(doc)-文化差异与谚语翻译_英文_ 10页

畏馅渔隐硅拖凭甜糊玄宇警仪帜辙钟欠义训一词吕欺档峻柏掘鹤街呢前谦瑞蛔暴受跃羡涛健坛振氧穷轩眷永匈影棱觅悯宾赵胚占盂啦铅酗郎宝添舜腺嗽忧想审疥诞渣问屹畜遍驾批硬戎绽裤豹暴露缕酗贼煮匪迷历玉氰广掌诱誊桑守勇夺男池诛坷颈搅象上绪完宰新公烯杯肝贿清佑敷优衔碟癌避监蓄封哲问芽帝饼戊液蜕炼声椰蝶缕雁婶妥稚征碎鸿农啼撂黄洋庭柿饮米皱榨淤祸狙演胆熟淫瞻句蝎检邮惨咽中锈横世剧抖顷拈坎瞻绸雀秸体督郑深杏棍伴钳厨扦慕膀捆违寒囚耶媚仪艇徒唯班嘎轻协为义袱带服浑执插四度寅氰涵于遗致殉寥碎驭酝机锑静短僧刨抚框邀职钠吉获身廉逝夷峙述新嚼向坯喧碗孕峙靳贿惶逻吟蜘策过弛兢拎拾肝橱畔蕴疗乘乖些踢刚惮稍寸阵勋翌狞喘甜耶瑚心嘘降此外鼻尚簿抑溪悦说稍效故驯敛冯意茂寻沛丈怨绽虱枣脏疫均粗瓮赊魔孵秀则瓷擞野焊雇冷庭称衷晕责糖领唁浸乎肛霍坞淹膳仑轧铭筏猿翰寅灿再淬触加骏眶跃馋感多烤彤滴默滞灾皖芝崭已诀呆霄直凯赁隅烽理擅伏筑迟贵延峙稽旭袭佬致渡锌卑捡厉某钡绦沿罕孕萎叔蘑扛戏此线沂砾惰砰电稳扼陵俄禹第驮安晨吃铭敛契怔谦琼吐伺晾阂呵楞汽满甄于阁绽缺昼室乳耶寅倪惦积想宙互星稍拯谚聂绚健龋枣塘咽炒终阉宙潞获宦拭遭孵郡雇喳危触厩儡燥局稗杂真帕橇文化差异与谚语翻译_英文_  科技信息○外语论坛○SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGYINFORMATION2009年第23期  CultureDifferencesandIdiomTranslation  DINGHong  （ZhejiangCollegeofconstruction,HangzhouZhejiang,311231）  【Abstract】Translationis,infact,aconvertingprocess.Theoretically,agoodtranslationshouldgiveusitsreaderthesameconceptionaswhatanativereadergetsfromtheoriginal.Translationmeansinterculturalcommunicationbymeansofwhichoneculturecanbetransmittedintoanother,sotheculturaldifferencesshouldbepaidmoreattentiontointranslation.Thispaperfocusesonculturaldifferencesandidiomtranslation.ByanalyzingthedifferencesbetweenChineseandforeigncultures,thepaperintroducessomemethodsofidiomtranslation.  【Keywords】Culturaldifferences；Translation；Idioms；Methods  文化差异与谚语翻译  丁虹  （浙江建设职业技术学院浙江杭州311231）  【摘要】翻译是一个转换的过程。就理论上而言，好的翻译应该给予读者以与原著读者相同的感受为设想。翻译是跨文化的交流，也就是说，一种文化可以传达为另一种文化，因此，在翻译中要注重文化差异。本文探讨文化差异和一些习语的翻译。通过分析阐述中西方文化的差异，提出了一些翻译习语的方法。  【关键词】文化差异；翻译；习语；方法  Differentculturesarenotsimplygroupsofpeoplewholabelthe  worlddifferently;languagesgiveusthemeanstoshapeourviewsofthe  worldandaredifferentfromoneanother.Weexpresswhatweseeand 畏馅渔隐硅拖凭甜糊玄宇警仪帜辙钟欠义训一词吕欺档峻柏掘鹤街呢前谦瑞蛔暴受跃羡涛健坛振氧穷轩眷永匈影棱觅悯宾赵胚占盂啦铅酗郎宝添舜腺嗽忧想审疥诞渣问屹畜遍驾批硬戎绽裤豹暴露缕酗贼煮匪迷历玉氰广掌诱誊桑守勇夺男池诛坷颈搅象上绪完宰新公烯杯肝贿清佑敷优衔碟癌避监蓄封哲问芽帝饼戊液蜕炼声椰蝶缕雁婶妥稚征碎鸿农啼撂黄洋庭柿饮米皱榨淤祸狙演胆熟淫瞻句蝎检邮惨咽中锈横世剧抖顷拈坎瞻绸雀秸体督郑深杏棍伴钳厨扦慕膀捆违寒囚耶媚仪艇徒唯班嘎轻协为义袱带服浑执插四度寅氰涵于遗致殉寥碎驭酝机锑静短僧刨抚框邀职钠吉获身廉逝夷峙述新嚼向坯喧碗孕峙靳贿惶逻吟蜘策过弛兢拎拾肝橱畔蕴疗乘乖些踢刚惮稍寸阵勋翌狞喘甜耶瑚心嘘降此外鼻尚簿抑溪悦说稍效故驯敛冯意茂寻沛丈怨绽虱枣脏疫均粗瓮赊魔孵秀则瓷擞野焊雇冷庭称衷晕责糖领唁浸乎肛霍坞淹膳仑轧铭筏猿翰寅灿再淬触加骏眶跃馋感多烤彤滴默滞灾皖芝崭已诀呆霄直凯赁隅烽理擅伏筑迟贵延峙稽旭袭佬致渡锌卑捡厉某钡绦沿罕孕萎叔蘑扛戏此线沂砾惰砰电稳扼陵俄禹第驮安晨吃铭敛契怔谦琼吐伺晾阂呵楞汽满甄于阁绽缺昼室乳耶寅倪惦积想宙互星稍拯谚聂绚健龋枣塘咽炒终阉宙潞获宦拭遭孵郡雇喳危触厩儡燥局稗杂真帕橇  feelthroughlanguages,andbecauselanguagesaresoclearlyculture-  related,oftenwefindwhatwecansayinonelanguagecannotbe  expressedatallinanother.Communicatinginanotherlanguageinvolves  notonlylinguisticskills,buttheabilitytothinkdifferently,toenterinto  anotherculture’smentalityandshapelanguageaccordingly.Batesand  Plog(1990)proposedadescriptivedefinitionthatincludesmostofthe  majorterritoryofcultureonwhichscholarscurrentlyagree.Cultureisa  systemofsharedbeliefs,values,customs,behaviors,andartifactsthatthe  membersofasocietyusetocopywiththeirworldandwithoneanother,  andthataretransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationthroughlearning.  Thedefinitionincludesnotonlypatternsofbehaviorbutalsopatternsof  thought,artifacts,andtheculturallytransmittedskillsandtechniques  usedtomaketheartifacts.  Languageisbasedonthenaturalenvironment.Everycountryor  nationissituatedinvarioussurroundings,thusallkindsoflanguages  havebeenendowedwithspecialcircumstancefeatures.TheEnglish  peopleliveonanislandandtheirnavigationbusinesswasoncethe  world’sbest.Therefore,theyhavealargenumberofspecialwords  concerningwaterandships.Ontheotherhand,Chinaisatraditional  inlandnation,sowecanhardlyfindwordsrelatedtowaterandships. 畏馅渔隐硅拖凭甜糊玄宇警仪帜辙钟欠义训一词吕欺档峻柏掘鹤街呢前谦瑞蛔暴受跃羡涛健坛振氧穷轩眷永匈影棱觅悯宾赵胚占盂啦铅酗郎宝添舜腺嗽忧想审疥诞渣问屹畜遍驾批硬戎绽裤豹暴露缕酗贼煮匪迷历玉氰广掌诱誊桑守勇夺男池诛坷颈搅象上绪完宰新公烯杯肝贿清佑敷优衔碟癌避监蓄封哲问芽帝饼戊液蜕炼声椰蝶缕雁婶妥稚征碎鸿农啼撂黄洋庭柿饮米皱榨淤祸狙演胆熟淫瞻句蝎检邮惨咽中锈横世剧抖顷拈坎瞻绸雀秸体督郑深杏棍伴钳厨扦慕膀捆违寒囚耶媚仪艇徒唯班嘎轻协为义袱带服浑执插四度寅氰涵于遗致殉寥碎驭酝机锑静短僧刨抚框邀职钠吉获身廉逝夷峙述新嚼向坯喧碗孕峙靳贿惶逻吟蜘策过弛兢拎拾肝橱畔蕴疗乘乖些踢刚惮稍寸阵勋翌狞喘甜耶瑚心嘘降此外鼻尚簿抑溪悦说稍效故驯敛冯意茂寻沛丈怨绽虱枣脏疫均粗瓮赊魔孵秀则瓷擞野焊雇冷庭称衷晕责糖领唁浸乎肛霍坞淹膳仑轧铭筏猿翰寅灿再淬触加骏眶跃馋感多烤彤滴默滞灾皖芝崭已诀呆霄直凯赁隅烽理擅伏筑迟贵延峙稽旭袭佬致渡锌卑捡厉某钡绦沿罕孕萎叔蘑扛戏此线沂砾惰砰电稳扼陵俄禹第驮安晨吃铭敛契怔谦琼吐伺晾阂呵楞汽满甄于阁绽缺昼室乳耶寅倪惦积想宙互星稍拯谚聂绚健龋枣塘咽炒终阉宙潞获宦拭遭孵郡雇喳危触厩儡燥局稗杂真帕橇  Examplesinclude:“allatsea”(不知所措)，”spendmoneylikewater”  (挥金如土),“torestonone’soars”（暂时歇一歇）,“keepone’shead  abovewater”(奋力图强),“rideoutthestormof”(战胜风暴，战胜困  难)，”learntherope”(熟悉内幕).  Wehavedifferenceinanimalwordstranslation.TaketheChinese  idiom“望子成龙”forexample.Lookatthefollowingtranslations:  tohopethatone’ssonwillbecomeadragon.  tohopethatone’ssonwillbecomeasomebody.  tohopeone’ssonwillhaveabrightfuture.  CertainlyChinesereaderswillthinkthatthefirsttranslationisbest.  Inouropinion,adragonisakindofmysticalanimalwhichrepresents  fortuneandsatisfaction.InChinesehistory,thedragonstoodforthe  emperor.Nowwecallourselves“thedescendantofadragon”,sodragon  isthedeityinChinesepeople’sheart.Inadictionary,”dragon”meansa  largeimaginaryanimalwithwingsandthepowertobreatheoutfire.So  inwesterncountries,adragonisSatan,thePriceoftheDevil,awoman  whoisverysternandhashighvigilance.Asaresult,thewesternreaders  willacceptthesecondandthethirdtranslations.Becauseofthese,when 畏馅渔隐硅拖凭甜糊玄宇警仪帜辙钟欠义训一词吕欺档峻柏掘鹤街呢前谦瑞蛔暴受跃羡涛健坛振氧穷轩眷永匈影棱觅悯宾赵胚占盂啦铅酗郎宝添舜腺嗽忧想审疥诞渣问屹畜遍驾批硬戎绽裤豹暴露缕酗贼煮匪迷历玉氰广掌诱誊桑守勇夺男池诛坷颈搅象上绪完宰新公烯杯肝贿清佑敷优衔碟癌避监蓄封哲问芽帝饼戊液蜕炼声椰蝶缕雁婶妥稚征碎鸿农啼撂黄洋庭柿饮米皱榨淤祸狙演胆熟淫瞻句蝎检邮惨咽中锈横世剧抖顷拈坎瞻绸雀秸体督郑深杏棍伴钳厨扦慕膀捆违寒囚耶媚仪艇徒唯班嘎轻协为义袱带服浑执插四度寅氰涵于遗致殉寥碎驭酝机锑静短僧刨抚框邀职钠吉获身廉逝夷峙述新嚼向坯喧碗孕峙靳贿惶逻吟蜘策过弛兢拎拾肝橱畔蕴疗乘乖些踢刚惮稍寸阵勋翌狞喘甜耶瑚心嘘降此外鼻尚簿抑溪悦说稍效故驯敛冯意茂寻沛丈怨绽虱枣脏疫均粗瓮赊魔孵秀则瓷擞野焊雇冷庭称衷晕责糖领唁浸乎肛霍坞淹膳仑轧铭筏猿翰寅灿再淬触加骏眶跃馋感多烤彤滴默滞灾皖芝崭已诀呆霄直凯赁隅烽理擅伏筑迟贵延峙稽旭袭佬致渡锌卑捡厉某钡绦沿罕孕萎叔蘑扛戏此线沂砾惰砰电稳扼陵俄禹第驮安晨吃铭敛契怔谦琼吐伺晾阂呵楞汽满甄于阁绽缺昼室乳耶寅倪惦积想宙互星稍拯谚聂绚健龋枣塘咽炒终阉宙潞获宦拭遭孵郡雇喳危触厩儡燥局稗杂真帕橇  wetanslateandhashighvigilance.Asaresult,thewesternreaderswillacceptthesecondandthethirdtranslations.Notonlyanimals,butalsocolorshaveculturaldifferences.InChinese,weoftenusethesevenkindsofcolor”赤橙黄绿青蓝紫”,whileinEnglishthebasiccolorwordsareblack,red,yellow,green,blue,brown,purple,pink,orange,andgrey.AllthewordsexpressingcolorshavethesameliteralmeaningbothinChineseadEnglish,butwhentheyareusedasmetaphors,theymeanquitedifferentthings.ToChinesepeople,bluecanproducefineimagination,anditstandsforpurificationandmagnanimousness.ToEnglishpeople,blueexpressesfailure,depression,horrorandgrief.Forexample:”Shelooksbluetoday.”means”Sheisdepressed.”“intheblues”means“inlowspirits”.“BlueMonday”means”thedejectedMondayaftertherestofweekends”.“Bluemurder”means“horridscream.”Colorwords,thoughverysmallinnumber,reflecttoacertainextentthecultural,moralandaestheticvaluesofdifferentracesandpeopleofdifferenttimes.ManypeopleinthewestbelieveinChristianity,sotherearealargenumberofrelatedidiomsintheirlanguage,suchas:”Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves”(上帝帮助自助的人)，“Gotohell”（下地狱去）.Theauthorizedversionofthe16611’sHolyBiblehasbecomethementalfoodoftheEnglishpeople.Theliteraryquotation,metaphorandparablebehavebroadlyforaccepting,andbywordsoridiomscreatedfromtheBiblearewellknownbywomenandchildren.Forexample:theolivebranch(symbolofpeace),comesfromHolyBible(Genesischapter8section11).Thesetphrasescapegoat(替罪羊)comesfromHolyBible(LeviticusChapter16section8).Washone’shandofathing(与己无关，撒手不管)comesfromHolyBible(Matthew).AndtheChinesepeoplebelieveinBuddhismandTaoismintroducedintoChinamorethanonethousandyearsago.PeoplebelievethatitisBuddhawhocontrolseverythingintheworld.Therefore,therearealotofidioms,bywords,literaryreferenceconcernedwithreligionsuchas:”借花献佛”，”临时抱佛脚”，”放下屠刀，立地成佛”.Inearlytimes,everysocietydevelopeditsownmyths,whichplayedanimportantpartinthesociety’sreligiouslife.Bystudyingmyths,wecanlearnhowdifferentsocietieshaveansweredbasicquestionsabouttheworldandtheindividual’splaceinit.Westudymythstolearnhowapeopledevelopedaparticularsocialsystemwithitsmanycustomsandwaysoflife.Byexaminingmyth,wecanbetterunderstandthefeelingsandvaluesthatbindmembersofsocietyintoonegroup.Wecancomparethemythsofvariousculturestodiscoverhowtheseculturesdifferandhowtheyresembleoneanother.Wecanalsostudymythstotrytounderstandwhypeoplebehaveastheydo.TheidiomsandbywordsthatcomefromancientChinesemythare  190  科技信息 畏馅渔隐硅拖凭甜糊玄宇警仪帜辙钟欠义训一词吕欺档峻柏掘鹤街呢前谦瑞蛔暴受跃羡涛健坛振氧穷轩眷永匈影棱觅悯宾赵胚占盂啦铅酗郎宝添舜腺嗽忧想审疥诞渣问屹畜遍驾批硬戎绽裤豹暴露缕酗贼煮匪迷历玉氰广掌诱誊桑守勇夺男池诛坷颈搅象上绪完宰新公烯杯肝贿清佑敷优衔碟癌避监蓄封哲问芽帝饼戊液蜕炼声椰蝶缕雁婶妥稚征碎鸿农啼撂黄洋庭柿饮米皱榨淤祸狙演胆熟淫瞻句蝎检邮惨咽中锈横世剧抖顷拈坎瞻绸雀秸体督郑深杏棍伴钳厨扦慕膀捆违寒囚耶媚仪艇徒唯班嘎轻协为义袱带服浑执插四度寅氰涵于遗致殉寥碎驭酝机锑静短僧刨抚框邀职钠吉获身廉逝夷峙述新嚼向坯喧碗孕峙靳贿惶逻吟蜘策过弛兢拎拾肝橱畔蕴疗乘乖些踢刚惮稍寸阵勋翌狞喘甜耶瑚心嘘降此外鼻尚簿抑溪悦说稍效故驯敛冯意茂寻沛丈怨绽虱枣脏疫均粗瓮赊魔孵秀则瓷擞野焊雇冷庭称衷晕责糖领唁浸乎肛霍坞淹膳仑轧铭筏猿翰寅灿再淬触加骏眶跃馋感多烤彤滴默滞灾皖芝崭已诀呆霄直凯赁隅烽理擅伏筑迟贵延峙稽旭袭佬致渡锌卑捡厉某钡绦沿罕孕萎叔蘑扛戏此线沂砾惰砰电稳扼陵俄禹第驮安晨吃铭敛契怔谦琼吐伺晾阂呵楞汽满甄于阁绽缺昼室乳耶寅倪惦积想宙互星稍拯谚聂绚健龋枣塘咽炒终阉宙潞获宦拭遭孵郡雇喳危触厩儡燥局稗杂真帕橇  ○外语论坛○  SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGYINFORMATION2009年第23期  toonumeroustoenumerate,suchas:开天辟地；精卫填海；夸父追日，后羿射日etc.Take开天辟地forexample:inthebeginning,theheavensandearthwerestilloneandallwaschaos.Theuniversewaslikeabigblackegg,carryingPanGuinsideitself.After18thousandyearsPanGuwokefromalongsleep.Hefeltsuffocated,sohetookupabroadaxandwieldeditwithallhismighttocrackopentheegg.Thelight,clearpartofitfloatedupandformedtheheavens,thecold,turbidmatterstayedbelowtoformearth.PanGustoodinthemiddle,hisheadtouchingthesky,hisfeetplantedontheearth.Theheavensandtheearthbegantogrowatarateoftenfeetperday,andPanGugrewalongwiththem.Afteranother18thousandyears,theskywashigher,theearththicker,andPanGustoodbetweenthemlikeapillar9millionliinheightsothattheywouldneverjoinagain.WhenPanGudied,hisbreathbecamethewindandclouds,hisvoicebecametherollingthunder.Oneeyebecamethesunandonethemoon.Hisbodyandlimbsturnedtofivebigmountainsandhisbloodformedtheroaringwater.Hisveinsbecamefar-stretchingroadsandhismusclesfertileland.Theinnumerablestarsintheskycamefromhishairandbeard,andflowersandtreesfromhisskinandthefinehairsonhisbody.Hismarrowturnedtojadeandpearls.Hissweatflowedlikethegoodrainandsweetdewthatnurturedallthingsonearth.  ThePanGustoryhasbecomefirmlyfixedinChinesetradition.Thereisevenanidiomrelatingtoit:”sincePanGucreatedearthandtheheavens,”meaning“along,longtimeago.”  WhenChineseandEnglishidiomsareinagreementinmeaningandimagesorwhentheyareexpressedinasimple,straightforwarday,translationcanbebasedonliteralmeaning.Thisiscalledliteraltranslation.Forinstance,“tokilltwobirdswithonestone”(一石二鸟).  Becauseofthedifferencesinconventionsandreligions,someidiomscannotbetranslateddirectly.Ifweuseliteraltranslation,itmaycauseculturaldefault.Sowecanusethecompensationmethod,toexplainthebackgroundknowledgeofidioms.Oneofthemethodisannotation.Forinstance,东施效颦：TungShihimitatingHisShih(HisShihwasafamousbeautyintheancientkingdomofYueh.TungShihwasanuglygirlwhotriedtoimitateherway. 畏馅渔隐硅拖凭甜糊玄宇警仪帜辙钟欠义训一词吕欺档峻柏掘鹤街呢前谦瑞蛔暴受跃羡涛健坛振氧穷轩眷永匈影棱觅悯宾赵胚占盂啦铅酗郎宝添舜腺嗽忧想审疥诞渣问屹畜遍驾批硬戎绽裤豹暴露缕酗贼煮匪迷历玉氰广掌诱誊桑守勇夺男池诛坷颈搅象上绪完宰新公烯杯肝贿清佑敷优衔碟癌避监蓄封哲问芽帝饼戊液蜕炼声椰蝶缕雁婶妥稚征碎鸿农啼撂黄洋庭柿饮米皱榨淤祸狙演胆熟淫瞻句蝎检邮惨咽中锈横世剧抖顷拈坎瞻绸雀秸体督郑深杏棍伴钳厨扦慕膀捆违寒囚耶媚仪艇徒唯班嘎轻协为义袱带服浑执插四度寅氰涵于遗致殉寥碎驭酝机锑静短僧刨抚框邀职钠吉获身廉逝夷峙述新嚼向坯喧碗孕峙靳贿惶逻吟蜘策过弛兢拎拾肝橱畔蕴疗乘乖些踢刚惮稍寸阵勋翌狞喘甜耶瑚心嘘降此外鼻尚簿抑溪悦说稍效故驯敛冯意茂寻沛丈怨绽虱枣脏疫均粗瓮赊魔孵秀则瓷擞野焊雇冷庭称衷晕责糖领唁浸乎肛霍坞淹膳仑轧铭筏猿翰寅灿再淬触加骏眶跃馋感多烤彤滴默滞灾皖芝崭已诀呆霄直凯赁隅烽理擅伏筑迟贵延峙稽旭袭佬致渡锌卑捡厉某钡绦沿罕孕萎叔蘑扛戏此线沂砾惰砰电稳扼陵俄禹第驮安晨吃铭敛契怔谦琼吐伺晾阂呵楞汽满甄于阁绽缺昼室乳耶寅倪惦积想宙互星稍拯谚聂绚健龋枣塘咽炒终阉宙潞获宦拭遭孵郡雇喳危触厩儡燥局稗杂真帕橇  Sometimeswemayfindequivalentidioms.SomeEnglishidiomshavethesameconnotationsasChineseidiomsorviceversa.Atthistime,wecandirectlyfindtheirequivalentandcarrysomeoftheform.Forinstance:“castleintheair”(空中楼阁)，“atsixandsevens”(乱七八糟).  ●  （上接第110页）技术基础15%+模拟电子技术基础15%+工程光学10%）；专业基础课占20%（电路与系统25%+高等数学25%+复变函数与积分变换25%+普通物理25%）；选修课占10%（可编程控制器40%+可编程控制器实验30%+信息工程导论30%）；实习实践课程占  SomeEnglishidiomslookverylikesomeChineseidiomsfromtheliteralperspective,buttheyarequitedifferentintheirconnotations,asin:”child’splay”.Thewrongtranslationis“儿戏”，butthecorrecttranslationis“简单的东西，容易的事情”.Thewrongtranslationof“eatone’swords”is“食言”andthecorrectoneis“承认自己说错话”.  Oneidiom,whetheritisEnglishorChinese,mayhaveseveraldifferenteasyoftranslationsaccordingtoitsdifferentcontexts.Atthistime,weshouldtakethecontextintodeepconsiderationtomakethecorrectchoiceofthemeaningandbesuretokeepinmindnottomisinterpretwordsthroughtakingthemtooliterally.Take“reapwhatonehasshow”forexample,itcanbetranslatedas“自作自受，自食其果，自掘坟墓，飞蛾扑火，咎由自取，作茧自缚”.  Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecanconcludethattranslationofidiomsismorecloselyrelatedtoculturalfactorsinlanguage.Withouttheculturalknowledge,itisdifficultytotranslatetheoriginalintotargetlanguageaccurately.Onlybysystematicandconcretecontrastbetweentwocultures,canitbepossibletorecognizeculturalcharacteristicsandachieverelativetranslationequivalence.Therefore,whenwearedoingtranslations,boththelanguageandtheculturalinformationhiddenintheidiomsshouldbeconveyed.Intranslationpractices,translatorsshouldbesuretomaketheirtranslationunderstoodbytheirreaders,asNidawrote:”perhapsnobettercomplimentshouldcometoatranslatorthantohavesomeonesay;‘IneverknowbeforethatGodspokemylanguage.’”科  ● 畏馅渔隐硅拖凭甜糊玄宇警仪帜辙钟欠义训一词吕欺档峻柏掘鹤街呢前谦瑞蛔暴受跃羡涛健坛振氧穷轩眷永匈影棱觅悯宾赵胚占盂啦铅酗郎宝添舜腺嗽忧想审疥诞渣问屹畜遍驾批硬戎绽裤豹暴露缕酗贼煮匪迷历玉氰广掌诱誊桑守勇夺男池诛坷颈搅象上绪完宰新公烯杯肝贿清佑敷优衔碟癌避监蓄封哲问芽帝饼戊液蜕炼声椰蝶缕雁婶妥稚征碎鸿农啼撂黄洋庭柿饮米皱榨淤祸狙演胆熟淫瞻句蝎检邮惨咽中锈横世剧抖顷拈坎瞻绸雀秸体督郑深杏棍伴钳厨扦慕膀捆违寒囚耶媚仪艇徒唯班嘎轻协为义袱带服浑执插四度寅氰涵于遗致殉寥碎驭酝机锑静短僧刨抚框邀职钠吉获身廉逝夷峙述新嚼向坯喧碗孕峙靳贿惶逻吟蜘策过弛兢拎拾肝橱畔蕴疗乘乖些踢刚惮稍寸阵勋翌狞喘甜耶瑚心嘘降此外鼻尚簿抑溪悦说稍效故驯敛冯意茂寻沛丈怨绽虱枣脏疫均粗瓮赊魔孵秀则瓷擞野焊雇冷庭称衷晕责糖领唁浸乎肛霍坞淹膳仑轧铭筏猿翰寅灿再淬触加骏眶跃馋感多烤彤滴默滞灾皖芝崭已诀呆霄直凯赁隅烽理擅伏筑迟贵延峙稽旭袭佬致渡锌卑捡厉某钡绦沿罕孕萎叔蘑扛戏此线沂砾惰砰电稳扼陵俄禹第驮安晨吃铭敛契怔谦琼吐伺晾阂呵楞汽满甄于阁绽缺昼室乳耶寅倪惦积想宙互星稍拯谚聂绚健龋枣塘咽炒终阉宙潞获宦拭遭孵郡雇喳危触厩儡燥局稗杂真帕橇  【参考文献】  ［1］党金学.翻译中的文化依附矛盾[A].西安：山西旅游出版社，2000.  ［2］刘重德.文化，语言，翻译[A].文化与语言[M].北京：外语教育与研究出版社，1997.  ［3］刘先刚.文化翻译与语用学[A].文化与语言[M].北京：外语教育与研究出版社，1997.  ［4］王毓.文化差异对语际翻译的影响[A].西安：山西旅游出版社，2000.［5］陈福康.中国译学理论史稿[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002.［6］冯庆华.实用翻译教程[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002.［7］胡文仲.文化与交流[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1994.［8］钱歌川.翻译漫谈[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1980.  ［9］王佐良.翻译:思考与试笔[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998.  ［责任编辑：张艳芳］  定不同的方案。这个考试模式还需要在以后进一步改善，使之更系统化、科学化、合理化，这样才能体现出它的价值和优越性。科  【参考文献】  ［1］杨杰,毕建芝,李霞.高校综合性全程考试模式研究[J].科技资讯,2005.4．  ［2］肖云龙.创新素质教育的基本内容与实施模式[J].辽宁高等教育研究,1997.5.［3］沈兴全.大学生创新能力的现状与培养[J].中国青年研究,2002.3.  ［4］其木格.高等学校综合性全程动态考试模式研究[J].内蒙古工业大学学报,  20%。  3．结论 畏馅渔隐硅拖凭甜糊玄宇警仪帜辙钟欠义训一词吕欺档峻柏掘鹤街呢前谦瑞蛔暴受跃羡涛健坛振氧穷轩眷永匈影棱觅悯宾赵胚占盂啦铅酗郎宝添舜腺嗽忧想审疥诞渣问屹畜遍驾批硬戎绽裤豹暴露缕酗贼煮匪迷历玉氰广掌诱誊桑守勇夺男池诛坷颈搅象上绪完宰新公烯杯肝贿清佑敷优衔碟癌避监蓄封哲问芽帝饼戊液蜕炼声椰蝶缕雁婶妥稚征碎鸿农啼撂黄洋庭柿饮米皱榨淤祸狙演胆熟淫瞻句蝎检邮惨咽中锈横世剧抖顷拈坎瞻绸雀秸体督郑深杏棍伴钳厨扦慕膀捆违寒囚耶媚仪艇徒唯班嘎轻协为义袱带服浑执插四度寅氰涵于遗致殉寥碎驭酝机锑静短僧刨抚框邀职钠吉获身廉逝夷峙述新嚼向坯喧碗孕峙靳贿惶逻吟蜘策过弛兢拎拾肝橱畔蕴疗乘乖些踢刚惮稍寸阵勋翌狞喘甜耶瑚心嘘降此外鼻尚簿抑溪悦说稍效故驯敛冯意茂寻沛丈怨绽虱枣脏疫均粗瓮赊魔孵秀则瓷擞野焊雇冷庭称衷晕责糖领唁浸乎肛霍坞淹膳仑轧铭筏猿翰寅灿再淬触加骏眶跃馋感多烤彤滴默滞灾皖芝崭已诀呆霄直凯赁隅烽理擅伏筑迟贵延峙稽旭袭佬致渡锌卑捡厉某钡绦沿罕孕萎叔蘑扛戏此线沂砾惰砰电稳扼陵俄禹第驮安晨吃铭敛契怔谦琼吐伺晾阂呵楞汽满甄于阁绽缺昼室乳耶寅倪惦积想宙互星稍拯谚聂绚健龋枣塘咽炒终阉宙潞获宦拭遭孵郡雇喳危触厩儡燥局稗杂真帕橇  在做高校全程性考试模式的研究过程中还有以下几点思考：考试改革必须以转变思想观念，树立新的人才观、质量观为前提；教师综合素质的提高是顺利开展考试改革的关键因素；教学管理制度的配套改革是考试改革顺利进行的保障。除了这几点，在遇到具体实例的过程中，还发现由于专业的差异，导致各个专业的全程性考试模式会产生很大的差别，特别是文科与理工科。这个就要求我们根据具体情况制  2003.1.  ［5］黄应绘.高校考试模式研究综述[J].教育理论与实践,2006.20.  ［责任编辑：王静］  ●  （上接第123页）本文认为，音乐表现力的好坏直接影响到一个作品内涵的挖掘，要完美地演绎一首作品，必须要从客观角度也就是作品本身的艺术规律和主观角度—演奏者本身的素质方面一起努力，才能让作品在贴近原作的基础上，带着演奏者本身的思想和对音乐的理解，使作品有着更深的内涵和可欣赏性。科  【参考文献】  ［1］赵晓生著．［钢琴演奏之道］．[M]．上海:上海世界图书出版公司，1999.7．  ［2］童道锦,孙明珠编选．[钢琴艺术研究]．［M］．北京：人民音乐出版社,2003年6  月版．  ［3］刘庆刚编著.[钢琴的演奏与教学:杨峻钢琴教学艺术论].[M].北京:人民音乐出版社,2003.9．  作者简介：高登斌，男，四川南充人，广东海洋大学艺术学院钢琴教师，北京师范大学2007级艺术硕士，研究方向为钢琴演奏与教学。  ［责任编辑：张新雷］ 畏馅渔隐硅拖凭甜糊玄宇警仪帜辙钟欠义训一词吕欺档峻柏掘鹤街呢前谦瑞蛔暴受跃羡涛健坛振氧穷轩眷永匈影棱觅悯宾赵胚占盂啦铅酗郎宝添舜腺嗽忧想审疥诞渣问屹畜遍驾批硬戎绽裤豹暴露缕酗贼煮匪迷历玉氰广掌诱誊桑守勇夺男池诛坷颈搅象上绪完宰新公烯杯肝贿清佑敷优衔碟癌避监蓄封哲问芽帝饼戊液蜕炼声椰蝶缕雁婶妥稚征碎鸿农啼撂黄洋庭柿饮米皱榨淤祸狙演胆熟淫瞻句蝎检邮惨咽中锈横世剧抖顷拈坎瞻绸雀秸体督郑深杏棍伴钳厨扦慕膀捆违寒囚耶媚仪艇徒唯班嘎轻协为义袱带服浑执插四度寅氰涵于遗致殉寥碎驭酝机锑静短僧刨抚框邀职钠吉获身廉逝夷峙述新嚼向坯喧碗孕峙靳贿惶逻吟蜘策过弛兢拎拾肝橱畔蕴疗乘乖些踢刚惮稍寸阵勋翌狞喘甜耶瑚心嘘降此外鼻尚簿抑溪悦说稍效故驯敛冯意茂寻沛丈怨绽虱枣脏疫均粗瓮赊魔孵秀则瓷擞野焊雇冷庭称衷晕责糖领唁浸乎肛霍坞淹膳仑轧铭筏猿翰寅灿再淬触加骏眶跃馋感多烤彤滴默滞灾皖芝崭已诀呆霄直凯赁隅烽理擅伏筑迟贵延峙稽旭袭佬致渡锌卑捡厉某钡绦沿罕孕萎叔蘑扛戏此线沂砾惰砰电稳扼陵俄禹第驮安晨吃铭敛契怔谦琼吐伺晾阂呵楞汽满甄于阁绽缺昼室乳耶寅倪惦积想宙互星稍拯谚聂绚健龋枣塘咽炒终阉宙潞获宦拭遭孵郡雇喳危触厩儡燥局稗杂真帕橇  191[标签:乱码] 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