英语音标及对应此音的字母或字母组合 9页

英语音标及对应此音的字母或字母组合英语国际音标表（48个）元音20个包括单元音12个[i:][i][æ][e][ə:][ə][ɔ:][ɒ][u:][u][ɑ:][Λ]双元音8个：[ai][ei][ɔi][iə][eə][uə][əu][au]辅音共28个包括爆破音6个：[p]、/b/、[t]、[d]、[k]、[g]磨擦音10个：[f]、[v]、[θ]、[ð] 、[s]、[z]、[r]、[1.元音:1)[i:]字母组合:eeeaeiethreetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseekeatteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakcleanpleaseheshemepiecereceiveceiling2)发音字母[i]iyesitpictureitislistsixmixfixfitpigbigbuildmissmythmanytwentyhappydictionarydefectdecidedelicious3)[æ] 发音字母abaghandandanthappyhatmapmadbadblackbackgladflagshallman4)[e]字母组合eaeaheadbreadpleasureelephantelectricremembersellshelllessonbetterbeddeskhotelyesmanyany5)[ε:]字母组合irurearerorgirlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbirdturnburnmurdernurseturtleThursdayburgerlearnearnearthheardtermhernerdserveworkwormworkworld6)[ε]字母组合erorouaroaeuteacherleaderrememberplayerspeakerfarmerpowderdoctoractormayorauthortractordeliciousgraciousplesureafamiliarcollardollartogethertomorrowtodayshallowlessonWashingtoncontrolpolitearoundaccountagoelephantmantabananaCanadaJapanchinamenlistenfamulusSaturday7)[a:]字母组合aracarfarmcardarmgardenfastclasslastglassplantauntcalm8)[Λ]发音字母uoouooupsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbuscome9)[o:] 字母组合alorauourarsmallwalltalktallhallballcallwalkshortmorelordhorseforfortysportdoorfloorstoreauthorcaughtautumnfourmourncourtboughtwarmquarrelquarter9 10[ɒ]发音字母oahotlostlotfoxboxmophoplosscollarnotwantwashwatch11)[u:]字母组合oooufoodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetoothshoedotwotruetruthbluefullprude12)[u]字母组合ooouuolookgoodfootbookwoodshouldcouldputfullbullpullpushwomanwolf13)[ei]发音字母aayeaaieynamecakelategateplaneAprilplaysaymaywaygreatbreakrainpaintplaintheygrey14)[ai]发音字母iybikefinefinddieninelightnighthighmytryflyeye15)[au]字母组合ouowhouseoutflourgroundaccountcountsoundloudaroundmouseflowerdownnowcowhowtown16)[εu]发音字母oowoahomecoldgonophonehostghostknowlowbelowgrowblowshowflowboatcoatgoal17)[oi]字母组合oyoiboytoyjoyoilsoilvoicechoice18)[iε]字母组合eerearbeerdeerearnearherefierceidea19)[eə]字母组合earairerepearbearchairairfairtherewherecare20)字母组合[au]ourowerhourtourflowershowerThesummaryofnewconceptEnglishcopyone:音标与字母组合e-----bemewehesheea---------eatneatbeatee------seedeedfeelfreeie--------piecebeliefgriefI------itsitbitfite----------beginbelongdelaydesire/iz/----horsesracesprices/id/-------waitedneededcarriedparted/ist/----foresthonestlongeste------getyetwetchecka--------anymanyea-----deadreadysweatweathera-------capmapfathatu--------cupupfunguno--------comesomeonedoesou-------toughroughtouch9 ir------sirshirtbirdthirdor------wordworthworstur------furcurlchurchear----earlyheardearnester------certainpersonservicea-------agoagainamongaboveer------feverteacherwinterworkeror------doctoractorour-----labourneighbouray------paydaywayroadstreeta--------shademadetakeai-------paingainmaintailo-------gosonoohow------showlowknownownbowloa-----coatboatsoapacakeofo--------hopephonenoteol------toldsoldfoldcoldie-----liedietiey--------whytryflytypeigh---highfightsightlightmightI---------rideliferipewidewhileow----howcowcallvowwownowtownou---------outdoubtmouthsouthroundoy----boytoyjoyroyaloi---------choicenoisejoincoinoilear----earteardearhearnearea--------realreallyrealizeideaere------spheresincereer--------seriousmysterioussuperioreer-------sheerdeerbeerair------airpairrepairaffairfairear-------beartearwearare------sparecaresharedeclareoor------poormoorour--------tourure------puresurematureendureur---------furyjuryfuriousrural9 语音基础知识◆音素：即每一个独立的国际音标。（*见表1）study学习[‘s-t-ʌ-d-i](含5个音素)；country国家[‘k-ʌ-n-tr-i]（含5个音素）car小汽车[k-a:]（含2个音素）；dictionary字典[‘d-i-k-ʃ-ə-n-ə-r-i]（含含9个音素）国际音标中共有20个元音音素和28个辅音音素。◆音标：即每一个单词的完整的注音记录。study学习[‘stʌ-di];country国家[‘kʌn-tri]car小汽车[ka:];dictionary字典[‘dik-ʃə-nə-ri]每一个音标分为几段（音节段），如上。每一个音节段只含有一个元音音素和一个或一个以上的辅音音素构成。9 如何划分音节段：（1）有多少个元音音素，就有多少个音节段stu·dy学习[‘stʌ-di](2个音节段);coun·try国家[‘kʌn-tri]（2个音节段）car小汽车[ka:]（1个音节段）;dic·tio·na·ry字典[‘dik-ʃə-nə-ri]（4个音节段）（2）两个元音音素之间若只有一个辅音音素，那这个辅音归属为后一个音节段stu·dy学习[‘stʌ--di];ti·ger老虎[‘tai--gə]Chi·na中国[‘tʃai--nə];ru·ler尺[‘ru:--lə]即简单点就是：元音---（辅音+元音）(3)两个元音音素之间若有两个辅音音素，则这两个辅音分属前后的音节段（即前后各一个）coun·try国家[‘kʌn--tri];good·ness善良[‘gud--nis];dic·tio·na·ry字典[‘dik--ʃə--nə--ri]eIy既简单点就是：（元音+辅音）---（辅音+元音）注意：诸如这些---ee,oo,ch,sh,wh,tch,wr,rh,qu,tion,gr,…等等都视作一个音素单位，如上的country等。◆音节（段）：每个单词的音标都分有几段音节段（至少一个），如上各例。含有几个元音音素，就有几个音节（段）。study学习[‘stʌ-di](2个音节段);country国家[‘kʌn-tri]（2个音节段）car小汽车[ka:]（1个音节段）;dictionary字典[‘dik-ʃə-nə-ri]（4个音节段）*当每一段音节（段）末尾是“辅音+[l][m]或[n]”时，就构成了—成音节，也算一个音节（段）trouble麻烦[‘trʌ---bl]season季节[‘si:---zn]table桌子[‘tei---bl]含有一个音节的单词（单音节词）；含有两个音节的单词（双音节词）；含有三个或三个以上音节的单词（多音节词）study学习[‘stʌ---di]双音节词；car小汽车[ka:]单音节词；country国家[‘kʌn---tri]双音节词；trouble麻烦[‘trʌ---bl]双音节词；season季节[‘si:---zn]双音节词；table桌子[‘tei---bl]双音节词；dictionary字典[‘dik--ʃə--nə--ri]多音节词（4个音节）；TV电视（机）[‘ti:--‘vi:]双音节词；magazine杂志[,mæ--gə---‘zi:n]多音节词（3个音节）；◆重音：当双音节或多音节时，有些音节段中的元音9 要重读（即发音响亮清楚），必须在该音节段的左上角或左下角标上重音符号{即：(强)重音符号[‘]-左上角；和次重音符号[，]-左下角}China中国[‘tʃai--nə]第一音节段中的[ai]重读Chinese中国的[tʃai—‘ni:z]第二音节段中的[i:]重读information信息[,in--fə--‘mei--ʃən]第一音节段中的[i]次重读；第三音节段中的[ei](强)重读重音规则：（一般情况）1.单音节词本身元音就重读，所以不必标重音符号。如farm[fa:m]表示[a:]重读2.双音节词●大多数双音节词，重音在第一个音节段上season季节[‘si:-zn]zero零[‘ziə-rəu]trouble麻烦[‘trʌ-bl]country国家[‘kʌn-tri]father父亲[‘fa:-ðə]window窗[‘win-dəu]●但某些以a-,re-,be-,ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,al-,an-,…等开头的词，重音在第二个音节段上about关于[ə-‘baut]again又，再[ə-‘gen]begin开始[bi-‘gin]already已经[ɔ:l-‘re-di]return回，归[ri-‘tə:n]repair修理[ri-‘pεə]3.多音节词●一般重音在倒数第三个音节段上（多为短音）family家庭[‘fæ-mi-li]重音在到时第三个音节段上[fæ]difficult困难[‘di-fi-kəlt]重音在到时第三个音节段上[di]political政治[pə-‘li-ti-kəl]重音在到时第三个音节段上[li]economy经济[i-‘kɔ-nə-mi]重音在倒数第三个音节段上[kɔ]●当含有5个音节(段)或以上,就有次重音.次重音在强重音向左第二个音节(段)上。即：，音节段1音节段2‘音节段3音节段4音节段5②次重音①③强重音②①ag·ri·cul·tur·al农业的[,æg---ri---‘kʌl---tʃə---rl]即：[,②--①-‘③----②---①]*根据发音时声音的轻弱来排序（由强到弱），为：强重音＞次重音＞非重音＞辅音◆开音节和闭音节首先我们来了解如何划分单词字母组合（具体方法和如何划分音节段一致，参见上面）就以上这些单词，进行划分一下字母组合：stu·dy学习；coun·try国家；car小汽车；dic·tio·na·ry字典；ti·ger虎；good·ness善良；trou·ble麻烦；sea·son季节；ta·ble桌子；ma·ga·zine杂志；Chi·na中国；Chi·nese中国的；a·bout关于；a·gain又；9 be·gin开始；al·rea·dy已经；re·turn回归；re·pair修理；fa·mi·ly家庭；dif·fi·cult困难；e·co·no·my经济；ag·ri·cul·tur·al农业；一般根据单词字母组合，就可以基本知道如何元音和辅音是如何发音的（规则情况下）开音节：分为绝对开音节和相对开音节1）如果每一段字母组合结尾是“辅音字母+元音字母”，那就叫绝对开音节be;me;she;Chi·na;my;no;go;stu·dent;2）如果字母组合段结尾“元音字母+辅音字母（r除外）+e”，那就叫相对开音节如果是闭音节，就发闭音节音，如of·fice中的o就发闭音节音；如果元音字母是非重读，那就发非重读音。具体详见下game；Pete；use；name；nine；like；lake；nose；time如果辅音字母是r时，则变成了re音节了，后面将讲到。开音节一般发字母本身音。3）如果字母组合段结尾是“元音字母+辅音字母(r除外)”，那就叫做闭音节man；red；pen；big；not；sun；son；gun；up；be·gin；sum·mer如果辅音字母是r时，则变成了r音节了，后面将讲到。闭音节一般发短音，基本发和字母外形相符的音。2007广东高考真题IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar1___________(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto2__________shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme3_________aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme4_________(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto35__________smalltownsome20kilometersaway6__________therewasagarage.Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostess"scourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.7__________villagersbroughtmegoat"scheeseandhoney.Wedranktogetherandtalked8_________(merry)tillfarintothenight.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman9__________thetroubleIhadcaused10_________.Oncetherelivedarichman31wantedtodosomethingforthepeopleofhistown.32firsthewantedtofindoutwhethertheydeservedhishelp.Inthecentreofthemainroadintothetown,heplaced33verylargestone.Thenhe34(hide)behindatreeandwaited.Soonanoldmancamealongwithhiscow.“Whoputthisstoneinthecentreoftheroad?”saidtheoldman,buthedidnottrytoremovethestone.Instead,withsomedifficultyhepassedaroundthestoneandcontinuedonhisway.35mancamealonganddidthesamething;thenanothercame,andanother.Allofthemcomplainedaboutthestonebutnottriedtoremove36.Lateintheafternoonayoungmancamealong.Hesawthestone,9 37(say)tohimself:“Thenight38(be)verydark.Someneighborswillcomealonglaterinthedarkandwillfallagainstthestone.”Thenhebegantomovethestone.Hepushedandpulledwithallhis39(strong)tomoveit.Howgreatwashissurpriseatlast!40thestone,hefoundabagofmoney.一（2014大纲卷）注意:原行没有错的不要改。Allofusneedfriendship.Theunderstanding76.______________betweentwofriendsmeanbothofthemhavesimilar77.______________ideasandtrustingeachother.Otherwise,itis78.______________impossibleforhimtohelpeachotherandtomake79.______________theirfriendshiptolastlong.Asanoldsayinggoes,80.______________“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”Soreallyfriendship81.______________shouldabletostandallsortsoftests.Anditis82.______________wisetohaveasmanygoodfriendsthatwecan.83.______________Themorefriendswehave,themorewecanlearnfor84.______________oneanother,butthemorepleasurewecansharetogether.85.______________高考英语复习连词连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。（一）并列连词：并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and（和），aswellas（既…又），both…and（不但…而且），notonly…butalso（不但…而且），not…but（不是…而是），neither…nor（既不…也不），either…or（不是…就是），or（或者），but（但是），yet（然而），for（因为），so（所以），while（而），when（这时）等。如：Bothmybrotherandmysisterareteachers./Hisroomisbrightbutmineisgloomy（暗沉沉的）./Hecannotonlyrepairradiosbutalsofixthem./Itisaglorious（光荣的）yetdifficulttask./Strikewhileironishot.（二）从属连词从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：引导时间状语从句的：after,before,when,as,while,since,until,till,assoonas引导原因状语从句的：because,since,as引导让步状语从句的：although,though,nomatter（无论）,evenif(though)9 引导条件状语从句的：if,unless,once,so(as)longas引导结果状语从句的：so…that…,such…that…引导目的状语从句的：sothat…,inorderthat…引导比较状语从句的：as…as…,notso(as)…as…,…than…引导方式状语从句的：asif…引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that,whether,if三个。其中that和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。高考新题型—语言结构系列训练(八)连词填空A并列连词1Followthedoctor’sadvice,______yourcoughwillbeworse.2Walkstraightalongthemainroad,_______thenyouwillreachtheGrandTheater.3Youlikesports,_______Iwouldratherread.4Iwasabouttojumpintotheriver________theguidestoppedme.5Shemayfailintheexam,_________shecried.6HeisaLeaguemember,_______heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.7HenotonlyspeaksgoodEnglish_______writeswellinEnglish.8Eitheryouaresorry_______getout!9Neitherwe________ourteacherknowstheanswertothisquestion.10BothPeter______TomarefromSouthAfrica.11Look!Heismore_______lessdrunk.12Weareworkinghardtomakeourcountrymore______morepowerful.13Mr.Wangiswalkingup______downtheclassroomwithabookinhishand.14Whetheratschool______athome,sheisalwayscheerful.15Theywillstayhereforaweek_________so.16Thissentencemaybecorrectgrammatically(语法上),_______anativespeakerneversaysitthatway.17Ifinallysucceedednotbyluck_______throughhardwork.18John_____hiswifehasbeeninvitedtothatpartytobeheldthecomingweekend.19Ihopeyoudon’tmindmyasking,_______wheredidyoubuythoseshoes?20Excuseme,_______doyouhappentoknowthetime?并列连词参考答案：1or2and3while4when5for6so7butalso8or9nor10and11or12and13and14or15or16but17but18aswellas19but20but9