgivesadviceandwarningwhichinvolvesaboldimage,musicalrhymeorcompressedformandbringsrealityandvividnesstothereadersandsotheyareeasytomemorize.1.2TheCategoriesofProverbProverbcanbeseenasabrillianttreasuretoaculture,itreflectseveryaspectofonesociety.However,suchmanyproverbscanbedividedintocategories.1.2.1FromProductionExperiencesLanguagedevelopsalongwiththesocietyaswellastheproverb.LotsofEnglishproverbsarecreatedbyfarmersfromthepredictionoftheagriculturalproductionandtheweathersincetheytiesupwiththecropsandweather.Theseproverbsaretheexperiencesoftheiryearsoffarmingwhichiscloselyrelatedtothereharvestandhappiness,sotheyknowsthemverywell.Forexample:WhenAprilblowsitshorn,it’sgoodbothforhayandcorn.(四月打雷，谷草成堆)Itneverrainsbutitpours.(不雨则已，一雨倾盆)Makehaywhilethesunshines.(晒草要趁晴天)Ayearofsnow,ayearofplenty.(瑞雪兆丰年)Hethatbytheploughwouldthrive,himselfmusteitherholdordrive.(想要种地发家，就得扶犁赶马)1.2.2FromLifeExperiencesThereareakindofproverbsthatembodiesthehappiness,joy,tearsandpain.Someareevenbloody:Howsharperthanaserpent’stoothitistohaveathanklesschild(逆子无情甚于蛇蝎).Thisisaproverbthataheartbrokenfatherdescribeshisviciousson.Wecanimaginetheevilfaceofthesonandthepoorparentswhoareleftunattendedwithoutcare,waitingfordeath.Warisdeath’sfeast(战争是死亡的宴席).Inallages,warisallaboutdeaths,brokenfamilies.Isn’tthewarisexactlyafeastof13 death?Hethattaughtthemalltheirtrickskeptoneforhimself(教人百艺留一艺).Thisonemaybeconcludedfromtherealstoryoftheungratefulstudentwhobetrayedhisownteacher.1.2.3FromMasterpiecesandMottosBritainisanoldEuropeancountryaffectedbyancientRomeandGreeceandfamousofherachievementonliterature.Themottosarewidelyreadbypeoplefromallovertheworld;Shakespeareisoneofthemostfamouswriters.Peoplehavesummarizedmanyproverbsfromhismasterpieces.Brevityisthesoulofwit.(简洁是智慧的灵魂)-HamletOneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.(只燕不成夏)Lendyourmoneyandloseyourfriend.(钱财借出，友谊丧失)-HamletSomebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.(一些书可以品味，另外一些可以吞食，少数一些书可以咀嚼和消化)1.2.4FromtheBibleBritainisaChristiancountryreinedbythearchyaswellastheKingforalongperiodinthehistory.ForthisreasonthereareplentyofEnglishproverbsderivedfromtheBible.Aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth.(以牙还牙,以眼还眼).ThisproverbisaquotationfromExodus21:23-27inwhichapersonwhohastakentheeyeofanotherinafightisinstructedtogivehisowneyeincompensation.Freelyyouhavereceived,freelygive.(白白的得来，也要白白的舍去).ThisoneisaquotationfromMatthew10:8.Itmeansthatoneshouldletthefreethingsgosinceheneverpaysforthem.Therearemoreexamples:Whoeverdigsapitmayfallintoit.151　Whoeverdigsap(挖陷坑的，自己必掉在其中)Whoeverquarriesstonesmaybeinjuredbythem;whoeversplitslogsmaybeendangeredbythem.(凿开石头的，必受损伤；擘开木头的，必遭危险)Morestrengthisneededbutskillwillbringsuccess.　　　挖陷坑的，自己必掉在其中。－－《(得智慧指教，便有益处)1.2.5ToConveytheTruthBytheformingofthecivilizationandthesocietypeoplestruggleagainstthenatureaswellasthepeoplethemselves.Graduallysomeprinciplesareacceptedbythemassesandthoseprinciplesspreadfarandwidesothatmoreandmorepeopleacknowledgethemasthetruth.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(有志者事竟成)13 ItisoneofthemostfamousEnglishproverbswhichencouragespeoplenottoloosefaithsincethestrongwillleadsonetosuccess.Ifyouhavetheinclinationanddeterminationforsomething,youwillalwaysbeabletofindawaytowardthegoal.Thereisnothinghopelessorimpossibleifyouareresoluteenough.Theproverbhasbecomeanacceptedwisdomforitsspread.(MartinHManser,2002:277)Therearemoreexamples:Amother’sloveneverchanges.(母爱永不变)Honestypays.(诚实必有好报)Timeismoney.(时间就是金钱)Historyrepeatsitself.(历史往往重演)Cheatsneverprosper.(骗人发不了财)1.2.6LoanProverbBritainisacountrywithdevelopednavigationtechnologyfromofoldanditfrequentlyconnectswithothercontinentandcountries.LatinusedtobepopularinEnglandandFrenchwasoncetheofficiallanguageofEngland.Therefore,thereareafewproverbsfromLatinandotherlanguageswhichreservetheirthoughtsandwisdoms.Nothingcomesfromnothing.(无风不起浪)–LatinproverbPutthecartbeforethehorse.(本末倒置)–FrenchproverbArtislong,lifeisshort.(艺术永存，生命短暂)–LatinproverbBurntbairnsdreadthefire.(一朝被蛇咬三年怕井绳)–RussianproverbAppetitecomeswitheating.(胃口越吃越大)–Frenchproverb13 2ThecomparisonofChineseandEnglishproverb2.1SubauditionofProverbSomeproverbshaveasubaudition,connotativeandprofound.Ifwetranslatethemliterallyandignoretheoriginalmeanings,theversionwouldfailtoconveytheprecisemeaningoftheoriginalandmeanwhiletheliquidandfluentwordsbecomedeadanddull.Therefore,theChineseproverbwhichhasapproximatemeaningwouldmaketheversionvividandaccurate.Forexample,themanwhoisborninastableisnotahorsemeansapersondoesnotnecessarilyhavethestereotypicalcharacteristicsoftheplacewhereheorshewasborn,ifonetranslateitlikethis“在马厩里出生的人不是马”thenpeoplemaybeconfusedbutiftheversiongoeslikethis“鸡窝里可以飞出金凤凰”thenthereaderunderstandsatonce.标点Translatinginfairweatherprepareforthefoulto“未雨绸缪”or“居安思危”ismuchbetterthan“晴天要防阴天”.Translatingaman’swordisasgoodashisbondto“人的话是契约”istoodulland“一言既出，驷马难追”wouldbemoreprecise.SomeEnglishproverbsusecontrastasarhetoricaldeviceinordertoemphasizethemoodandconvincepeople.E.g.:youmaytakeahorsetothewater,butyoucan’tmakeitdrink.Ifonetranslateitlikethis“你可以把马牵到河边去，但不能叫它饮水”,thesharpcontrastwouldbeneglected.Inthiskindofsituation,theversionshouldbeneatandcontrastive.“牵马河边易，逼它饮水难”or“老牛不喝水，不能强按头”Differentproverbsrefertodifferentethicsandphilosophy,practicemakesperfectandallworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboythistwoproverbsconveytotallydifferentviewonstudyandwork,theformeremphasizesonhardworkingwhilethelatterprefersabalancebetweenworkandleisure.Youarenevertoooldtolearnandyoucan’tteachanolddognewtricksalsomakepeopleconfused.Theformerinsiststhatoldpeopleshouldkeeplearnnewthings-aphilosophyoftolearnuntildeath;thelattermeansthatoldpeoplemightfailtolearnnewknowledgeandskill,theeffectisaffectedbyage.Somehaveobviousdifferencesonlanguagecharacterandculturebackgroundandatthesametimetheobjectofthemetaphorisquitedifferent.语法Howevertheyareidenticalonsubaudiences.语法Whenwetranslatethiskindofproverbs,tomaintainthesubaudienceandchangetheformisagoodidea.Theversionconveystheoriginalmeaningandholdsthestructure.Twocanplaythegame(孤掌难鸣);speakofthe13 devil,andheappears(说曹操，曹操就到);thegrassisgreenerontheothersideofthehill(这山望着那山高).2.2ReligionBothEnglishandChineseproverbsaredeeplyaffectedbyreligionsthought,buttherearealsodistinctions.EnglishproverbisaffectedbyChristianitywhichreflectstheethicsandrules.E.g.:Norespecterofpersons.(一视同仁)Manproposes,Goddisposes.(谋事在人成事在天)AndtheChineseproverbisrelatedtoConfucianism,BuddhismandTaoism,forexample:“养儿防老,积谷防饥”isthethoughtsofConfucianism,“不看僧面看佛面”isfromBuddhismand“饶人不是痴，过后讨便宜”referstoTaoism.Religionisanaspectofpeople’sspirituallife;itmaydeeplyaffectanation.TherearealsomanyproverbsaboutreligionsofChineseandEnglishproverbs.InChinesewehave“借花献佛”,“无事不登三宝殿”,“乐极生悲”andetc.ThethoughtsofConfucianismoccupyanimportantplaceaswell.Theancestorshadleftgreattreasures:“严于律己，宽以待人”,“恭敬不如从命”,“身在福中不知福”and“天下兴亡匹夫有责”.InwesterncountriespeoplebelieveinGod,Godistheonlyspiritwithsupremacy.SotherearealsoplentyofproverbsrelatedtoChristianity:Naturedoesnothinginvain.(造物主无所不能);Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.(上帝帮助自助的人);Intherightchurch,butinthewrongpew.(进对了教堂，但坐错了椅子)2.3ValuesThethemeofwesternvalueisindividualism,relativetothesociety,theyemphasizeontheself-relianceandliberty.Don’tputyourfingerinthepie.Ittellspeopletocareabouttheirownbusinessbutnottointerferetheothers.Tryingtobeefficientandoptimisticistheirattitudeontime.Theproverbtimeismoneyissimilarto“一寸光阴一寸金”literally,buttheformerstatesanimpressiontocreatewealthasmuchasonecouldwithinalimittime.Punctualityisthesoulofbusinessreflectsanattitudeoftime.Affectedbyindividualism,thewesternerspaycloseattentiontotheprivacyastheage,income,religionisallseenassecret.JustliketheproverbofAnEnglishman’13 shomeishiscastle.TraditionallyChinesepeopledonothavethatmany“secrets”.Comparewiththeindividualism,Chinesepeopleadvocatecollectivismforthethousandsofyearsofdominationbythefeudaldynasties.“一个好汉三个帮”and“众人拾柴火焰高”embodiesatypicalpowerofcollectivity.2.4HistoryandCultureIntheEnglishandChineseproverbs,lotsofwordsarerelatedtospecifichistoryandculturebackground.Soagoodunderstandingofthebackgroundisnecessary.ThefollowingtwoproverbshavethesimilarmeaningbuttheformerisrelatedtoChristianityandthelatterisabouthistory.Speakofangelsandyouwillheartheirwings.说曹操，曹操就到.TheproverbLoveisBlindwhichisderivedfromwesternmythologyEroscompareswith情人眼里出西施theChineseversionhasanobvioushistoricaltrace.Thebreadneverfallsbutonitsbutteredsideand“人倒霉，吃豆腐也塞牙”showsdifferentstylesofliving.Don’tcarrygoalstoNewcastleand“要倒贩槟榔到广东”aresimilarbutwithdifferentbackgrounds.Newcastleisacoal-shippingportinBritainandGuangdongisrichinareca.Furthermore,thereareEnglishandChineseproverbssinceoneisfromdailylifeandtheotherisfromhistoryorculturebackground:Menleapoverwherethehedgeislowestand“雷公打豆腐，专拣软的欺”;Twoheadsarebetterthanoneand“三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮”3MethodsofproverbstranslationSincelanguageisawaytoexpressculture,theChineseandEnglishproverbreflectstheirculturalfeatures.Thepurposeoftranslationistoexpressthemeaningoftheoriginalarticlefaithfully.Asculturesarenotidentical,so删去thetranslatorshouldnoticethesubaudiancewhichisthemeaningoftheproverb.Literaltranslationandfreetranslationaretwomodernandprovedmethodsoftranslationandtheauthorthinksthesetwoarenotisolated,whichmeanstheyarecloselyconnected.Wecannotsayatranslationiscompletelyliteralorfree,sometimesthetwomethodsarecombined.Ifliteraltranslationcouldconveythemeaningoftheoriginalproverbthenitisperfect,otherwiseonlyfreetranslationcandeliverthehiddenmeaningandalsomaketheversionvividandattractive.13 3.1LiteralTranslationLiteraltranslationistotranslatetheproverbword-for去掉连词号wordandreservetheoriginalcharacter,metaphorandimage.SometimesweareattractedbythevividandsmartdescriptionsbetweenthelineswhenwereadEnglishtextsandliteraltranslationistheonlywayofpresentingthesebeautiesoflanguagetothereaders.LiteraltranslationisthemainwaytotranslateEnglishproverb.Forexample,Amongtheblindtheone-eyedmanisking(盲人国里，独眼为王),thoughwehaveaChineseversionof“山中无老虎，猴子称大王”buttheEnglishproverbconveysthesamemeaninginatotallydifferentway.WecanseetheculturaldifferencehereandexperiencetheEnglishtaste.Furtherexamples:Bloodisthickerthanwater.(血浓于水)Hewholaughsbestwholaughslast.(谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好)Knowledgeispower.(知识就是力量)Inordertoexplainwhyliteraltranslationshouldbethemainmethodoftransition,wecanseemoreexamples:Anunfortunatemanwouldbedrownedinateacup.(倒霉的人经不起一点风浪)(人一倒霉，一杯茶也能淹死)Thedevilmaygetinbythekeyhole,butthedoorwon’tlethimout.(魔障一生，便难降服)(魔鬼可以从锁孔里出来，但开着门也请不出去)Blindthesackbeforeitisfull.(凡事适可而止)(袋子要在装满前扎住)Drawnotyourbowtillyourarrowisfixed.(三思而后行)(箭没搭好，先别拉弓)Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.(十佘不如一现)(双鸟在林，不如一鸟在手)Oldbirdsarenottobecaughtwithchaff.(有经验的人不易上老圈套)(秕糠捉不到老鸟)Catchthebearbeforeyousellhisskin.(不要高兴的太早)(没有捉到熊，别想先卖皮)Experiencekeepsnoschool,sheteachesherpupilssingly.(只有亲身取得的才是经验)(经验不办学校，她只单个教练)Whenthecat’saway,themicewillplay.(阎王不在，小鬼跳梁)13 (猫不在，老鼠成精)Learntocreepbeforeyouleap.(按部就班，循序渐进)(先学爬，后学走)Twoversionsareofferedfortranslationoftheabove-mentionedproverbs,theliteraltranslatedoneshavesuccessfullyreservetheoriginalmeaningsandimagesandthefreetranslatedonesarelackoffreshnessandforeigntastes.Consequentlytheauthorfeelsthatliteraltranslationshouldbefrequentlyused.3.2FreeTranslation3.2.1FreeTranslationindifferentEnglishandChineseproverbsLiteraltranslationisnottheonlymethodoftranslatingEnglishproverbs.ThereareusuallysomemetaphorsordescriptionshardtounderstandforChinesereaderssincethereferredstoriesarerelatedtospecificbackgrounds.Thenanothermethodoftranslation–freetranslation–shouldbeappliedwhichmeanswecanchangetheimageintoanotherimagethatpeoplearefamiliarwith,sothatwecantransmitthepurposeofthearticleandtranslatethehiddenmeaning.Forexample:WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Ifwetranslateitliterally,thereadermightbeconfused:whyitisinRome,notsomewhereelse?Infact,itshiddenmeaningid“doasthelocalpeopledo”.Sowetranslateitinto“入乡随俗”.Itwillbemorevividifitistranslated“到什么山，唱什么歌”.But,weshouldchoosethetranslationdependonthecontext.Weknow“dragon”hasdifferentmeaninginEnglishandChineseculture.So,whenwetranslateLikefather,likesontotheChineseproverb“龙生龙，凤生凤”.SomeChinesewordsaresimplewithmanymeanings.Somethingunexpectedmayhappenanytimeisanormalproverb,butwecanmakeitthisway:天有不测风云.TheEnglishproverbthedogthatwillfetchabonewillcarryabone.WhenitistranslatedintoChinese,theword“dog”and“bone”cannotbetranslatedliterally.Wemustgiveupitsliteralmeaninganditsfigurativeandtranslateitshiddenmeaning:“当着你说别人坏话的人，也会说你的坏话.”Therearealsosomeotherexampleswhichshouldusefreetranslation:Itisanillwindthatblownobodygood.(对忍忍有害之事，天下少有)Everymanhasafoolinhissleeve.(人人都有糊涂之时)3.2.2FreetranslationinsimilarproverbsinEnglishandChinese13 TherearemanysameandsimilarproverbsinEnglishandChinese.Theyhavethesameliteralmeaningandsubaudienceastheauthorhasmentioned.Thefigurativeofthiskindofproverbsisalmostthesamesotheycanbedirectlytranslated.E.g.:Practicemakesperfect.(孰能生巧)Exampleisbetterthanprecept.(身教胜于言传)Easycome,easygo.(来的容易，去的容易)Strikewhiletheironishot.(趁热打铁)Wallshaveears.(隔墙有耳)Constantdroppingwearsthestone.(水滴石穿)Misfortunesnevercomesingle.(祸不单行)Bitterpillsmayhavewholesomeeffects.(良药苦口利于病)Whenwineisintruthisout.(酒后吐真言)Habitisasecondnature.(习惯成自然)Everymantohistaste.(百人吃百味)Exampleisbetterthanprecept.(身教重于言教)Harmset,harmget.(害人害己)TheproverbsabovehavetheidenticalEnglishandChinesemeanings.Literallyitisakindoffreetranslationaswell.3.3CombinationofLiteralandFreeTranslationUsuallyliteraltranslationcouldnotexpressthemeaningpreciselyandthenwehadbettercombinetheliteraltranslationandfreetranslationtogether.Forinstance,Everybirdlikesitsownnest,wemaytranslateitliterally:每个鸟都爱自己的巢.这类例子都单起一行，和上面一样。Howeveritlooksalittlebitobscuresincethereadermightbeconfusedaboutthemainideaoftheproverb–isitemphasison“love”or“nest”?Sowecouldtranslateitthisway:鸟爱自己的巢，人爱自己的家.Thusthereadercouldclearlyunderstandthemeaning–itistryingtotellpeoplehowsignificantthefamilyis.Letsleepingdogslie.(睡狗莫惹，量小易怒)Toawakeasleepingdogmightbedangerousbecauseitwillbiteyou.Itisalittlevagueifwetranslatetheproverbinto“不要去惹睡觉的狗”,soweaddthederivedmeaningtomaketheversionmoreaccurate.Andthatisatypicalexampleofthecombinationoftheliteralandfree13 translation.Andtherearemoreexamples:Abargainisabargain.(契约终究是契约，成交不可妄毁)Everycloudhasasilverlining.(朵朵乌云衬白底，黑暗之中有光明)4ConclusionProverbisatreasureoflanguageandalsoakindofsocialphenomenonandcloselyrelatedtoculture.Proverbrepresentsthefeaturesofanationandrecordscultureanditsdevelopment.Aproverbisashortwell-knownsayingthatstatusageneraltruth,orgivesadvice.TheEnglishtranslationofproverbisnoteasy.ManyfactorsshouldbeconcernedjustlikeEnglishculture,Chineseculturewhilesometimesthetwoofthemarerelated.Sometimestheyhavedifferentliteralmeaning,butthesamehiddenmeaning.Allofthesearecausedbythedifferencesofthetwokindsofcultures.Wehavetorealizetheimportanceoftheculturalbackground.Therearethreedifferentmethodsoftranslation–literaltranslation,freetranslationandthecombinationofthetwo.Wecanneverfindaperfectwayoftranslatingaproverbsoweshouldapplythethreemethodsflexibly.Thepurposeistotranslateaproverbwithfaithfulness,expressiveandelegance.However,languageisrichandcolorful,itdiffersinthousandsofways,andEnglishandChineseproverbsarethesame.So,anarticlecan’tcoverallthesituationsthatproverbshave,therearemoretobestudied.13 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AcknowledgementsFirstandforemost,Iwouldliketoshowmydeepestgratitudetomysupervisor,Ms.HouBohua,arespectableteacherwhohasprovidedmewithvaluableguidanceineverystageofthewritingofthisthesis.Withoutherenlighteninginstruction,impressivekindnessandpatience,Icouldnothavecompletedmythesis.Mygratitudealsogoestothoseteacherswhotaughtmeandhelpedmeduringthesefouryears.Itisthemwhohelpmetoattainalotofbasicskillsandabundantprofessionalknowledge,whichareofgreatbenefittomeinmygraduationthesis.Lastbutnotleast,Iwouldliketothankallmyfriendsandfamilies,especiallymyroommateswhoaccompanyandsupportme.13