英语音标基础讲解及练习 8页

英语音标学习认识几个定义：1、音素英语语音中最小的发音单位。2、元音发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍。3、辅音发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍。4、音节说话时最小的语音片段。一个可以为单个元音（如I/aɪ/），或者一个元音加上一个或多个辅音（如tree/tri:/）。单词可以根据音节数量分为：单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。5、开音节以读音为元音的字母结尾的音节，即辅音+元音（如me,he等）；或以不发音字母e结尾（如name,come等）。6、闭音节以一个或几个辅音字母结尾且中间只有一个元音，即元音+辅音（如it,pen,pick等）。7、重读在双音节或多音节单词中，有个音节必须读得特别强而重，而其它音节读得相对弱而轻，这种现象就叫单词重读。用符号“’”表示。8、清音和浊音（辅音）发音时声带不振动叫清辅音；声带振动叫浊辅音。音标基础学习一、英语共有48个音素，元音20个，辅音28个元音1.长短：/i://ɪ//ɜ://ə//ɔ://ɔ//U://ʊ/2.大小：/e//æ//ɑ://ʌ/3.I组：/eɪ//aɪ//ɔɪ/4.U组：/əʊ//aʊ/5.ə组：/ɪə//eə//ʊə/清辅音/p//t//k//f//θ//s//ʃ//tʃ//tr//ts//h/ 浊辅音/b//d//g//v//ð//z/ /ʒ//dʒ//dr/ /dz//r//m//n//ŋ/ /ǀ//w//j/注：s与辅音元音里的爆破音结合时，通常是清辅音被浊化,/p//t//k/ 它们浊化后，分别发成:/b//d//g/二．26个字母在单词中的具体发音a1./ei/nameablecaketabletakedate2./æ/applecatmapammatchmattersadandangry3./ɑ:/dancelastpassplant4./כ/wantwhatwatchwash5./ə/aarrivealongalikealoude1./i:/heshemeeveningmeter2./e/elephanteggbedpenbestgetemptyFebruarynextthensend3./i/enjoyEnglishelevenbecauseforesti1./ai/finebikefiveiceclimberhikingkind2./i/issitmisspigpictureinterestingilldinnerhimlistenpickrivero1./əu/oldhomenosecoketomatotofuoverholdpiano2./כ/dognotclockboxrobotonfromforestoftenstop3./ʌ/sonmonthmotherloveyoung4./u:/whodowhoseu1./ju:/useusuallyexcusemenu2./ʌ/busussunduckuncleuptrunkfunnymust3./u/putpullhelpfulb/b/bookbigbagboxc1./k/cleanclimbcupclockcookcollectcurtainclothes2./s/facenicepencilcitycinemad/d/deskdolldogdaddaydon’tdishdoesdeepf/f/finefriendflyfootfanfallfightfavouritefruitfunnyg1./ɡ/gunglassgladgoget2./dʒ/ageorangevillageh/h/hatherhousehoneyhappyhaveheavierhurthobbyhospitalj/dʒ/jeepjacketjumpJan.JulyJunek/k/kitecakethankkangaroospeaktakewalkworklakelike l1./l/legleftrulerflaglamplongerrelaxplay2./l/applebowltelloldtailwhalem/m/ammapmymouthmilkn1./n/noknownewhand2./ŋ/thankthinkthinguncleswingp/p/mapjeeppigpenappleplantplaypotatopleasepolicemanq/kw/quitequiltquickr/r/redradiobrotherrainreadrunrabbitwritemirrorlibrarys1./s/sitmissthissaltybooksspringswimsleepsometimesgrass2./z/nosethoseroserulersseasont/t/itsitnotthattablelittletiredtakeleftfruitbutplantv/v/fiveverysevenvillagelivew/w/wewindowwatchwantwaitwaterWednesdaywinterwithx/ks/boxsixfoxrelaxy1./ai/myflywhybye2./j/yesyellowyoungyesterday3./i/happybabyverywindysnowystudyz/z/zoozero三、常见字母组合（一）元音组合ai  /ei/  wait  paintay/ei/mayplaydaysayair/εə/airhairchairal/ɔ:/tallsmallballar/α:/fartherfarmcararmea①/i:/meatpleasetearead ②/e/headbreadready  ③/iə/  theaterear①/iə/ear  hear  near   ②/εə/  bear  ③/ə:/  earthee/i:/meetseebeefeetjeep eir/εə/theirer①/ə/  workerteacher   ② /ə:/  herere①/iə/  here   ②/εə/wherethereew①/ju:/new  few   ②/u:/flew  grewight/ai/righthighbrightir/ə:/birdgirlshirtthirtyoa/əu/boatcoatong/oŋ/  long  songoo①/u/bookfootgood  ②/u:/moonballoonor①/ɔ:/shortforkport  ②/ə:/wordworldworkoor/ɔ:/door  floorore/ɔ:/morestoresoreou/au/outhousemouthour①/ɔ:/four　  your② /auə/ourow①/əu/bowl  window② /au/nowcowfloweroy/oi/  boy  toyur/ə:/  turn（二）辅音组合th①/θ/thank  mouth  ②/δ/thisthatwithtr  /tr/treetraintruckdr  /dr/dressdriversh/∫/shirtwashshortch①/t∫/childchaircatch  ②/k/school  Christmas  ③/dз/  sandwichtw/tw/  twotwintwentywh①/w/whitewheelwhat  ②/h/whowhosewhomts/ts/  jackets  kitesds/dz/  birds  friends （三）特殊组合tion/∫n/questionnation四、单词重音（wordstress）英语单词分为单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。含有一个元音音素的字母组合叫做一个音节，由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词，如bed[bɛd],dad[dæd].由两个音节构成的词叫双音节词，如funny ["fʌnɪ] ，famous ["feməs] 由两个以上音节构成的单词叫多音节词，如delicious [dɪ"lɪʃəs] 英语单词如果有一个以上的音节则有重读音节和非重读音节，由符号“’”表示，如about [ə"baut]。有的多音节词有两个重音，一个是主重音，一个是次重音，或两个都是主重音，次重音用符号“，”表示，标在次重音的左下方。如anybody ["ɛnɪ,bɑdɪ]。双音节的重音一般落在第一个音节上，多音节的重音通常为倒数第三个音节，如documentary [,dɑkjə"mɛntərɪ]，grandfather ["grænd,fɑðɚ]。四．句子重音（sentencestress）一个句子中，实词（名词，实义动词，数词，形容词，副词等）重读；虚词（冠词，介词）不重读。 英语音标练习题一、口语练习（一）读出下列单词：1./i://i//e//æ//bit//wi:k//di:l//riəl//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwill/pæk//gæp//træʃ//næg//ræm//bætl//sed//′hæpi//′setl//di′pend/packgaptrashnagrambattlesaidhappysettledepend2./a://ɔ://ɔ//u://u//ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//stɔ:m//nɔ:t//fɔks//sɔk//fa://la:dʒ//ma:k/maskpastFrancestormnaughtfoxsockfarlargemark/θɔt//prɔmis//lu:s//tuk//mud//θru://pul//wud/thoughtpromiseloosetookmoodthroughpullwood3./ʌ//ə//ə//dʌl//′hʌri//gʌlf//′trʌbl//ə:n//sə:f//′tə:nə//′begə//tʌk/dullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/kə:b//ə:k//ə′merik//′sɔkə//′kæmpə//sə′vei//pə′veid//pə′hæps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps4./ei//əu//ai//au//ɔi//keip//greit//mein//prəpəuz//′məuʃən//stəun//′əuvə//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim//daut//′taipist//aust//mɔist//′ɔistə/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster5./iə//ɛə//uə//viə//ə′fɛə//dɛə//skɛə//buən//guəd//′ruərəl//ə′piə//kə′lʌmbiə/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia6./θ//ð//mʌnθ//θi:f//ðæt//ðæn//feiθ//tə′geðə//θæŋk//ðəm′selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves（二）、绕口令：1.Atidytigertiedatietightertotidyhertinytail. 1.AmadmansaysthatAmandahascapturedafatpanda.2.Ifyounoticethisnotice,youwillnoticethatthisnoticeisnotworthnoticing.3.Abigblackbugbitabigblackbear,madethebigblackbearbleedblood.4.Iftwowitcheswatchedtwowatches,whichwitchwouldwatchwhichwatch?WhichwristwatchisaSwisswristwatch?5.Shesellsseashellsontheseashore.Theseashellsshesellsareseashellssheissure.二、笔头练习：（一）.找出画线部分读音不同的单词( )1.A.teaB.meatC.weatherD.beach( )2.A.backB.fastC.haveD.map( )3.A.warmB.gardenC.marketD.party( )4.A.schoolB.toothC.chooseD.good( )5.A.JuneB.rulerC.putD.menu( )6.A.goB.noC.coldD.hot( )7.A.pushB.funC.sunD.ugly( )8.A.tigerB.herC.officerD.over( )9.A.mouthB.dangerousC.thousandD.about( )10.A.tooB．classroomC．broomD．afternoon( )11.A.yellowB．brownC．windowD．know( )12.A．theseB．theyC．brotherD．three( )13.A．teacherB．seatC．sweaterD．please( )14.A.islandB.smallC.askD.helps（二）．根据音标写单词：[fa:]_______[da:ns]_______[mu:n]_______[kait]_______[′hæpinis]_________[′priti]_______[′fæmili]_______[tə′geðə]_______[fɔks][tju:b][flai][flæg]_______["mu:nkeik]_______["indiə]_______["djuəriŋ]_______[snəu]_______["si:zn]_______[di"liʃəs]_______["jestədei]_______[in"dʒɔi]_______["mid,ɔ:təm]_______[tʃeindʒ]_______["deindʒə]______["nɔizi]_______ [mju(:)"ziəm]_______（三）根据音标写句子：1.auəkla:siznɔtveribig.__________________________2.bʌtitsaiza:nɔtbig.__________________________3.ðɛəa:sikskla:sizingreidwʌn.______________________________________________________4.wi:kænsi:itætðəzu:.___________________________