毕业设计论文：浅谈英语谚语翻译 18页

九涯勞粘JIUJIANGUNIVERSITY毕业论文（设计）题目浅析英文谚语翻译英文题目OnEnglishTranslationofProverbs院系外国语学院专业商务英语姓名年级外A0721指导教师 AbstractBecauseofthedifferencesofreligiousbeliefs,habitsandcustoms,fablesandmyth,andcultureandart,EnglishproverbsandChineseproverbscarryonthedifferentnationalculturalcharacteristicsandinformation.Proverbsarecloselylinkedwithculturaltraditionandtheyareinseparable.Theculturalelementsofproverbscausethedifficultyoftranslationofproverb.Thisthesisistryingtomakesomeexplorationabouttheproverb,anditstranslation.Keywords:category；translationmethod;culturecontrast 由于不同的宗教信仰、风俗习惯、寓言神话以及文学艺术诸多方面的差异，英、汉谚语承载着不同的民族文化特色和不同的文化信息。他们与文化传统紧密相连，不可分割。言语中的文化因素构成了翻译中的困难。直译，意译，或者直译与意译相结合，则耍根据具体的语言环境来定。本文通过对英文谚语的分类和对中西文化的对比，就英语谚语及其翻译做一些探索。关键词：谚语分类；翻译方法；文化对比ContentsABSTRACTI摘要IIINTRODUCTION1WHATISPROVERB?1TheDefinitionofProverb1TheCategoriesofProverb2FromProductionExperiences2FromLifeExperiences2 FromMasterpiecesandMottos3FromtheBible3ToConveytheTruth3LoanProverb4THECOMPARISONOFCHINESEANDENGLISHPROVERB5SubauditionofProverb5Religion6Values6HistoryandCulture7METHODSOFPROVERBSTRANSLATION7LiteralTranslation8FreeTranslation9FreeTranslationindifferentEnglishandChineseproverbs9FreetranslationinsimilarproverbsinEnglishandChinese10CombinationofLiteralandFreeTranslation10CONCLUSIONIIBIBLIOGRAPHY12ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS13 Introduction加入章节号Proverbisashortpithysayinginfrequentandwidespreadusethatexpressesabasictruthorpracticalprecept.Proverbisatreasureofliteraturewhichcomesfrompeople"sdailylife.Itsparkleswiththewisdomofhumanthoughtsandexperiencesfromtheancienttimestothemoderntimes.What"smore,ithasenrichedthelanguagesoflotsofcountries.Inaword,proverbisaslivelyaspoem,assteadyasessayandasterseasidiom.Sincethedifferencesonhistory,religionandcustom,theproverbconnectswithitsownculturesteadilyandcarriestheuniqueinformationandfeatureineachlanguage.WhentranslatingEnglishproverbs,theattentionshouldbepaidtodelivertheexactmeaning,meanwhilethelanguagecharacterhasalsotobeconcerned.ThoughEnglishandChinesearetotallytwodifferentlanguages,buttheyhavemuchincommononproverb,forinstant,proverbsintwolanguagesarebothsimpleandalive;mostofthemrhymewithtidystructuresandvividmetaphor.Ontheotherhand,ProverbiskindsofreflectionofculturethatconveythefeaturesofacountryaswellasthetranslationofEnglishproverb.Asweknow,thebothtwolanguageshavecenturies-oldhistory,religionandliterature.SoproverbslearningcanbeagoodwaytounderstandEnglish-speakingcountries.Mi:ZhuGuangqiansays:“Themostdifficulttounderstandandtranslateaboutforeignliteratureistheassociatedmeaning"；“Ithasthespecificemotionalatmosphere,quitedeepanddelicate;youmaynotfinditinthedictionary,butitisveryimportanttoliterature.Ifwedoiftknowthehabitsandcustomsaswellastheculturalhistoricbackground,weTlbeatsea,especiallywhenwetranslatetheassociatedmeaning]Byanalyzingthesortofproverb,onecanunderstandthefeatures,subaudiencesandalsotheauthorcategorizesproverbintoseveralsections,fromgeography,custom,andculturetocomparethedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishproverbs.Throughthestudyofproverb,goodunderstandingmaybewellappliedtothetranslationofproverbs・Asforthemethodsoftranslation,suchasliteraltranslation,freetranslation,orthecombinationoftwowaysoftranslationwhichdependonthefeaturesoflanguageandculturalbackgroundoftheproverbs.1WhatisProverb?1.1TheDefinitionofProverb“Aproverbisabrieffamiliarmaximoffolkwisdom,usuallycompressedinform,ofteninvolvingaboldimageandfrequentlyajinglethatcatchesthememory."(NY:Longman,1976:889)"Aproverbisashortsayingincommonusethatstrikinglyexpressessomeobvioustruthorfamiliarexperience?XNY:MacmillanGeneralreference,1988:1083)Soproverbisconsideredasapopularshortsayingwithwords ofadviceorwarningwhichiscreatedamongpeopleasagreatintellectualachievementfromtheirunderstandingofthenatureandsociety.Proverbiscommononstyle,neatonstructure,vividonlanguageandprofoundonmeaning."Proverbisthedaughterofdailyexperience.^“Aproverbismuchmatterdecoctedintofewwords：（JinHuikang,2004:421）Asalegacyofancestors,proverbcontainstheexperiencesthattheancestorshaveconcludedorthewisdomsoftruth.Fromthedefinitionsabovewemayfindoutthatproverbisageneraltruthandgivesadviceandwarningwhichinvolvesaboldimage,musicalrhymeorcompressedformandbringsrealityandvividnesstothereadersandsotheyareeasytomemorize・1.1TheCategoriesofProverbProverbcanbeseenasabrillianttreasuretoaculture,itreflectseveryaspectofonesociety.However,suchmanyproverbscanbedividedintocategories.1.1.1FromProductionExperiencesLanguagedevelopsalongwiththesocietyaswellastheproverb・LotsofEnglishproverbsarecreatedbyfarmersfromthepredictionoftheagriculturalproductionandtheweathersincetheytiesupwiththecropsandweather.Theseproverbsaretheexperiencesoftheiryearsoffarmingwhichiscloselyrelatedtothereharvestandhappiness,sotheyknowsthemverywell.Forexample:WhenAprilblowsitshorn,it"sgoodbothforhayandcorn.（四月打雷，谷草成堆）Itneverrainsbutitpours.（不雨则E2,—雨倾盆）Makehaywhilethesunshines.（晒草要趁晴天）Ayearofsnow,ayearofplenty.（于盘雪》E丰年）Hethatbytheploughwouldthrive,himselfmusteitherholdordrive.（想要种地发家，就得扶犁赶马）L2.2FromLifeExperiencesThereareakindofproverbsthatembodiesthehappiness,joy,tearsandpain.Someareevenbloody:Howsharperthanaserpenfstoothitistohaveathanklesschild（逆子无情甚丁•蛇蝎）.Thisisaproverbthataheartbrokenfatherdescribeshisviciousson.Wecanimaginetheevilfaceofthesonandthepoorparentswhoareleft unattendedwithoutcare,waitingfordeath.Warisdeath"sfeast（战争是死广的宴席）.Inallages,warisallaboutdeaths,brokenfamilies.Isn"tthewarisexactlyafeastofdeath?Hethattaughtthemalltheirtrickskeptoneforhimself（教人百艺留一艺）.Thisonemaybeconcludedfromtherealstoryoftheungratefulstudentwhobetrayedhisownteacher.123FromMasterpiecesandMottosBritainisanoldEuropeancountryaffectedbyancientRomeandGreeceandfamousofherachievementonliterature・Themottosarewidelyreadbypeoplefromallovertheworld;Shakespeareisoneofthemostfamouswriters-Peoplehavesummarizedmanyproverbsfromhismasterpieces.Brevityisthesoulofwit.（简洁是智慧的灵魂）・HamletOneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.（只燕不成夏）Lendyourmoneyandloseyourfriend.（钱财借出，友谊丧失）-HamletSomebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtohechewedanddigested.（一些书可以品味，另外一些可以呑食，少数一些书可以咀嚼和消化）FromtheBibleBritainisaChristiancountryreinedbythearchyaswellastheKingforalongperiodinthehistory.ForthisreasonthereareplentyofEnglishproverbsderivedfromtheBible.Aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth.（以牙还牙,以眼还眼）.ThisproverbisaquotationfromExodus21:23-27inwhichapersonwhohastakentheeyeofanotherinafightisinstructedtogivehisowneyeincompensation.Freelyyouhavereceived,freelygive.（白白的得来,也要白白的舍去）.ThisoneisaquotationfromMatthew10:8.Itmeansthatoneshouldletthefreethingsgosinceheneverpaysforthem.Therearemoreexamples:Whoeverdigsapitmayfallintoit.（挖陷坑的，自己必掉在其屮）Whoeverquarriesstonesmaybeinjuredbythem;whoeversplitslogsmaybeendangeredbythem.（带开石头的，必受损伤；擘开木头的，必遭危险）Morestrengthisneededbutskillwillbringsuccess.（得智慧指教，便有益处）ToConveytheTruth Bytheformingofthecivilizationandthesocietypeoplestruggleagainstthenatureaswellasthepeoplethemselves.Graduallysomeprinciplesareacceptedbythemassesandthoseprinciplesspreadfarandwidesothatmoreandmorepeopleacknowledgethemasthetruth.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.（有志者爭竞成）ItisoneofthemostfamousEnglishproverbswhichencouragespeoplenottoloosefaithsincethestrongwillleadsonetosuccess.Ifyouhavetheinclinationanddeterminationforsomething,youwillalwaysbeabletofindawaytowardthegoal.Thereisnothinghopelessorimpossibleifyouareresoluteenough.Theproverbhasbecomeanacceptedwisdomforitsspread.（MartinHManser,2002:277）Therearemoreexamples:Amothersloveneverchanges.（母爱永不变）Honestypays.（诚实必有好报）Timeismoney.（时间就是金钱）Historyrepeatsitself.（历史往往重演）Cheatsneverprosper.（骗人发彳、T财）126LoanProverbBritainisacountrywithdevelopednavigationtechnologyfromofoldanditfrequentlyconnectswithothercontinentandcountries.LatinusedtobepopularinEnglandandFrenchwasoncetheofficiallanguageofEngland・Therefore,thereareafewproverbsfromLatinandotherlanguageswhichreservetheirthoughtsandwisdoms.Nothingcomesfromnothing.（无风不起浪）一LatinproverbPutthecartbeforethehorse.（本末彳到置）一FrenchproverbArtislong,lifeisshort.（艺术永存，生命短暂）-LatinproverbBurntbairnsdreadthefire.（一朝被蛇咬三年怕井绳）-RussianproverbAppetitecomeswitheating.（胃口越吃越大）-Frenchproverb 1ThecomparisonofChineseandEnglishproverb1.1SubauditionofProverbSomeproverbshaveasubaudition,connotativeandprofound.Ifwetranslatethemliterallyandignoretheoriginalmeanings,theversionwouldfailtoconveytheprecisemeaningoftheoriginalandmeanwhiletheliquidandfluentwordsbecomedeadanddull.Therefore,theChineseproverbwhichhasapproximatemeaningwouldmaketheversionvividandaccurate.Forexample,themanwhoisborninastableisnotahorsemeansapersondoesnotnecessarilyhavethestereotypicalcharacteristicsoftheplacewhereheorshewasborn,ifonetranslateitlikethis"在马厩里出牛的人不是马nthenpeoplemaybeconfusedbutiftheversiongoeslikethis"鸡窝里可以飞出金风凰thenthereaderunderstandsatonce.Translatinginfairweatherprepareforthefoulto"未雨绸缪"or"居安思危”ismuchbetterthan"晴天要防阴天Translatingaman"swordisasgoodashisbondto"人的话是契约"istoodulland“一言既出，驷马难追"wouldbemoreprecise.SomeEnglishproverbsusecontrastasarhetoricaldeviceinordertoemphasizethemoodandconvincepeople.E.g.:youmaytakeahorsetothewater,butyoucan"tmakeitdrink.Ifonetranslateitlikethis"你可以把马牵到河边去,但不能叫它饮水冷thesharpcontrastwouldbeneglected・Inthiskindofsituation,theversionshouldbeneatandcontrastive.44牵马河边易，逼它饮水难”or“老牛不喝水，不能强按头"Differentproverbsrefertodifferentethicsandphilosophy,practicemakesperfectandallworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboythistwoproverbsconveytotallydifferentviewonstudyandwork,theformeremphasizesonhardworkingwhilethelatterprefersabalancebetweenworkandleisure・YouarenevertoooldtolearnandyoucanYteachanolddognewtricksalsomakepeopleconfused.Theformerinsiststhatoldpeopleshouldkeeplearnnewthings-aphilosophyoftolearnuntildeath;thelattermeansthatoldpeoplemightfailtolearnnewknowledgeandskill,theeffectisaffectedbyage.Somehaveobviousdifferencesonlanguagecharacterandculturebackgroundandatthesametimetheobjectofthemetaphorisquitedifferent.Howevertheyareidenticalonsubaudiences.Whenwetranslatethiskindofproverbs,tomaintainthesubaudienceandchangetheformisagoodidea・Theversionconveystheoriginal meaningandholdsthestructure.Twocanplaythego加e（孤掌难鸣）；speakofthedevil,andheappears（说曹操，曹操就到）；thegrassisgreenerontheothersideofthehill（这山望着那山高）.1.1ReligionBothEnglishandChineseproverbsaredeeplyaffectedbyreligionsthought,buttherearealsodistinctions.EnglishproverbisaffectedbyChristianitywhichreflectstheethicsandrules.E.g.:Norespecterofpersons.（视同仁）Manproposes,Goddisposes.（谋事在人成事在天）AndtheChineseproverbisrelatedtoConfucianism,BuddhismandTaoism,forexample:"养儿防老，积谷防饥"isthethoughtsofConfucianism,4t不看僧面看佛面”isfromBuddhismand"饶人不是痴，过后讨便宜”referstoTaoism.Religionisanaspectofpeopledspirituallife;itmaydeeplyaffectanation.TherearealsomanyproverbsaboutreligionsofChineseandEnglishproverbs.InChinesewehave"借花献佛冷"无事不登三宝殿"，“乐极生悲"andetc.ThethoughtsofConfucianismoccupyanimportantplaceaswell.Theancestorshadleftgreattreasures:于律己，宽以待人""，“恭敬不如从命"，“身在福中不知福”and“天下兴亡匹夫有责二InwesterncountriespeoplebelieveinGod,Godistheonlyspiritwithsupremacy.SotherearealsoplentyofproverbsrelatedtoChristianity:Naturedoesnothinginvain.（造物主无所不能）；Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.（上消帮助口助的人）;Intherightchurch,butinthewrongpew.（进对了教堂，但坐错了椅子）1.2ValuesThethemeofwesternvalueisindividualism,relativetothesociety,theyemphasizeontheself-relianceandliberty.Don"tputyourfingerinthepie.Ittellspeopletocareabouttheirownbusinessbutnottointerferetheothers.Tryingtobeefficientandoptimisticistheirattitudeontime.Theproverbtimeismoneyissimilarto“-寸光阴一寸金"literally,buttheformerstatesanimpressiontocreatewealthasmuchasonecouldwithinalimittime.Punctualityisthesoulofbusinessreflectsanattitudeoftime.Affectedbyindividualism,thewesternerspaycloseattentiontotheprivacyastheage, income,religionisallseenassecret.JustliketheproverbofAnEnglishman"shomeishiscastle.TraditionallyChinesepeopledonothavethatmany"secrets”.Comparewiththeindividualism,Chinesepeopleadvocatecollectivismforthethousandsofyearsofdominationbythefeudaldynasties•“——个好汉三个帮”and"众人拾柴火焰IVembodiesatypicalpowerofcollectivity.1.1HistoryandCultureIntheEnglishandChineseproverbs,lotsofwordsarerelatedtospecifichistoryandculturebackground・Soagoodunderstandingofthebackgroundisnecessary.ThefollowingtwoproverbshavethesimilarmeaningbuttheformerisrelatedtoChristianityandthelatterisabouthistory.Speakofangelsandyouwillheartheirwings.说曹操，曹操就到.TheproverbLoveisBlindwhichisderivedfromwesternmythologyEroscompareswith1W人眼里Hl西施theChineseversionhasanobvioushistoricaltrace.Thebreadneverfallsbutonitsbutteredsideand"人倒霉，吃豆腐也塞牙"showsdifferentstylesofliving.Don"tcarrygoalstoNewcastleand“要倒贩槟榔到广东”aresimilarbutwithdifferentbackgrounds.Newcastleisacoal-shippingportinBritainandGuangdongisrichinareca・Furthermore,thereareEnglishandChineseproverbssinceoneisfromdailylifeandtheotherisfromhistoryorculturebackground:Menleapoverwherethehedgeislowestand"雷公打豆腐，专拣软的欺"；Twoheadsarebetterthanoneand"三个臭皮P7•赛过诸葛克?"2MethodsofproverbstranslationSincelanguageisawaytoexpressculture,theChineseandEnglishproverbreflectstheirculturalfeatures.Thepurposeoftranslationistoexpressthemeaningoftheoriginalarticlefaithfully.Asculturesarenotidentical,sothetranslatorshouldnoticethesubaudiancewhichisthemeaningoftheproverb.Literaltranslationandfreetranslationaretwomodemandprovedmethodsoftranslationandtheauthorthinksthesetwoarenotisolated,whichmeanstheyarecloselyconnected.Wecannotsayatranslationiscompletelyliteralorfree,sometimesthetwomethodsarecombined.Ifliteraltranslationcouldconveythemeaningoftheoriginalproverbthenitisperfect,otherwiseonlyfreetranslationcandeliverthehiddenmeaningandalsomakethe versionvividandattractive.1.1LiteralTranslationLiteraltranslationistotranslatetheproverbword-forwordandreservetheoriginalcharacter,metaphorandimage.SometimesweareattractedbythevividandsmartdescriptionsbetweenthelineswhenwereadEnglishtextsandliteraltranslationistheonlywayofpresentingthesebeautiesoflanguagetothereaders.LiteraltranslationisthemainwaytotranslateEnglishproverb.Forexample,Amongtheblindtheone-eyedmanisking（盲人国里，独眼为王）,thoughwehaveaChineseversionof"山中无老虎，猴了称大王59buttheEnglishproverbconveysthesamemeaninginatotallydifferentway.WecanseetheculturaldifferencehereandexperiencetheEnglishtaste.Furtherexamples:Bloodisthickerthanwater.（血浓于水）Hewholaughsbestwholaughslast.（谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好）Knowledgeispower.（知识就是力量：）Inordertoexplainwhyliteraltranslationshouldbethemainmethodoftransition,wecanseemoreexamples:Anunfortunatemanwouldbedrownedinateacup.（倒霉的人经不起一点风浪）（人一倒霉，一杯茶也能淹死）Thedevilmaygetinbythekeyhole,hutthedoorwon7lethimout.（魔障—牛，便难降服）（魔鬼可以从锁孔里岀来，但开着门也请不岀去）Blindthesackbeforeitisfull.（凡事适口J而止）（袋子要在装满前扎住）Drawnotyourbowtillyourarrowisfixed.（三思而后行）（箭没搭好，先别拉弓）Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhehush.（十余不如一现）（双鸟在林，不女II一鸟在手）Oldbirdsarenottobecaughtwithchaff.（有经验的人不易上老圈套）（砒糠捉不到老鸟） Catchthebearbeforeyousellhisskin.（不要高兴的太早）（没有捉到熊，别想先卖皮）Experiencekeepsnoschool,sheteachesherpupilssingly.（只有亲身取得的才是经验）（经验不办学校，她只单个教练）Whenthecat"saway,themicewillplay.（阎王不在，小鬼跳梁）（猫不在，老鼠成精）Learntocreepbeforeyouleap.（按部就班，循序渐进）（先学爬，后学走）Twoversionsareofferedfortranslationoftheabove-mentionedproverbs,theliteraltranslatedoneshavesuccessfullyreservetheoriginalmeaningsandimagesandthefreetranslatedonesarelackoffreshnessandforeigntastes.Consequentlytheauthorfeelsthatliteraltranslationshouldbefrequentlyused・1.1FreeTranslation1.1.1FreeTranslationindifferentEnglishandChineseproverbsLiteraltranslationisnottheonlymethodoftranslatingEnglishproverbs.ThereareusuallysomemetaphorsordescriptionshardtounderstandforChinesereaderssincethereferredstoriesarerelatedtospecificbackgrounds・Thenanothermethodoftranslation一freetranslation一shouldbeappliedwhichmeanswecanchangetheimageintoanotherimagethatpeoplearefamiliarwith,sothatwecantransmitthepurposeofthearticleandtranslatethehiddenmeaning.Forexample:WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Ifwetranslateitliterally,thereadermightbeconfused:whyitisinRome,notsomewhereelse?Infact,itshiddenmeaningid“doasthelocalpeopledo=Sowetranslateitinto"入乡随俗”・Itwillbemorevividifitistranslated"到什么山,唱什么歌^・But,weshouldchoosethetranslationdependonthecontext.Weknow"dragon"hasdifferentmeaninginEnglishandChineseculture.So,whenwetranslateLikefather,likesontotheChineseproverb"龙生龙，风生风二SomeChinesewordsaresimplewithmanymeanings-Somethingunexpectedmayhappenanytimeisanormalproverb,butwecanmakeitthisway:天有不测风云.TheEnglishproverbthedogthatwillfetchabonewillcarryabone.Whenitistranslatedinto Chinese,theword"dog”and“bone"cannotbetranslatedliterally.Wemustgiveupitsliteralmeaninganditsfigurativeandtranslateitshiddenmeaning:"当着伤〈说别人坏话的人，也会说你的坏话•"Therearealsosomeotherexampleswhichshouldusefreetranslation:Itisanillwindthatblownobodygood.（对忍忍有害Z事，天卜少有）Everymanhasafoolinhissleeve.（人人都有糊涂Z时）1.1.1FreetranslationinsimilarproverbsinEnglishandChineseTherearemanysameandsimilarproverbsinEnglishandChinese.Theyhavethesameliteralmeaningandsubaudienceastheauthorhasmentioned.Thefigurativeofthiskindofproverbsisalmostthesamesotheycanbedirectlytranslated・E.g.:Practicemakesperfect.（孰能生巧）Exampleisbetterthanprecept.（身教胜丁•言传）Easycome,easygo.（来的容易，去的容易）Strikewhiletheironishot.（趁热打铁）Wallshaveears.（隔墙有耳）Constantdroppingwearsthestone.（力Q商石穿）Misfortunesnevercomesingle.（祸彳、单行）Bitterpillsmayhavewholesomeeffects.（良药苦口利于病）Whenwineisintruthisout.（酒后吐真言）Habitisasecondnature.（习惯成自然）Everymantohistaste.（方人吃方味）Exampleisbetterthanprecept.（身教重于言教）Hannset,harmget.（害人害己）TheproverbsabovehavetheidenticalEnglishandChinesemeanings.Literallyitisakindoffreetranslationaswell.1.2CombinationofLiteralandFreeTranslationUsuallyliteraltranslationcouldnotexpressthemeaningpreciselyandthenwehad bettercombinetheliteraltranslationandfreetranslationtogether.Forinstance,Everybirdlikesitsownnest,wemaytranslateitliterally:每个鸟都爱口己的巢•Howeveritlooksalittlebitobscuresincethereadermightbeconfusedaboutthemainideaoftheproverb一isitemphasison"love"，or"nesL?Sowecouldtranslateitthisway:鸟爱自己的巢，人爱自己的家•Thusthereadercouldclearlyunderstandthemeaning-itistryingtotellpeoplehowsignificantthefamilyis.Letsleepingdogslie.（睡狗莫惹,量小易怒）Toawakeasleepingdogmightbedangerousbecauseitwillbiteyou.Itisalittlevagueifwetranslatetheproverbinto"不要去惹睡觉的狗二soweaddthederivedmeaningtomaketheversionmoreaccurate・Andthatisatypicalexampleofthecombinationoftheliteralandfreetranslation.Andtherearemoreexamples:Abargainisabargain.（契约终究是契约，成交不可妄毁）Everycloudhasasilverlining.（朵朵乌云衬口底，黑喑之中有光明）1ConclusionProverbisatreasureoflanguageandalsoakindofsocialphenomenonandcloselyrelatedtoculture.Proverbrepresentsthefeaturesofanationandrecordscultureanditsdevelopment.Aproverbisashortwell-knownsayingthatstatusageneraltruth,orgivesadvice.TheEnglishtranslationofproverbisnoteasy・ManyfactorsshouldbeconcernedjustlikeEnglishculture,Chineseculturewhilesometimesthetwoofthemarerelated.Sometimestheyhavedifferentliteralmeaning,butthesamehiddenmeaning・Allofthesearecausedbythedifferencesofthetwokindsofcultures.Wehavetorealizetheimportanceoftheculturalbackground.Therearethreedifferentmethodsoftranslation-literaltranslation,freetranslationandthecombinationofthetwo.Wecanneverfindaperfectwayoftranslatingaproverbsoweshouldapplythethreemethodsflexibly.Thepurposeistotranslateaproverbwithfaithfulness,expressiveandelegance.However,languageisrichandcolorful,itdiffersinthousandsofways,andEnglishandChineseproverbsarethesame・So,anarticlecan?tcoverallthe situationsthatproverbshave,therearemoretobestudied. Bibliography[1]WebstersNewWorldDictionaryoftheAmericanLanguage[M].NY:MacmillanGeneralReference,1988.[2]MartinH.Manse匚TheFactsonFileDictionaryofProverbs[M].NY:FactsonFile,Inc,2002.|3]RaffelB.TheArtofTranslatingPoetry|MJ.Newyork:NewYorkPress,1990.[4]ModemEnglishDictionary[M]