美式英语音标详解.doc 14页

美式英语音标一．梅花音/æ/和小/e//æ/mapapplelandmanfactorylamprashhazardmarrycampusfangladhamAthensbanknarrowcrashsmash/e/letbedexceleggwhenhotelsendwentlemonfellowdecadefetchnephewrequestnestpetletter对比：ledsetpeckmessbegtenladsatpackmassbagtan例句：1.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.2.Don’tletthecatoutofthebag.3.Handsomeisashandsomedoes.4.Betterlatethannever.二．饱满的双元音/ɑɪ//ɔɪ//ɑʊ//ɑɪ/bikehidewifemindbehindblindmodifystyleanalyzeclarifytriedsightheightguydenycyclefightnotifychildwildidentify/ɔɪ/oilcoinchoicespoilpointjointexploitpointnoiseannoyenjoydestroyemployvoyageoysterjoymoist /ɑʊ/aboutsoundfoundmousehousemountainfountaincounterpronouncethousandamountcowpowdercrowdbrownplough对比：(一)buysighmileboysoymoil(二)troutdownfoundproudtrotdonfondprod例句：1．Timeandtidewaitfornoman.2．Greatmindsthinkalike.3．Letby-gonesbeby-gones.4．Openyourmouthandpronouncethewordloudly.5．Outofsight,outofmind.三．双元音/ei//əu//ei/dategatefamedebateclassmatedangernailsailingfaithgrayBombayrelayweighneighborconveysteakobeyApril/əu/remotechokesupposezoneCoca-ColacontrolfloatroastcoastsoulthoughshoulderbelowtoeJoanboastphotototal 对比:(一)matewaitmainlatefadegatesailpapermetwetmenletfedgetsellpepper(二)flowboatcoldmostdovetoenofolkflewbootcoolmovedotwocanoefoodfloorboughtcaughtmoredoortorenorfour例句：1．Nopains,nogains.2．Hastemakeswaste.3．Littlestrokefellgreatoaks.4．Arollingstonegathersnomoss.四．双元音/iə//eə//uə//iə/heardearnuclearappearbeercheerpioneervolunteerengineerseveresincereinterferefierceideaidealKoreareallyheroperiodItalianbrilliantcafeteriamysteriousaudienceconvenientfamiliar/eə/preparecaredeclaresharebarecomparescarearearepairpearwherethereforehair /uə/surematureassureduringpoortourtouristtourismcruelinfluencecasualdualFebruary对比:(一)merebeerpierweirdfearheretearspearmillbillpillwillfillhilltillspill(二)airharefairmaredeclaresharedarebearearhearfearmereclearsheerdearbeer例句：1．Theatmospherehereisveryclear.2．Wherethere’sawill,thereisaway.3．Thepoormanwasassuredthathischildcouldbecured.4．Whereverthere’soppression,there’sresistance.五．摩擦音/θ//ð//s//z//θ/thinthankthreatwealthfaithworththeorythoughtfulthemethrillauthorathletethunder/ð/thenthusthosethereforeotherwiseneverthelessfurtherweatherworthysmoothnorthernbreathe/s/soldiercourseresponserespectsuspensesilentjumpslessonassumemessageceremonycertificateexcellentprivacycurrencycigar/z/amazezonecitizenrealizegazejazzdeserverevise dessertexamplecompromisedizzygrazeamuse对比:(一)ricehisspricerisehisprize(二)closingbreezebayszoosclothingbreathebathethose(三)sickfaceseemmousethickfaiththememouth例句：1.Saythenextsentencesoftlyandsmoothly.2.Thoserosesdeservetheprizes.3.Somethingisbetterthannothing.4.Motherandfatherwentthroughthickandthin.六．/f//v//w//f/:fatherfunnyunfairlifebeliefdefendfinancefunctionforgivefoldfashionsufferaffairstaffphotophrasegeographygraphphenomenonlaughenoughrough/v/lovenervousmovementcovereventsilvervanishvehiclevarietyofreviewproveVirginiaglovevisionbelievesave /w/weaponwelfarefarewellsoftwareawardwhalewhisperquarterqualityquarrelworthwhiletwelvetwisterwomanwarmwaterwash对比:(一)westwarywaneworsewhalewillowwakevestvaryvainverseveilvillavague(二)leafprooffanfewsurfacefastfailfineleaveprovevanviewservicevastveilvine七．/ɔ://ɔ/(很重要)/ɔ:/horsebornmorningsportswordrecordstormreportdrawawfulfaultaudiencecausethoughtwallrecallfalsealmostmoreexplorereward/ɔ/dogcostdoctorsorryknockprofitcommonpropertypopularmodelwashwantquarrelqualitybecauseAustraliaknowledgeGodjobhothospitaloddolivesockTomwaterbottlecopfoxbodyhonestproblemwatchgotshopcollegebottompromisedollar对比:porkforksshortmorningnaughtsportwarnchalkpockfoxshotmodernnotspotswanchock 八．/ɑ://ʌ//ɑ:/(一)artparkgardencigarapartmarchcartoon(二)ratherphotographafterplantFrancecastlemasterdisasterpalmlaughter/ʌ/sunbutdulljumpresultluckybuttersummerthumbthuscomemotherLondonmonkeycousinyoungdoubleenoughbloodfloodcoupleovenhoneycolor对比:(一)harmheartcartparkMarchhamhatcatpackmatch(二)luckhutjustfungovernmentlovepunishlarkheartjarfarmgarmentlaughpass九．/i://i//i:/thesecompleteeveneveningsecretfemaleappreciategreencheesewheelscreenrevealincreasepieceachievereceivekeypoliceuniquemagazine/i/sitfishwishforgivesincemilkbasisliquidopinionquitidentitydefinitesunnycitypuppytypicalprettybasketdecreasevillagelanguagemarriagebusyminute 对比:FeelleadpeelweeksheepseendeedmealleastFilllidpillwickshipsindidmilllistreachcheaprichchip十．/ʃ//ʒ//ʃ/shinesharpshameshockshortagesuresugarpressurefinancialadditionmachinepatientconnectiondeliciouspreciouscommercialissuemissionpublishAsiaprofession/ʒ/usualcasualtreasurepleasuremeasurevisiondecisionconfusionoccasiontelevisionexplosion对比:(一)signsameseesirsucksighsortsellsockshineshamesheetshirtshutshyshortshellshock(二)UseexposeseizepleaseconfuseUsualexposureseizurepleasureconfusion例句:1.Sheisnotverysureaboutherdecision.2.Shelikestogowindow-shoppingduringherleisuretime. 十一./ʧ//ʤ//ʧ/choosechainchartchiefchargechallengebeachreachtouchresearchwatchmatchkitchenquestionsuggestionfuturenatureculture/ʤ/jeepjudgeobjectmajorjokejealousgiantmargindigitaldangerchangegeneralbridgegenerous对比:(一)washsheepsharpsharecashshoeswatchcheapchartchaircatchchoose(二)visionpleasuremeasuregaragepigeonproceduremajorlarge十二./tr//dr//tr/treetruetrendtragedytrickattractentranceretreatactressstrangestrongstriketruthtrade/dr/dropdrumdramaaddressdragondraftdrugdreamdrinkchildrenbedroom对比:(一)treattracetraintruetreestripcheatchasechainchewcheesechip(二)drawdrumdraindreamdrychildrendrug jawjustJaneJimgiantpigeonjug十三./ts//dz//ts/lotshutsbootstargetsdebatesprofitsgraduateswhat’slet’sproductsprojectsthreatsnegotiates/dz/wordsthousandscardsrewardskidsdecadesconcludesdad’sDavid’sworld’s十四.爆破音/p/pillpermanentpainperformpopularhappenpopulationsportspeakspecialspreadexpensivespace/b/(一)obeyaboardhusbandtablebabylaborsymbolbeautybeginbenefitbeyondgrabclubjob(二)climbcombthumbdoubt/t/prettystaystorestandardsteplookedjumpedhurt/d/indeedpardonorderintroducemoderncommandmood/k/(一)kingkiteconcerncrisiskick(二)knockknowkneeknowledgeknife/ɡ/begintogetherregardarguevaguedialogue十五./j//ŋ//1/ /j/yellowyoungsteryouthyieldyardlawyerbeyonduseuniversepurefewnewsuniontuneyesterdayyawnbeautyyearly/ŋ/thingwingkingclingbangsinglefingerstrongeranglesingerringingthinksinkpinkmonkeydrinklinkuncleconquer/1/(一)lovelylooseluckyallowdeclareglassclaimpleaseblameslight(二)peoplebubblelittlerailwaypupiltabletitlestruggleawfularrivalpuzzlesilversignalschedulesolvelegalparallel对比:(一)tonguethingalongsinglengthwingtonthinalonesinlenswin(二)lestloudlightloyallongflightglasslaterestroundrightroyalwrongfrightgrassrate十六.失去爆破现象在六个爆破音/p//b//t//d//k//g/后面紧接着另一个爆破音,或摩擦音,或破擦音时,出现失去爆破现象处理:先摆好发音姿势,稍作停顿后再发下一个辅音 练习:(一)单词notebookgrandpasuitcasefootballhandbagblackboardpostcardSeptemberbookcasechapterdetectiveeffectiveselectionfirst-classgood-bye//advicebookshelffriendshipworkshopsadnessdepartment(二)短语agoodperson/blackpeople/firsttime/agoodboy/worktoohard/goodthings/thesecondjob/theredlight/lastmonth(三)句子Iamgladtoseethatyouhavemadegoodprogressandyoudon’tmakethesamemistake.十七.同化现象以某个音结尾的单词+同音开始的单词——只发一次即可！（一）短语baddog/likecandy/grabBob/ripepear/somemoney/morerain/fallleaves/biggirls（二）句子1．Sheisused-toeatingout.2．Howlongwillit-taketoget-toyourschool?3．Iate-toomuch.4．Let’sget-togetherfordinner.5．Igotagood-dealonthisradio. （一）特殊同化1．/t/+/j/=/ʧ/It’sverynicetomeetyou.Don’thurtyourself.Isthatyourbook?2．/d/+/j/=/ʤ/Wouldyoupleasecomein?Don’tholdyourbreath.Handyourbooktome.Didyoursistercome?十八.连读现象以辅音结尾的单词+以元音开头的单词——念成辅音+元音！（一）短语inanhour/putiton/bebackinaminute/foralongtime/notatall/yearinandyearout/standup/waitamoment/asamatteroffact/atfouro’clock/aquarterofapoundoftea(二)句子1.Youcanasklater.2.Whattimeisitnow?3.Keepupthegoodwork. 十九.英式英语与美式英语的差异（一）BrE中元音发/ɑ：/的单词，在AmE中的/s,f,m,n,θ,ð/前往往发/æ/AskchanceexamplehalfpathdancelaughterbasketdemandFrancemasterauntsampleplantcastledisasterpalmphotographafterrather(二)BrE单词中元音发/ɔ：/和/ɔ/时，AmE中相应发成/ɔ/和/ɑ/1．causefaulthaltpausewaterdoor2.boxgodnotshophotofficebodywatch(三)BrE中的r不发音，但AmE中的r发音markparkturnlearnclearworld(四)BrE中读/t/,但在AmE中有些发成“软/d/”mattersplittingmotorbeautywaterdoctorlittle(五)/j/在AmE中逐渐消失，发在/u：/的音tubedutystudentnewenthusiasmstupid