少儿英语音标教学课件.ppt 75页

WelcometoourclassHollyJoe IPA-InternationalPhoneticAlphabet音标 音素和国际音标1．什么是音素：音素是语音的最小单位。2．音素的分类：元音和辅音。3．音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。4．什么是音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标。5．什么是国际音标：国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标，用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。 元音和辅音的定义：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。 国际音标｛元音分类：英语中共有48个音标，元音20个，辅音28个。单元音双元音前元音中元音后元音｛/i:/,/ɪ/,/e/,/æ//ɜ:/,/ǝ/,/ʌ//u:/,/ʊ/,/ɔ:/,/ɒ/,/ɑ://eɪ/,/aɪ/,/ɔɪ/,/ǝʊ/,/aʊ/,/ɪǝ/,/eǝ/,/ʊǝ/辅音爆破音磨檫音鼻音半元音舌边音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g//f/,/v/,/∫/,/3/,/θ/,/δ/,/s/,/z/,/h/,/r/,/tʃ/,/d3/,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz//m/,/n/,/ŋ//l//w/,/j/ Vowels（元音）-purevowels（单元音）前元音：/i:/,/ɪ/,/e/,/æ/ /i:/例词：heseatreefield短语：greenleavesdeepseacleanstreeteatthemeat例句：A:Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea?B:Tea,please.A:OK.Ihavetea,too. /ɪ/-/i/例词：pinshiphillchicks短语：abigshipfiftypicturesMissSmithinterestingfilms例句：A:IsLilyin?B:Lilyisillinbed.C:Oh,I’msorry. /e/-/ε/例词：penheadlegwell短语：tenpenceverywellexpensivecigaretteswenttoAmerica例句：A:Howdidyouspendyourholiday?B:IwenttoBeijing.A:Wasitexpensive?B:Yes,very. /æ/例词：applelanternhandparachute短语：blackcatmadmantravelingbagmatter-of–fact例句：A:AnnistravelingtoJapan.B:Howhappysheis!A:Sheisveryhappy. Vowels（元音）-purevowels（单元音）中元音：/ɜ:/,/ǝ/,/ʌ/ /ɜ:/-/ǝ:/例词：girlbirdworkturn短语：earlybirdsuperbworkthirstypersonperfectsearch例句：A:Healwaysarrivesworkearly.B:Buthewasn’tearlythismorning.A:Youweren’tearlyeither. /ǝ/例词：teacherpicturebreakfastwelcome短语：aglassofwateraquartertosevenbrothersandsistersabookaboutChina例句：A:lookattheclock！B:what’sthetime?A:it’saquartertoseven /ʌ/例词：cuprunjumpflood短语：hurryup!trustus!rubbishdumpmustn’tworry例句：A:It’ssunnytoday.B:Yes,isn’tit.A:MyunclewillgotoLondonnextMonday.B:Howluckyheis! Vowels（元音）-purevowels（单元音）后元音：/u:/,/ʊ/,/ɔ:/,/ɒ/,/ɑ:/ /u:/例词：zoowhofoodblue短语：atoothforatoothSueandLucyfruitjuicetwoshoes例句：A:Lookatmynewshoes?B:Oh,theyarebeautiful.A:Yourbootsarebeautiful,too. /ʊ/-/v/例词：footwoodbookpush短语：goodcookgoodbookcouldn’tlookpuddingwithoutsugar例句：A:Wheredidyouputthebook?B:Whichbook?A:Thebookyouboughtyesterday. /ɔ:/例词：forkballmorningairport短语：fourballsscoreboardmorningglorysportsreporter例句：A:Iseetwochildrenontheblackboard.B:Heisshort.A:Sheisshorter. /ɒ/-/ɔ/例词：cockshopjobhospital短语：hotcoffeelongjobontheboxdropthepot例句：A:Ihaveabadcough.B:Youmustseeadoctor.A:Yes,Imustgotothehospital. /ɑ:/例词：cargardenstarguitar短语：fastcarhalfmasthearttransplantstarsandbars例句：A:Youlookverysmarttoday.B:Thankyou.C:Whatamarvelousdanceryouare.Letmetakeaphotographofyou. Vowels（元音）-diphthongs（双元音）/eɪ/,/aɪ/,/ɔɪ/,/ǝʊ/,/aʊ/,/ɪǝ/,/eǝ/,/ʊǝ/ /eɪ/-/ei/例词：faceraincakewait短语：eightcakeswastepaperrailwaystationwaitforthemail例句：A:It’smybirthdaytoday.B:HappybirthdayA:Thankyou.Cometomybirthdayparty.Anddon’tbelate. /aɪ/-/ai/例词：skykitewritebicycle短语:whiteliehightideeyeforeyesilentnight例句：A:It’safinedaytoday.Thesunisshiningbrightly.B:Yes,Ifeelhot.Ilikeanice-creamnow.A:Yes,Ido,too. /ɔɪ/-/ɔi/例词：boyboilnoisecoin短语：aspoiltboyanoisytoyanannoyingvoiceJoyce"sboyfriend例句：A:Lookatmytoygun.B:Oh,whatagoodtoy!A:Shallwejoinourfriendsinthegarden?B:Yes,let’sgo. /ǝʊ/-/ǝv/例词：coastthrowboattoe短语：Joe’scoatgotothewindowloadandunloadthrowasnowball例句：A:Look!Hehasaboat.B:Ishegoingtorow?A:Ithinkso. /aʊ/-/av/例词：cowhousemouthtrousers短语：shoutoutbrownmousedowntownroundlounge例句：A:Isshemilkingthecow?B:Yes,sheis.A:Isthecowinhehouse?B:No.Sheisonthedairyfarm. /ɪǝ/-/iǝ/例词：earqueerzerobeard短语：theatmosphereherequeerskierwearymountaineerexperiencedengineer例句：A:Let’shavesomebeerhere.B:Whatagoodidea!A:Whatshallwedoafterhavingbeer?B:Weshallgotothetheatre. /eǝ/-/εǝ/例词：hairbarepearchair短语：millionaire’sheirmayor’sparentssquarechairscarefullibrarian例句：A:Whereismypen?B:It’soverthereonthechair.A:Thankyou.It’sreallythere. /ʊǝ/-/vǝ/例词：tourpoorjurygourd短语：poortouriststourfromChinafuriousjuryEuropeangourd例句：A:Ireceivedaletterfrommyuncle.He’ssickwithinfluenza.B:I’msorry.IshestillinEurope.A:Yes.He’sstillworkinginLondon.B:HemustspeakfluentEnglish. 辅音发音位置相同清辅音：发音时声带不震动浊辅音：发音时声带震动清辅音／p／／t／／k／／f／／θ／浊辅音／b／／d／／g／／v／／ð／清辅音／s／／∫／／t∫／／ts／／tr／浊辅音／z／／3／／d3／／dz／／dr／ Consonants（辅音）-plosives（爆破音）/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/ /p/例词：pigpotpondplan短语：pickupapepperpotapieceofporkapenandapencil例句：A:Doyoucollectstamps?B:Yes,Ido.A:Willyoushowmeyourstampalbum?B:Yes,theyareupstairs.Letmegoandfetchthem. /b/例词：busbedbenchbrush短语：BigBenabigbottlebeautifulblousesbluebutterflies例句：A:Isthisyourhandbag?B:No,itisn’tmyhandbagisnotbrown.A:Whatcolorisyouhandbag?B:It’sblack. /t/例词：tietaxitaptelephone短语：titfortattipofthetongueflatfoottale-teller例句：A:I’mhungry.Iwantsomethingtoeat.B:Whataboutsomesteak?Let’sgototherestaurant!A:Yes,let’sgo. /d/例词：doordoctorheadwind短语：darlingdaughterdarkredplayedcardslistenedtotheradio例句：A:Whatdidyoudolastnight？B:Istudiedlastnight.A:Didyoustudyallnight?B:No,Ididn’t.Ilistenedtotheradioforsometime. /k/例词：carduckclockpark短语：thebackofthecaraskquestionaquartertosixcoolascucumber例句：A:Ilikechocolatecakes.B:Youdo?Doyouoftenhavechocolatecakes?A:Yes,Ido.B:Ifyouwanttokeepfit,don’teattoomanychocolatecakes. /g/例词：bagdoggoatgrape短语：goodgirlgotothegrocer’sasgoodasgoldgetangry例句：A:Canyouplaytheguitar?B:Yes,Iplayedmyguitarinthegardenandsongagainandagainwithmyfriendslastnight.A:Youmusthavehadagoodtimelastnight. Consonants（辅音）-fricatives（摩擦音）/f/,/v/,/θ/,/ð/,/s/,/z/,/ʃ/,/ʒ/,/ʧ/,/ʤ/ /f/例词：laughfatfishfamily短语：freshfruitfastfoodsoftsofafeelfine例句：A:LookatFreda!Sheisfashionable.B:Herhatisfunny.A:Lookatherfurcoat.It’sfabulous. /v/例词:vetvillagevolcanotelevision短语：lovelyviewvillagevetleavingarrivingleavesofthevine例句：A:Who’sdrivingthevan?B:Ithinkvictoris.A:Whoisvictor?B:Heismynewneighbor,hehaslivedhereforonlyafewmonths. /θ/例词：toothmonththinthirsty短语：threethousandMartha"sbirthdayhealthyauthorthirtymathematicians例句：A:Myfatherisamathematician.B:Nowonderyouaregoodatmathematics.A:Totellyouthetruth,myfatherneverteachesmemath. /ð/例词：fatherbreathethatfeather短语：smoothleathergettogetherbetterthanothersanotherbrother例句：A:LilyistallerthanMary.B:ButMaryisslimmerthanLily.A:Lookatthem.They’redoingphysicalexercisetogether. /s/例词：sunsmallhorsebicycle短语：sleepsoundlyexpensivecigarettessomebookssitinthesun例句：A:Thesearecups.B:Thosearesaucers.A:They’renicecupsandsaucers. /z/例词：zebra【"zebrə]zooprizebeesnose短语：jazzmusicclosethewindowsthesedayszeroanimal例句：A:Let’sgotothezoo.B:Good.Ilikelookingatthezebras.C:Ilikethemonkeysthere.Let’sgo. /ʃ/例词：delicious[di"liʃəs】fish,sugar,shoe,shop,sure,show,Asia短语：fashionshopsfriendshipassociationBritishshoeswashingmachine例句：A:Thisshopsellswashing-machines.B:Dotheysellair-conditioners,too.A:Sure. /ʒ/例词：television["teli,viʒən]garagetreasurepleasuremeasure短语：anunusualcollisionmeasureagarageagreatdecisionmypleasure例句：A:Lilylikesclothesforcasualwear.B:Clothesforcasualweararecomfortable,A:Iliketoweartheminmyleisuretime. 读单词massage[məˈsɑʒ]usually[ˈjuːʒuəli]vision[ˈvɪʒən]illusion[ɪˈluʒən] /ʧ/例词：picture[ˈpɪktʃər]kitchen[ˈkɪtʃ(ə)n]cheek,chicken,nature,church,catch,watch短语：Chinesechesswhichbutcherchickenandchipschangemuch例句：A:Wherearethetwochildren?B:They’rehavinglunch.A:Herearesomecherriesforthem.B:Thankyouverymuch. /ʤ/例词：giraffe[dʒəˈræf]jeepjugorangebridge短语：alargejeepinjuredpassengersadjusttheengineorangejuice例句：A:Ihaveanorange.B:Oh,yourorangeislarge.Look!I’vegotalargesandwich.A:Yes,itisaverylargeone. Consonants（辅音）-fricatives（摩擦音）/ts/,/dz/,/tr/,/dr/ /ts/studentscoatscatsboats/dz/headsreadsbedshands/tr/treetrucktraintrace/dr/dressdrinkdraindream 名词复数的读音规则 名词复数读音练习friendfriends浊辅音后读作／z／catcats清辅音后读作／s／sportsports清辅音后读作／s／foxfoxes以s.x.ch.sh结尾读作／iz／flashflashes以s.x.ch.sh结尾读作／iz／candycandies以辅音+y结尾-ies读作／iz／photophotos元音后读作／z／knifeknives浊辅音后读作／z／ 辅音清辅音／h／浊辅音／m／／n／／η／／l／／r／／w／／j／└鼻音┘└半元音┘ /h/例词：hat[hæt]hand,handbag,hair,whole短语：heartandhandhighheelshead-to-headhappyhoneymoon例句：A:TherewasacaraccidentherelastSunday.B:Oh,it’shorrible!A:Wereyouherewhentheaccidenthappened?B:No,Ionlyheardaboutit. 读单词helmet["helmit]who[hu:]hunter[ˈhʌntə]behind[bɪˈhʌɪnd]house[haʊs] /r/例词：rabbit[ˈræbət]run,river,parrot,strawberry,write短语：AmericanwaitressamarriedsecretarygrownupchildrenFrenchrestaurant例句：A:Roseworksasasecretaryattherailwaystation.B:Shedoes?Sheisaveryprettygirl.A:Yes,very. 读单词ride[raid]red[red]rat[ræt]run[rʌn] Consonants（辅音）-nasals（鼻音）/m/,/n/,/ŋ/ /m/例词：milk[milk]meet,summer,swimmer,comb,climb,autumn短语：man-mademakeamistakecometomorrowmiddlename例句：A:Mumhascomebackhome.B:Marvelous.A:Momsayswe’llgoandseeamovietonight.B:Yes,wecertainlywill. 读单词murmur["mə:mə]scream[skri:m]icecream[aiskri:m] /n/例词：neck[nek]number,funny,dinner,knife,knee,know短语：neatbrandyanegativeanswertelephonenumberhardentheneck例词：A:WhatanicepostcardoftheGrandCanyon!B:Theyarewonderful.A:Whosentittoyou?B:Afriendofmine. never["nevə]new[nju:]neighbour["neibə] /ŋ/例词：drink[driŋk]monkey,pink,bank,king,song,thing,spring短语：ring-dingrisingdiphthongstrongstringplayingping-pang例句：A:Doyoulikedrinkingtea?B:Yes,Ido.A:Weareadvisedtodrinkmoreteathancoffee.B:Teaisgoodforhealth. 读单词bring[briŋ]spring[spriŋ]charming["tʃa:miŋ]thank[θæŋk]thing[θiŋ] Consonants（辅音）-lateral（舌侧音）/l/ 例词：lock[lɔk]black,lion,lamb,sleep,lawyer,bell,ballon短语earlyforlunchlegoflambaglassoflemonadeyellowjelly例句：A:Mum,islunchready?I’mhungry.B:OK,lunchisready.A:What’sforlunch,Mum?B:We’llhavelambandpotatosalad./l/ 读单词sale[seil]balloon[bə"lu:n]lady[ˈleɪdi]love[lʌv] Consonants（辅音）-semi-vowels（半元音）/j/,/w/ /j/例词：year【jiə]yellow,yesterday,yard,young,yoghurt,yellyolk短语：yolkyellownewyear’sdaynewYorkuniversityatoughonion例句：A:Mybrotherwasamusicstudent.B:Whatdoeshedonow?A:HeisnowinEuropeworkingasabusinessman. 读单词YO-YO["jəujəu]Yolk[jəuk]lawyer【‘lɔ:jə】 /w/例词：wash[wɔʃ]week,water,swim,worker,wheel,wheat,white短语：weightwatcherweaveawebweepingwillowwetwind例句：A:Don’tlookoutofthewindow.B:Oh,I’msorry,I’mthinkingofmydog.Todayisawetday.A:Doyouthinkyourdogwillbelostinthewoodsonawetday? 读单词sweat[swet]win[win]window[ˈwɪndəʊ] Homework ThankYouHollyJoe