英语音标学习以及例子.doc 32页

u1[i:]Icanseethedeepgreensea.u2[i]WhydoesLilygooutwithJimandnothim?u[ә:]Thenurseputherpearlinherpurse.u[ә]Mymotherandmysisterlikethenewshoppingcenter.u[ɔ:]Paulplaysbasketball.u[ɔ]Mymomlikestoshop,sheshopsuntilshestops.u[u:]Youlooksocool.u[u]Where’sthecookbook?Pleasetakealook.u[a:]Ourgameofdartsisstarting.u[Λ]Fatherandsonareflyingkitesinthesun.u[æ]Anappleisgoodafteranap.u[e]Myhenlikestolaytenfresheggseveryday.u[ei]Itisarainyday.u[ai]Iliketoflymykiteinaquietplace.u[ɔi]Boysandgirlslikenewtoys.Theywillbringmanyjoys.u[au]Igotacattochasethemouse,nowIhear“meowmeow”aroundthehouse.n[әu]Roselikesice-creaminacone,butneverwhenshe’shomealone.u[iә]Tomhasonebadear,youmustspeakloudandclear.u[eә]Bewareofthehareintheyard,heglaresandstaresveryhard.u[uә]IlovetoursofEuropeanplaces. •音节(Syllables):音节是包含一个元音或一个元音跟别的辅音结合而成的发音单位在英语中元音特别响亮,一个元音可以构成一个音节,如：I;一个元音和一个或几个元音或辅音音素也可以构成一个音节,如：go,bed,lamp,stand一般来说,元音可以构成音节,辅音不响亮,不能构成音节•A.音节的种类:•(A)开音节(Opensyllables):分绝对开音节和相对开音节两种•a.绝对开音节：就是在元音字母后面没有辅音字母的音节,如:no,she,me等（无声的e除外）•b.相对开音节：就是在元音字母后面有辅音字母（r除外）,还有一个无声的字母e,•如:take,bike,note,mute等(have例外)不论是绝对开音节还是相对开音节,读音的规则就是发其中元音字母的名称音元音字母在重读开音节或重读相对开音节中读元音字母本身的音：元音字母　读音　　例词　读音　a/ei/a/ei/e/i:/me/mi:/I/ai/I/ai/o/әu/no/nәu/u/ju:/cue/kju:/　元音字母在重读闭音节中的常用读音：元音字母读音　　例词　　读音　　　a/æ/man/mæn/e/e/men/men/I/i/bit/bit/o/ɔ/hothot-pot/hɔt/u/u/put/put/a/i/village/e/anymany/æ/catchmatchfacthappymarry /a:/passglassdemandadvance/ɔ/whatwashswallowwantwatch/Λ/agreeaheadadmireattend/ei/takemaketablecasebehaveablelateai/e/said/ei/waitraintrainraisegrainar/a:/armgardenmarchsmartharmful/ɔ:/warwarmwarn/ә/calendarpolar/eә/areavaryvariousau/a:/auntlaugh/ɔ:/taughtcaughtnaughtfaultay/e/says/ei/maywayplaystaye/i:/meweheequalscene/i/prettyEnglishEngland/e/eggeffectcheckenternevergentleacceptee/i:/seeindeedbreezesucceed/i/coffeecommitteeea/i:/eatbeatneatrealdefeat/e/spread/iә/ideareallyrealize/ei/breakgreat•eer/iә/beercheerdeercareerear/a:/heart/iә/earnearclearfearhear/eә/beartearwear/ә:/earthheardsearchei/i:/seizereceiveceiling /ei/eightneighborreigni/i:/policeskimachine/i/itfitpigmisskissfillpicnic/ai/nicelikewifeadvicediveprizewisetidyigh/ai/highnightir/ә:/birdfirstbirthdayie/i:/yieldpiecefieldbelieve/i/carriedworriedladies/e/friendo/i/women/ɔ/copyofferblockcollegepossible/u/womanwolf/u:/whodolosedovemovement/Λ/soncomecompassgovernment/ә/methodEuropesecond/әu/noticebonedevoteherohostoo/ɔ:/door/u/goodwoodbookwoolenfootball/u:/foolspooncooltoothchoose/Λ/floodbloodoa/ɔ:/broadboard/әu/roadboatcoatcoachow/ɔ/knowledge/әu/knowbowlslowlowflowfollow/au/nowhowtowntowerou/ɔ/cough/ɔ:/boughtbroughtcourse/Λ/touchtroublecoupledouble/ә/famous/au/loudhouseshoutsouthoutermouthabout/uә/tourtourist/әu/soulshoulderthoughalthough u/i/busy/e/bury/u/pushpullhelpfulbulletcareful/u:/rudeJunerevolutionarypollution/Λ/sunadultculturecustomui/u:/fruitjuice/i/buildguiltue/u:/bluecrueltytrueur/ә:/turnchurchfurniturefurther/ә/surprisesurvive/uә/furyjuryassurance•辅音的特点：•辅音是气流从肺中压出后受唇、齿、、咽喉等发音器官阻碍的结果辅音有清浊之分,发音时声带震动的是浊音，不震动的是清音•Lesson6辅音音标[p][b][t][d]练习[p]发这个音的字母和字母组合pppp:pianopandaparrotpetshipsheeppigstoppp:applehappy根据发音规则，圈出没有发[p]的单词1.shipphonesleeppear2.pickpenbigpineapple3.taxiparrotsheeppig 4.pandaponypettruck[b]发这个音的字母和字母组合bbbb:bookballbirdbigboybagbananabb:rubberrabbitcabbage根据发音规则，圈出发[b]的2个单词1.cabgiftbeachlove2.petgodtubbed3.weatherboybusmake4.rabbitreaddressbaby[t]发这个音的字母和字母组合tttt:tableteataxicatratfatticketTt:buttermatter根据发音规则，圈出没有发[t]的1个单词1.taxifatbagtoy2.hatticketteaduck3.pocketpacketcatrain[d]发这个音的字母和字母组合dedd:duckseeddoordeskdayredheadbedreadcolded:smiledopenedplayed根据发音规则，圈出没有发[d]的1个单词1.bedclotheshand2.dogcoldfive3.danceduckgrape音标[p][b][t][d]练习一．抄写音标，一个抄写5遍•[p]：[b]：[t]：[d]：_______二.选出下列没有相同发音的词•()1.pearshipcoatpig•()2.taxibeancabcabbage•()3.hatseaticketwallet •()4.seeddancehandfull•()5.pickpensitpineapple•()6.coldfinddoorchair•()7.clothpurplepoolpush•()8.eatfanquietset三.写出单词或音标•[pændә][kΛt][di:p][klaud]•applepearrabbitread四.改变下列单词的一个字母，使它变成另一个单词•short→_____________(衣物)sea→_________________（感官动词）•pet→______________(蔬菜)ten→___________________(动物)•Lesson7辅音音标[k][g][s][z]学习•[g]发这个音的字母和字母组合ggg•g:glassgolfgetgirlbaggoatflag•gg:egg•根据发音规则，圈出发[g]的单词•gasdrivegumgiveviolinbag•jeansorangelogbridgeguess•tankgradelonglanguage •[s]发这个音的字母和字母组合scssce•s:starsunsnakeseasee•c:pencilcitycedarceilingcelebrate•ss:grassglassclassboss•ce:faceracericenice•根据发音规则，圈出每组中2个发[s]的单词•1.whosejuicelickstudent•2.thosecasescarfshoes•3.spacenosesciencemeat•4.tearspiecebusnose•Lesson8辅音音标[∫][3][t∫][d3]练习•[3]发这个音的字母和字母组合s•s:television,usually,Asiameasure,•unusual;decision;pleasure根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发[3]的2个单词•1.shellshipgaragedesk•2.truckshirtpleasureship•3.brushcasualsheepsleep •4.heroshapeleisureshelf•[t∫]发这个音的字母和字母组合chtch•ch:teacherpeachcherrychair•tch:watchmatch•根据发音规则,找出下列单词中发[t∫]的单词，并抄下来•chairdumplingbeachcheese•nightshemonkey•Chinachurchthesefloweregg•dreamsharkchickcatch•Lesson9音标[f][v][θ][ð]的练习•[v]发这个音的字母和字母组合vve•v:videovasevestviolin•ve:fivelove •根据发音规则,在不发[v]的单词上打וviolinmovevotewindow•vanvolcanowhitewoman•victorywetwavevase•摩擦辅音/f//v/•fast•few•leaf•proof•safe•surf•vast•view•leave•prove•save•serve•[ð]发这个音的字母和字母组合th•th:fathermotherbrotherclothesweatherthanthesethis breatheclothe•根据发音规则，圈出每组中发[ð]的1个单词•1．thansisterbrotherthree•2.weatherthanknightgood•3.tielookteeththey•4.thinfatherthroatwatch•/θ//s/•thin•thing•faith•mouth•/ð/•breathe•clothe•seethe沸腾•sin•sing•face•mouse•/z/ •breeze•close•seize•Athousandthanks.•Cathyhasthreebrothers.•Mr.Smithtalkedaboutthis,thatandtheother.•Thereissomething.•Theyhavebeenthereformorethanthreemonths.•Lesson10辅音音标［ts］[dz][tr][dr]的练习•[dz]发这个音的字母和字母组合dsdes•ds:seedswoodsgoodsfriendsbirds•bedsfoodsfeedsneeds•readscards•maids•des:rides,hidesprides•根据发音规则，找出发[dz]的5个单词写在后面的横线上•coatshandscatskites •bedswordspetskids•seatssandsgates•名词的单复数•名词的复数：名词分两种，可数名词和不可数名词•一般来说：专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词bread、pork、water、money、air、paper、glass反之就是可数名词•如果名词单独跟数词产生数量上歧义就是不可数名词，比如：Givemetwoporkè不能表达出名词的准确数量，这就是不可数名词•可数名词的复数变化：•(1)一般情况下加-s，在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音后读[z]，但在[s][z]读[iz].如：•book-booksfriend-friendscase-cases•(2)以-s，-x，-ch，-sh加-es，读[iz]如：•dress-dressesbox-boxeswatch-watchesdish-dishes•(3)以-f或-fe结尾的，把f或fe变v再加-es，读作[vz]，如：•leaf-leaveslife-livesknife-knives•但也有例外情况：roof-roofschief-chiefsgulf-gulfsserf-serfsbelief-beliefsproof-proofs•(4)以“辅音+y”结尾的，把y变i再加es，读[iz]，但“元音+y”只加s，如：•factory-factoriesboy-boys•(5)有些以“辅音+o”结尾的加es，常用的单词只有四个：•Negro-Negroeshero-heroespotato-potatoestomato-tomatoes •(黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿）•(6)不规则变化：•1)特殊变化：•foot-feetmouse-micechild-childrenman-menwoman-women•2)单复数相同：•asheep-twosheepafish-twofish•3)只有复数•glasses眼镜；compasses圆规goods货物trousers裤子•4)复数常用：常使用复数，如果使用单数表示其中之一•matches火柴shoes鞋子twins双胞胎parents父母•5)当表示“某国人”的名词，以-ese或-ss结尾的，通常单复数相同，但一般情况下加-s•Chinese-ChineseAmerican-Americans•Exercises•1.oranges2、classes3、texts•4、monkeys5、pianos6.childchildren•7、shelfshelves8、beds9.countrycountries•10、familyfamilies11、toys12、footfeet•13、Japanese14、radios15、photos•16、armyarmies17、tomatoes18、foxes •19、womanwomen20、knifeknives21、sheep•1.chair(chairs)ring(rings)river(rivers)•table(tables)eye(eyes);lesson(lessons);•Father(fathers);friend(friends);book(books)•star(stars)ball(balls);song(songs);meeting(meetings)•2.watch(watches);class(classes);•box(boxes);match(matches);fox(foxes);•bus(buses);glass(glasses);•3.toy(toys);monkey(monkeys)•baby(babies);lady(ladies);family(families)•factory(factories)city(cities);•4.man(men);woman(women);child(children)•fish(fish);sheep(sheep);ox(oxen);•mouse(mice);foot(feet);•goose(geese).tooth(teeth);deer(deer);•5.hero(heroes);potato(potatoes);tomato(tomatoes)•zoo(zoos);radio(radios);photo(photos); •6.belief(beliefs);•half(halves)knife(knives)life(lives)•Review•1.bus2.fox3.boy4.days•5.cups6.zoos7.trees8.deer•9.fish10.cities11.leaves12.lives•13.milk14.foot15.horse16.mouse•17.tooth18.woman19.broom20.juice•21.water22.people23.branch•24.families25.oxen26.countries•1.comedy2.action3.movie4.life•5.knife6.fry7.leaf8.photo•9.radio10.piano11.coffee12.tomato•13.potato14.bus15.watch16.tea•17.book18.map19.rain20.film•21.air22.month23.picture24.class•25.toy26.tooth27.doctor28.eye•29.foot30.German31.Chinese32.bag•33.football34.child35.classroom•36.monkey37.head38.egg•39.coat40.Frenchman •[tr]发这个音的字母和字母组合tr•tr:treetrucktrouserstrick•traintrytreattracktrip•troubletraditiontraffic•traveltrade•根据发音规则，找出没有发[tr]的3个单词写在后面的横线上•seatstrucktraintrash•tractordrinkstreetdrug•trousers•[dr]发这个音的字母和字母组合dr•dr:drawdrinkdriverdrivedragon•drydreamdrugdragdrap织物•dropdressdressingdrain•根据发音规则，找出每组中发[dr]的2个单词写在后面的横线上•1.dreamduckdressrain•2.ratdraindrugdoor•3.treetreasuredrawerdrink•4.truckdragondishdrum •Nevertroubletroubletilltroubletroublesyou.•麻烦不找你，就别自找麻烦•[I]iyeaueyayieai•词首inillisifinkitincomeindoorinsideinterest•词中billwomenvisitwishseivevillageshipmistbusy•词尾cityhistorySundayprettytaxisleepyicymonkey•[p]•词首penpricepersonpolepostpageparkplease•proud•词中•happenappealexamplecomputeropenoperationsurprisechapter•词尾•stopstephopetaperopecheapslipsleephelp、•wipetip•[b]•词首•bitbigbadblackbackbasisbagblockbestbusinessbox•词中tableaboutrobberlobbycabinhabitrubbermobile•词尾webjobcablabcrabglobesobtube•[t] •词首teatalktimetoothtomatotaketownteachertype•词中itemPeterfatalbutterbitterkittybuttonbetter•词尾atitbestcostnextpaintdebtbutfitbitboat••[d]•词首daddaydogdeepdoomdancedonedoubledelight•词中readergardenbuildingmurderMondayradiopresident•词尾didridereadbadgoodhardchildavoidbondred•[e]aeeaeiie•词首•eggendeveryessayanywayedge•词中•wellbeggetdeadmentellleisurefriend•词尾英语中这个音不出现在词尾•[æ]a•词首•asatashappleactionangryaccentAfrica•词中•catmadbackplanthancatchhabitmarry•词尾英语中这个音不出现在词尾•[k]kcckqx•词首catchkeepclosequitcopecarequeenkitchenkissquite •词中•bakersecretequalbiscuitexpensetax•词尾milkbackdeskducktakepicktaskseekthankjoke•[g]•词首Girlgasgategivegoldguidegooseguestgladgrass•词中•againsugardegreefigureangryexampleexamine•词尾•Bigbagdoglegflaghugdigfrog•[f]fffghph•词首•facefellfallfearfreefoodflowerfunnyfamily•词中•officedefinecoffeesofacarefulaffairprefer•词尾ifoffhalfleafchiefwifeenoughcoughlaughknife•[v]•词首•Veryvinevegetablevisavolume•词中Neverevenavoidlevelelevendrivingsavingsever•government•词尾Lovemoveevehavealivebraveservewave•twelvedeserve•Lesson11辅音音标[h][r][l][m]的练习 •[r]发这个音的字母和字母组合rrrwr•r:riceroomrideredroadrosebreadrunrichrightRomanromanticriverrob•rr:mirrorcarrotparrot•wr:writewrongwrap•根据发音规则，选出发[r]的单词，打√•1.breaddriverwrongrainworker•2.riverfatherrobotropesister•3.writefruitrabbitcrowndrum•[l]发这个音的字母和字母组合lll•l:looklightlockluckyliontailfaillovelittleletterlastlet•ll:ballpulldollartell•根据发音规则，选出每组中不发[l]的单词•1.lampnailflagwoman•2.yellowfruitlionlychee•3.grapebulllaughlake•4.dumplingmoonwheelwhale•[ɑ:]aareraualear•词首areartauntarmyarguearticleaskafterartful•词中fastcalmheartlargeclassfatherlastmarchdance •词尾carstarfarbarjar•[ɔ:]aroaroororeouralauawoaouough•词首•allawealwaysauthorawfulautomobile•词中•ballthoughtwarmdaughterblackboardbroadborder•词尾•coredoorpoursoarfloorlawrawsaw•[ɔ]oaouow•词首•oddoxonoffobviousOscaroptionofferoften•词中•jobcoughknowledgewashdoctorwhatwatch•词尾•英语中这个音不出现在词尾•[s]•词首•Seesaystayslowceasesciencesignschool•词中 •asktasklastfastpastmustessayconsiderexcellent•词尾•taxfixclassracepasssixgoosefamousmisschess•[z]•词首zoozipzerozonezinc•词中•busycrazypleasantcousinwisdomTuesday•词尾asishasraisenewsposepausechooserefuselose•[θ]th•词首thinkthingthirstthinthankthreethoughttheatrethemethick•词中•eitherauthorsomethinghealthybirthdaytruthful•词尾•faithmouthsmoothbathhealthmathbreathmyth••[ð]th•词首•thetheytherethoughthantheirthisthosethat•词中eithermotherfatheranotherfurtherratherbrotherweatherclothing•词尾•withbreathebatheclothe•[ʌ]uoooou•词首otherutteruncleumbrellauglyonionunderstand•词中lovefloodjustluckcovertouchtrustroughwon •词尾•英语中这个音不出现在词尾•[ɜ:]eareriroruryr•词首•earnearlyearthearnesturbanearningearthly•词中•workhurtbirdworldpersondirtypurseterm•词尾•hersirstirreferpreferoccurfur•[ə]aoueeaioerorar•词首•agoaboutagainaloneuponalongabandonattractive•词中happenlistennationforgettogetherdistanceoceanseldomGerman•词尾•teacherworkerdoctorsugarsailorwaiterwaterneverChina•[h]•词首•hehishashurthomehousehorsewhohumanhelp•词中•aheaduphillunhappychildhoodlighthouse•词尾英语中这个音不出现在词尾•[l]•词首•lowlookleadleatherlitterlikeladderlunch•词中•dealerreallysalaryalivefeelingmilkfloodslow•词尾•fullgirlmiddleusefulapplelittle•[r] •词首•readredreallyrightwritewrongrainriserun•词中•crimearrivearoundverymirrorarrowcrypridebreadnarrow•词尾在英式英语中，单词末尾的r或re不发音•Lesson12音标[n][η][w][j]的练习[n]发这个音的字母和字母组合nkngn•n:nosenetnutbanananoodlestrainrainplanedown•kn:kneeknifeknock•gn:sign根据发音规则，找出发[n]的单词并抄下来•1.mirrorwheelyesknock•2.mallhenlaughnut•3.earringsplanewingbread[η]发这个音的字母和字母组合nng•n:inkbanktankfinger•ng:singhangsongkingreading•running•根据发音规则，从下列每组中找出2个发[η]的单词•1．netringfingermeat •2.tennismouthsongswing•3.dumplingwingrunnail•4.hangswiminknote[w]发这个音的字母和字母组合•w:winterwindowwatchwaterwellwould•wh:whitewherewhichwhenwhatwhywheelwhale根据发音规则，选出每组中不发[w]音的1个单词•1.woodwritewheelwhich•2.wheatsnowwetwoman•3.whitewindownowwhy•4.whalewaterwatchrow[j]发这个音的字母和字母组合y•y:yo-yoyogurtyardyesyesmanyouyouryellowyearyesterdayyoung根据发音规则，找出发[j]的单词写在下面横线上•cryyouyourskyyellowlorry•moneyjellytoyboyyogurtsoy•wherethereisawill,thereisaway.•有志者，事竟成•youstilllookyoung,yearafteryear.•一年一年过去了，你看起来还那么年轻 •[u:]oooouuueoeuiew•词首•ooze充满oodles大量很多•词中•coolmoonchoosetombimproverumormusicgroupfruitthrough•词尾•blueflewshoedotoogrewchewbambooglue•[u]uoooou•词首•英语中这个音不出现在词首•词中•classroomlookgoodwomanwoodputcouldpuddingunderstood•词尾•除to的弱读形式[tu]外，英语中这个音不出现在词尾•[m]•词首•manmymaymaybemanymembermemorymother•词中•AmyEmilyenemyimmigrant•词尾•amtimejamcomeroomdreamhomeswimfilm•[n]•词首•nononenotknownowneighbournarrow•词中•mannerislandhonorwonderhoneybusinesskindness•词尾•personcanfanseasonkitchensuddeneatenmoon•[ŋ]•词首这个音一般不出现在词首词中•drinkangrybankerfingerEnglishpinklanguage•词尾singringwinglongthingsongmorningevening •[ei]aaiayeaei•词首•ageateaimeightyacheaidAprilagentable•词中•lategreatweightmaincakeplatesave•词尾•saydaygrayweighlayspraytrayhaypaymay•[әu]oowoauooeough•词首•oldownoweoathoakopenoveroceanodor•词中•wrotequoteloafpolarfloatphoneboldmotionmomenthotel•词尾•sotoerowflowechosowtomatowindowgold•[ai]iyaieieyeighyeieuy•词首•Ieyeideaislandeyesightidleiconivoryice•词中•likefightmindlightwinewildknifecrisisarrive•词尾•flyliespytiebuytryhighdrycrypiemywhy[ʃ]词首sheshopshutshysureshapeshowshouldersheep词中fishingmachineconsciousmotionactionspecialsunshine词尾fishdishwashashpushrushfinishcashwish[ʒ] 词首英语中这个音一般不出现在词首词中illusionvisiondecisionusualexplosionmeasurepleasure词尾garageprestige•[tʃ]•词首•chainchesscheckchairmancheapCharleschuckcheese•词中•natureteacherfeaturecapturekitchen•词尾•catchwatchcoachbeachmarchchurchlunch•[dʒ]•词首•jamjustjustjeweljoinjumpgeneral•词中•dangersoldierobjecturgentfragilevegetableimagine•词尾•pagelargeorangeedgejudgeimagelanguagevillage•[au]ouow•词首•Ourowlounceoutfitoutsideoutdoorsouting•词中housesoundmousesouthcrowdflowerpowdermountain•词尾•nowbowsowcowhowalloweyebrowwow•[ɔi]oioy•词首•oiloilskinoyster牡蛎ointment药膏•词中•soilboilcoinjointoiletpoisonchoicespoil•词尾 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