英语音标基础学习及练习 13页

英语音标学习认识几个定义：1、音素英语语音中最小的发音单位。2、元音发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍。3、辅音发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍。4、音节说话时最小的语音片段。一个可以为单个元音（如I/a?/），或者一个元音加上一个或多个辅音（如tree/tri:/）。单词可以根据音节数量分为：单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。6、闭音节以一个或几个辅音字母结尾且中间只有一个元音，即元音+辅音（如it,pen,pick等）。7、重读在双音节或多音节单词中，有个音节必须读得特别强而重，而其它音节读得相对弱而轻，这种现象就叫单词重读。用符号“"”表示。8、清音和浊音（辅音）发音时声带不振动叫清辅音；声带振动叫浊辅音。音标基础学习一、英语共有48个音素，元音20个，辅音28个、、J元音1.长短：/i://?//?://?//?://?//U://?/ 2.大小：/e//?//d//?/3.I组：/e?//a?//??/4.U组：/??//a?/5.?组：/??//e?//??/1/11清辅音/p//t//k//f//0//s//?//t?//tr//ts//h/浊辅音/b//d//g//v//e//z//?//d?//dr//dz//r//m//n//?//?//w//j/注：s与辅音元音里的爆破音结合时，通常是清辅音被浊化,/p//t//k/它们浊化后，分别发成:/b//d//g/二．26个字母在单词中的具体发音a/ei/nameablecaketabletakedate/?/applecatmapammatchmattersadandangry/d/dancelastpassplant/?/wantwhatwatchwash/?/aarrivealongalikealoude/i:/heshemeeveningmeter/e/elephanteggbedpenbestgetemptyFebruarynextthensend/i/enjoyEnglishelevenbecauseforesti/ai/finebikefiveiceclimberhikingkind /i/issitmisspigpictureinterestingilldinnerhimlistenpickrivero2/11/?u/oldhomenosecoketomatotofuoverholdpiano/?/dognotclockboxrobotonfromforestoftenstop/?/sonmonthmotherloveyoung/u:/whodowhoseu/ju:/useusuallyexcusemenu/?/busussunduckuncleuptrunkfunnymust/u/putpullhelpfulb/b/bookbigbagboxc/k/cleanclimbcupclockcookcollectcurtainclothes/s/facenicepencilcitycinemad/d/deskdolldogdaddaydon"tdishdoesdeepf/f/finefriendflyfootfanfallfightfavouritefruitfunnyg//gunglassgladgoget/d?/ageorangevillageh/h/hatherhousehoneyhappyhaveheavierhurthobbyhospitalj/d?/jeepjacketjumpJan.JulyJunek/k/kitecakethankkangaroospeaktakewalkworklakelikel3/11 /l/legleftrulerflaglamplongerrelaxplay/l/applebowltelloldtailwhalem/m/ammapmymouthmilk/n/noknownewhand/?/thankthinkthinguncleswingp/p/mapjeeppigpenappleplantplaypotatopleasepolicemanq/kw/quitequiltquick/r/redradiobrotherrainreadrunrabbitwritemirrorlibrary/s/sitmissthissaltybooksspringswimsleepsometimesgrass/z/nosethoseroserulersseasont/t/itsitnotthattablelittletiredtakeleftfruitbutplantv/v/fiveverysevenvillagelivew/w/wewindowwatchwantwaitwaterWednesdaywinterwithx/ks/boxsixfoxrelaxy/ai/myflywhybye/j/yesyellowyoungyesterday/i/happybabyverywindysnowystudyz/z/zoozero4/11 三、常见字母组合（一）元音组合ai/ei/waitpaintay/ei/mayplaydaysayair/e?/airhairchairal/?:/tallsmallballar/%:/fartherfarmcararmea①/i:/meatpleasetearead②/e/headbreadready③/i?/theaterear①/i?/earhearnear②/&?/bear③/?:/earthee/i:/meetseebeefeetjeepeir/&?/theirer①/?/workerteacher②/?:/herere①/i?/here②/&?/wherethereew①/ju:/newfew②/u:/flewgrewight/ai/righthighbrightir/?:/birdgirlshirtthirtyoa/?u/boatcoatong/o?/longsongoo①/u/bookfootgood②/u:/moonballoonor①/?:/shortforkport②/?:/wordworldworkoor/?:/doorfloor5/11 ore/?:/morestoresoreou/au/outhousemouthour①/?:/fouryour②/au?/ourow①/?u/bowlwindow②/au/nowcowfloweroy/oi/boytoyur/?:/turn（二）辅音组合th①/8/thankmouth②/8/thisthatwithtr/tr/treetraintruckdr/dr/dressdriversh///shirtwashshortch①/t//childchaircatch②/k/schoolChristmas③/d3/sandwichtw/tw/twotwintwentywh①/w/whitewheelwhat②/h/whowhosewhomts/ts/jacketskitesds/dz/birdsfriends（三）特殊组合tion//n/questionnation四、单词重音（wordstress）英语单词分为单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。含有一个元音音素的字母组合叫做一个音节，由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词，如bed[b?d],dad[d?d]. 由两个音节构成的词叫双音节词，如funny["f?n?]，famous["fem?s]6/11由两个以上音节构成的单词叫多音节词，如delicious[d?"l???s]英语单词如果有一个以上的音节则有重读音节和非重读音节，由符号“"”表示，如about[?"baut]。有的多音节词有两个重音，一个是主重音，一个是次重音，或两个都是主重音，次重音用符号“，”表示，标在次重音的左下方。如anybody["?n?,b0?]。双音节的重音一般落在第一个音节上，多音节的重音通常为倒数第三个音节，如documentary[,dckj?"m?nt?r?],grandfather["gr?nd,fce?]。四．句子重音（sentencestress）一个句子中，实词（名词，实义动词，数词，形容词，副词等）重读；虚词（冠词，介词）不重读。英语音标练习题一、口语练习（一）读出下列单词：1./i://i//e//?//bit//wi:k//di:l//ri?l//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil/ bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwill/p?k//g?p//tr??//n?g//r?m//b?tl//sed//"h?pi//"setl//di"pend/packgaptrashnagrambattlesaidhappysettledepend1./a://?://?//u://u/ /ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//st?:m//n?:t//f?ks//s?k//fa://la:d?//ma:k/maskpastFrancestormnaughtfoxsockfarlargemark7/11/02t/pr?mis//lu:s//tuk//mud//0ru://pul//wud/thoughtpromiseloosetookmoodthroughpullwood3./?//?//?//d?l//"h?ri//g?lf//"tr?bl//?:n//s?:f//"t?:n?//"beg?//t?k/dullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k?:b//?:k//?"merik//"s?k?//"k?mp?//s?"vei//p?"veid//p?"h?ps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervade perhaps4./ei//?u//ai//au//?i//keip//greit//mein//pr?p?uz//"m?u??n//st?un//"?uv?//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim//daut//"taipist//aust//m?ist//"?ist?/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster5./i?//??//u?//vi?//?"f??//d??//sk??//bu?n//gu?d//"ru?r?l//?"pi?//k?"l?mbi?/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia6./0//e//m?n0//0i:f//e?t//e?n//fei0//t?"gee?//0??k//e?m"selvz/8/11monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthank themselves(二)、绕口令：Atidytigertiedatietightertotidyhertinytail.AmadmansaysthatAmandahascapturedafatpanda.Ifyounoticethisnotice,youwillnoticethatthisnoticeisnotworthnoticing.Abigblackbugbitabigblackbear,madethebigblackbearbleedblood.Iftwowitcheswatchedtwowatches,whichwitchwouldwatchwhichwatch?WhichwristwatchisaSwisswristwatch?Shesellsseashellsontheseashore.Theseashellsshesellsareseashellssheissure.二、笔头练习：.找出画线部分读音不同的单词B.meatC.weatherD.beachB.fastC.haveD.mapB.gardenC.marketD.partyB.toothC.chooseD.goodB.rulerC.putD.menuB.noC.coldD.hotB.funC.sunD.ugly()1.A.tea()2.A.back()3.A.warm()4.A.school()5.A.June()6.A.go()7.A.push()8.A.tigerB.herC.officerD.over ()9.A.mouthB.dangerousC.thousandD.about8/11()10.A.tooB．classroomC．broomD．afternoonB．brownC．windowD．know()11.A.yellow()12.A．theseC．brotherB．D．threethey()13.A．teacherB．seatD．pleaseC．sweater()14.A.islandB.smallC.askD.helps(二)．根据音标写单词：[fa:][da:ns][mu:n][kait]["h?pinis]["priti]["f?mili][t?"gee?][f?ks][tju:b][flai][fl?g]["mu:nkeik]["indi?]["dju?ri?][sn?u]["si:zn][di"li??s]["jest?dei][in"d??i]["mid,?:t?m][t?eind?]["deind??]["n?izi][mju(:)"zi?m](三)根据音标写句子： 1.au?kla:sizn?tveribig.2.b?titsaiza:n?tbig.3.e??a:sikskla:sizingreidw?n.4.wi:k?nsi:it?te?zu:.10/1111/11