汉语谚语和歇后语的翻译 34页

汉语谚语和歇后语的翻译 请举一些谚语的例子：一瓶子水不响，半瓶子水乱晃。好鼓一打就响，好灯一拨就亮。学好千日不足，学坏一日有余。 直译，意译还是套译？如何翻译谚语？这完全取决于谚语的语言特点和文化背景。只要谚语中生动形象的比喻不影响译文读者的理解，我们就尽可能直译，把原文的内容、形式和精神都输入到译文中去，努力减少翻译的损失。有的谚语出于语言结构和文化背景缘故，无法让译文读者理解，或易引起误会，则用意译。有些英汉语中对等或基本对等的谚语，可以套译。 1可以直译的谚语明枪易躲暗箭难防。Itiseasytododgeaspearintheopen,buthardtoguardagainstanarrowshotfromhiding.城门失火殃及池鱼。Afireonthecitywallbringsdisastertothefishinthemoat. 对比：路遥知马力,日久见人心。Asalongroadtestsahorse’sstrength,soalongtaskprovesaperson’sheart.Timerevealsaperson’sheart.初生牛犊不怕虎。New-borncalvesmakelittleoftigers.Youngpeoplearefearless. 2只能意译的谚语失之东隅，收之桑榆。Losewherethesunrisesandgainwherethesunsets.Whatonelosesontheswingsonegetsbackontheroundabouts.Whatweloseinhakeweshallhaveinherring.塞翁失马，焉知非福？Whentheoldmanonthefrontierlosthismare,whocouldhaveguesseditwasablessingindisguise?Alossmayturnouttobeagain. 庆父不死鲁难未已。Therewillalwaysbetroubleuntilthetrouble-makerisremoved.UntilQingFuisdoneawaywith,thecrisisinthestateofLuwillnotbeover.此地无银三百两。Aguiltypersongiveshimselfawaybyconspicuouslyprotestinghisinnocence.No300taels(两)ofsilverburiedhere. 3可以套译的谚语一次被火烧，二次避火苗。Aburntchilddreadsthefire.少见多怪。Wonderisthedaughterofignorance.龙生龙凤生凤。Likebegetslike.烂麻搓成绳，也能拉千斤。Manystrawsmaybindanelephant.渔翁得利Whenshepherdsquarrel,thewolfhasawinninggame. 判断并连线星星之火可以燎原。三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮。聪明一时糊涂一时。失之毫厘谬以千里。Amissisasgoodasamile.Littlechipslightgreatfires.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.Everymanhasafoolinhissleeve.EvenHomersometimesnods. Tobecontinued…既来之则安之。白天不做亏心事，夜半敲门心不惊。只许州官放火不许百姓点灯。江山易改本性难移。Onemanmaystealahorsewhileanothermaynotlookoverahedge.Aleopardcannotchangeitsspots.(Afoxmaygrowgrey,butnevergood.)Takethingsastheycome.Acleanhandwantsnowashing;Aclearconsciencelaughsatfalseaccusation;Aquietconsciencesleepsinthunder. 好事不出门，坏事传千里。病来如山倒，病去如抽丝。留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。欲加之罪何患无辞。Giveadogabadnameandhanghim.Aguescomeonhorseback,butgoawayonfoot.Whilethereislifethereishope.Goodnewsgoesoncrutches;illnewsfliesapace. 强中更有强中手。新官上任三把火。癞痢头儿子自家好。若要人不知，除非己莫为。Whatisdonebynightappearsbyday.Diamondcutdiamond.Everymanthinkshisowngeeseswans.Anewbroomsweepsclean. 4.谚语翻译中的注意事项（1）不要用充满本国民族色彩的谚语去套译，也就是说，原文的中国味浓厚，译文应尽量避免出现西方的地名或人名。大伯笑呵呵地对我说：“我们北方人都喜欢睡炕，你也将就点吧，俗话说入乡随俗嘛。”Unclesaidtomesmilingly,“wenorthernersliketosleeponourkangs.Youwillhavetoputupwithit.Astheproverbgoes,doastheRomansdo.”Doasthelocalpeopledo. (2)谚语翻译要注意口语化饱汉不知饿汉饥。Thewell-feddon’tknowhowthestarvingsuffer.(Amagnateisunconsciousofthemisfortuneofapauper.)一物降一物。Thereisalwaysonethingtoconqueranother.(Everyexistencehasitsvanquisher.) (3)翻译谚语要注意语言的艺术性。要注意用词精炼，上下句对仗。嘴上没毛，办事不牢。Downylipsmakethoughtlessslips.Amanwithoutmoustacheorbeardmaymakecarelessremarks.吃一堑长一智。Afallinthepit,againinthewit.Letuslearnfromourmistakes. 汉语歇后语的翻译1直译的歇后语丈八的灯台—照见人家，照不见自己。Tobelikeaten-footlampstandthatshedslightonothersbutnoneonitself.一条绳子栓着两蚂蚱—谁也跑不了。Beliketwograsshopperstiedtoonecord:neithercangetaway. 套译的歇后语肉包子打狗，一去不回头。Adoggivenabonewhodoesn’tcomebackformore. 只能意译的(双关、谐音)歇后语他必审问我，我给他个“徐庶入曹营—一语不发。”HeissuretoaskquestionsbutIwillholdmytonguetobeginwith.他吗？棺材里伸出手来—死要钱。No,heisstillaftermyblood.可是谭招弟心中却想：骑着毛驴看书—走着瞧吧，看究竟是啥原因。ButTanZhaodiwasstillthinkingtoherself,“Let’swaitandseewhatthereasonforitturnsouttobeintheend. 我是想，咱们是孔夫子搬家—净是输（书），心里真有点干啥的。OnlyIfeelbadwhenweloseeveryfight. 惯用语的翻译连根拔走下坡路及时雨一窝蜂捋虎须TearupbytherootGodownhill/hittheskids(俚语)TimelyrainLikeaswarmofbeesStrokeatiger’swhiskers直译 直译加注卷铺盖饱眼福咬耳朵PackupandquitFeastone’seyeonsomethingWhisperinone’sear 意译门外汉风凉话寻短见扣帽子AlaymanIrresponsibleandsarcasticremarksCommitsuicidePutalabelonsomething 套译煞风景拍马屁绕圈子摆架子露马脚灌迷汤Beawetblanket（killjoy-n.）Licksb’sbootsBeataboutthebushPutonairsLetthecatoutofthebag(showthehoof/clovenfoot)Buttersb.up 翻译磨刀石敲竹杠抱粗腿连锅端穿连裆裤唱对台戏开绿灯泼冷水唱反调挖空心思试金石Overcharge/fleece/soak(俚语)LatchontherichandpowerfulGetridofthewholelotWorkhandinclovewithPutonrivalshowGivethegreenlightPourcoldwateronSingadifferenttuneRackone’sbrainsTouchstone/Lydianstone 请用英语成语连线以下词组。畅销抄近路出身显贵饭桶思维敏捷放下架子非常紧张非常健康Getoffone’shighhorseSelllikehotcakesInthepink/fitasafiddlePoortoolThinkonone’sfeetCutcornersWithone’sheartinone’smouth/bootsBeborninthepurple 连线：说大话雷声大雨点小偷鸡不成蚀把米拘泥礼节埋头读书决定性时刻话中有话扭转局势TurnthetideZerohourWiththetongueinthecheekTalkbigStandonceremonyHaveone’snoseinabookGoforwoolandcomehomeshornMuchcryandlittlewool 粗俗语的翻译Damn这该死的会真是没完没了。Thisdamnedmeetingseemedendless.讨厌的工作！Damnthework. hell真该死！我没赶上末班火车。Oh,hell,I’vemissedthelasttrain.快滚开！Getthehelloutofhere! devil他要诚实才见鬼呢！Thedevilheishonest.哈哈这是什么混账名字！Ha,ha!Whatadevilofaname! confound什么鬼天气！Confoundit!那个混账老头刚走！Theconfoundedoldmanhasjustleft. bloody今天真他妈的热！It’sbloodyhottoday!是谁干的这混账活？Whohasdonethisbloodywork? 常见诅咒语套译别跟我扯蛋！见鬼去吧！不得好死！你这个杀千刀的！挨刀货！Don’tgivemeyourshit!Tohellwithyou!Hangyou!Youbehanged!Blastyou! 作业（查资料翻译以下谚语和歇后语）1恭敬不如从命。2杀鸡焉能用牛刀？3不在其位不谋其政。4道高一尺魔高一丈。5得道多助失道寡助。6工欲善其事必先利其器。7一言既出驷马难追。8只要功夫深铁杵磨成针。 9半夜做恶梦—一场虚惊。10飞蛾扑火—自取灭亡。11狗拿耗子—多管闲事。12聋子的耳朵—摆设。13老太婆上鸡窝—笨蛋（奔蛋）14外甥打灯笼—照旧（舅）15宋江的军师—无用（吴用）