高三英语语法系统复习 72页

高三英语语法系统复习很多同学看了很多语法书,可是觉得自己做题的时候,自己对语法掌握得还不是很好.当然原因很多.其一就是很多同学在研究语法(这是语法学家做的事情),比如哪些词可以做主语,背得很熟,可是做题时却用不上.其二就是基本的语法规则没有掌握。本站将推出高考语法复习专题,从高考的角度来讲语法希望对有需要的同学有帮助.特色:推出一句话语法.一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法:主语由名词性的词来充当.例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。一句话语法:谓语由动词充当.有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词.谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要.如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法:表语使用形容词,不用副词!例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）注意:副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词!我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子:givemeabook.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法:宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词） Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一句话语法:定语使用形容词定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法:状语用副词,不用形容词)，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）Waitaminute.（名词）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢?对喽,就是原因状语)Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件状语）Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语） Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）练习一一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.Theapplestastedsweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：Ihopeyouareverywell.I"mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI"mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn"toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）： MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It"sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon"t,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.四、选择填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis()9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where答案:一~三略四、1-5CBDBB6-10ACBAB大家重点做一下第四题,有些题目比较难(当然是相对于我们刚复习的语法而言,比如第一题是定语从句,这个我们还没有复习到,所以做不好也是正常的),做完题之后,回过头来再看一下一句话语法是不是很有用. 二、简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.特点:用句号结束一个句子2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?疑问句就是问句3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass祈使句:表示命令或者请求.和有没有主语没有关系4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!还有一个结构是用what.how后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。有主句和从句构成,在一个句子前面加上连词(当然不是and,but,or了),这个句子就是从句了.e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g.Heisastudent.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g.Wework.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh. 注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。这是非常重要的,不需要理解,背下来吧（三）并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.这里大家记住这些连词就够用了.如果一下子记不住这么多,就记一个两个,记住有的时候不要和自己较劲（四）高考考点探讨1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and,but,or,while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。如：Wewillgooutingifitdoesn’traintomorrow。练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening. 5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：Ihopeyouareverywell（）.I"mfine,buttired（）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI"mhelpingmyDadonthefarm（）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（）.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（）Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors（）.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat（）.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm（）.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim（）.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest（）.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden（）.Itdoesn"toftenraininthesummerhere（）.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden（）.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell（）.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden（）.MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime（）.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy（）.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside（）.It"sgreat（）!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion（）.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer（）.Idon"t,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty（）.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates（）.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates（）.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime（）.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina（）?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep（）.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents（）.三、选择填空：重点做1.Givemeonemoreminute____I’llbeabletofinishit.A.andB.orC.ifD.so2.It’sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,____?A.hasn’theB.isn’theC.isn’titD.hasn’tit3.____joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan4.Letuspass,____?A.shan’tweB.shallweC.won’tweD.willyou 5.Isupposehe’sserious,____?A.doIB.don’tIC.isheD.isn’the6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,____?A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyou7.Trainashardasyoucan____you’llwintheswimmingcompetition.A.thenB.butC.andD.or8.I’msorrytohavetosaythis,____youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight.A.andB.butC.soD.because9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and____.A.Henryhasn’ttooB.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenry10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,____othersenjoyswimming.A.orB.forC.whileD.so11.----Doyoufeellikegoingout____wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?----I’dliketogoout.A.orB.andC.butD.so12.----“____isthetemperaturetoday?”----“It’s38degrees.”A.WhichB.HowC.HowhotD.Howhigh13.----Youruncleisn’tanengineer,ishe?----____.A.Yes,heisn’tB.No,heisn’tC.No,heisD.Heis14.____friendly____toeveryone!A.How,issheB.What,issheC.How,sheisD.What,sheis15.Marywenttobedearly,____shefeltverytired.A.orB.soC.forD.yet16.Mother____adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.made17.Helayinbed____readsomethingborrowedfromlibrary.A.butB.andC.orD.yet18.----I’dreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.----____whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou.A.TellmeB.IfyouwouldsaytomeC.YouwilltellmeD.Ifyoutellme19.Asheisstrong,____canliftonehundredpounds.A.yetheB.butheC.andD.he----Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella.----Ihad,____I’velostit.A.sinceB.butC.becauseD.so21.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom. A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn22.----Idon’tlikechicken____fish.----Idon’tlikechicken____Ilikefishverymuch.A.and,andB.and,butC.or,andD.or,but23.----Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?----I’dliketo,____I’mtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.but24.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise25.Shesetoutsoonafterdark____homeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived26.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid____tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointed27.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while28.____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave29.----Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,____?----ButIfedityesterday.A.doyouB.willyouC.didn’tyouD.don’tyou30.____himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch四、按要求完成下列句子：1.Hedarestotellthetruth.（改为否定句）2.Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.（对画线部分提问）3.Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,____________?（完成反意疑问）4.Youmustbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.（改为祈使句）5.Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.(改为一般疑问句)6.Itisaninterestingstory.（改为感叹句）7.Thismagazinecomesout（出版）everyotherweek.（对画线部分提问）8.Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,____________?（完成反意疑问）9.Themoonisshiningbrightly.（改为感叹句）10.OurEnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.（对画线部分提问） 答案：一、1、简单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4、简单句；5、并列句；6、复合句；7、并列句；8、复合句；9、简单句；10、简单句二、Ihopeyouareverywell（复合句）.I"mfine,buttired（简单句）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI"mhelpingmyDadonthefarm（并列句）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（简单句）.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（并列句）Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors（简单句）.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat（并列复合句）.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm（简单句）.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim（复合句）.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest（简单句）.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden（简单句）.Itdoesn"toftenraininthesummerhere（简单句）.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden（简单句）.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell（简单句）.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden（简单句）.MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime（简单句）.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy（简单句）.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside（简单句）.It"sgreat（简单句）!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion（简单句）.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer（简单句）.Idon"t,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty（复合句）.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates（简单句）.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates（简单句）.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime（简单句）.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina（简单句）?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep（简单句）.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents（简单句）.三、1~5ACADD6~10BCBDC11~15ADBCC16~BADB21~25DDDCD26~30ADDBD四、1.Hedoesn’tdaretotellthetruth.或Hedarenottellthetruth.2.Howlonghavetheylivedhere?3.won’tthere4.Becarefulwithyourpronunciation.5.Didtheygoforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening?6.Whataninterestingstory(itis)!或Howinterestingthestoryis!7.Howoftendoesthismagazinecomeout?8.couldthey9.Howbrightlythemoonisshining!10.WhoisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass?高考语法复习二、主谓一致 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.注意：①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：Thewriterandartisthascome.;/②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.4、either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.注意：①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.5、在定语从句时，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如：ClassFourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.注意：people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild. 7、由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.注意：anumberof“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；thenumberof“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Therecomesthebus./Onthewallaremanypictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Whichisyourbag?/Whichareyourbags?/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.4、表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelvepluseightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.6、一些学科名词是以–ics结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./Ithinkphysicsisn’teasytostudy.7、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.8、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1、当两个主语由either…or,neither…nor,whether…or…,notonly…butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neithertheynorheiswhollyright./Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?2、therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.. 注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。练习：1.I,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.A.amB.isC.areD.bekey:Awho指的是I;Iam所以whoam2.Therich____notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.hasD.havekey:Athe+adj指一类人,当然用复数了;behappy,所以不用have3.NeitherTomnorJackandI____hisstudents.A.areB.amC.isD.waskey:A就近原则;主语是JackandI4.Maryaswellashersisters____ChineseinChina.A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.studykey:C句子主语Mary;aswellashersisters不是主语5.NeithermyfathernorI____athome.A.amB.isC.areD.bekey:A就近原则6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI____goodatpainting.Bothofus____goodpainters.,A.are;areB.am;amC.am;areD.is;iskey:C第一空就近原则7.Every"boyandeverygirl____toattendtheeveningparty.A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.likekey:B8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChina____peasants.A.wasB.isC.wouldbeD.arekey:Dpopulation这个词指人,谓语用复数;指数字,谓语用单数9.ThepopulationofChina____largerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.A.isB.areC.hasD.havekey:A10.Everymeans____triedbutwithoutanyresult.A.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeenkey:Dmeans不是复数,是一个单词,意思是方法手段11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,____forhavingbrokentherule. A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunishedkey:A12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor____askedtoattendthemeetingthisafternoon.A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeingkey:CtheLeaguesecretary和themonitor两个人;比较:thedoctorandwriteriscoming...13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor____.A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmenC.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinesekey:A14.There____apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.A.areB.isC.hasD.havekey:B就近原则15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclass____girls.A.areB.wasC.isD.bekey:Aalargenumberof...很多,相当于many的用法;比较:thenumberof...指的是数字,所以谓语动词用单数的形式16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses____muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.A.doesn"tchangeB.don"tchangeC.changeD.changedkey:A17.TheArabianNights____wellknowntotheEnglish.A.isB.areC.wasD.werekey:AtheArabianNights-天方夜谭,这是一本书,谓语动词当然用单数了.18.ChairmanMao"sworks____published.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.iskey:Bworks著作,作品毛主席选集已经出版了,当然是复数了.19.Achemicalworks____builtthere.A.istobeingB.havebeenC.weretoD.hasbeenkey:Dworks工厂TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;fivekey:B21.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica____oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.A.isB.areC.wasD.werekey:A主语是一个国家22.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____elected.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is key:D比较:Heisoneofthestudentswhoareelected.23.Theisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat____asked.A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeenkey:C24.Manyaman____cometohelpus.A.haveB.hasC.isD.arekey:B这个把它背下来25."All____presentandall____goingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;arekey:A第一个all指所有人;第二个all是情况26.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingforD.weresearchingkey:B是警方的人,不是一个单位;search为搜(身);searchfor=lookfor27.Yourtrousers____dirty.Youmusthave____washed.A.is;ilB.are;itC.are;themD.is;themkey:C有人戏说裤子两条腿,所以是复数.有道理28.Thispairoftrousers____toolongforhim.A.isB.beC.areD.werekey:A注意主语不是裤子,是pair,thispair29.Oneandahalfbananas____leftonthetable.A.isB.areC.hasD.havekey:Aa+名词+andahalf,oneandahalf+名词,作主语时,谓语动词要用单数.注意:oneortwo+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,如:Oneortwobananashavebeenleftonthetable.30.Eighttimeseight____sixty-four.A.isB.areC.getD.equalkey:A31.Tenminutes____anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.A.seemsB.seemC.seemedD.seemeskey:A把tenminutes看成一个整体.32.____ofthemoney____nmout.A.Three-fifth;hasB.Three-fifth;hasbeenC.Three-fifths;hasD.Three-fifths;havekey:C第一空分数表达法,当分子大于1的时候,分母用复数;主语是money,不可数.33.Thewholeclass____theteacherattentively. A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningD.islisteningkey:Athewholeclass指全体学生34.1havefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhich___moredifficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.werekey:Atherest后面用单数还是复数,取决于它所指代的事物.如果指代不可数名词,当然用当数;如果指代可数名词,要看它所指代的是几个,如果是一个也要用单数.35.Betweenthetworowsoftrees____theteachingbuilding.A.standB.standsC.standingD.arekey:B注意这是倒装句,主语是theteachingbuilding36.Largequantitiesofwater____forirrigation.A.isneededB.has-neededC.areneededD.needkey:A主语是Alargequantitiesof用法相当于much;比较:severalbottlesofwaterareneeded.这时句子的主语就是bottle,所以谓语动词用复数37.Thattheywerewronginthesematters____nowcleartousall.A.isB.wasC.areD.allkey:A主语从句.相当于Itisnowcleartousallthattheywerewronginthesematters.38.Whatweneed____goodtextbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.haskey:B我们需要的东西是好的教科书,也就是说whatweneed所指是教科书们39.Whatyousaidjustnow____thematterwearediscussing.A.havesomethingtoatB.hassomethingtodowithC.hadsomethingtodowithD.hasbeensomethingtodowithkey:B40.Morethanonemember____againsttheplan.A.isB.areC.hasD.havekey:A41.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.A.hasnotdecidedB.isnotdecidedC.arenotdecidedD.havenotdecidedkey:BWhenandwheretobuildthenewfactory讲的是一个事情42.Halfofthefruit____bad.A.areB.hasC.isD.havekey:C43.____eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Iskey:C44.Mathematics____thelanguageofscience. A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobekey:CMathematics数学45.Myfamily____small.A.isB.wereC.areD.makeskey:A所指不是家里的人,而是把家作为一个单位来说.46.Thefollowing____someotherexamples.A.areB.isC.wasD.werekey:Athefollowing指代的是一些其它的例子们47.Theybothhavesomefriends;buthis____moreactive.A.isB.willbeC.wasD.arekey:D48.Bothriceandwheat____growninthatcountry.A.isB.areC.wasD.haskey:B49.Earlytobedandearlytorise____agoodhabit.A.areB.isC.wereD.waskey:B50.Toplaybasketballandtogoswimming____usefulforcharacter-training.A.wasB.isC.areD.werekey:C比较一下48-50三个题51.EitherheorI____toattendthemassmeetingthisevening.A.isB.amC.areD.bekey:B就近原则52.____eitherheorItoattendthemassmeetingthisevening.A.isB.amC.areD.bekey:A同5153.Anironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactories,____tobebuilthere.A.areB.wereC.isD.willkey:CAnironandsteelworks钢铁厂,不是钢厂和铁厂;54.Sheaswellasherbrother____aLeaguemember.A.areB.wereC.willD.iskey:D55.Hisfamily____abigone.Nowthefamily____watchingTV.A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,arekey:A56.ItisIwho____goingtoattendthemeetingtomorrow. A.isB.amC.areD.bekey:B强调句式,原句:Iamgoingtoattendthemeetingtomorrow.对主语进行强调.注意强调句式只是用itis/was....that/who(指人时可以使用who,当然也可以使用that)...这个结构改变词序,其它的什么也不能动.57.Morethan60%ofthestudents____thecountryside.A.isB.areC.isfromD.arefromkey:D58.Manyaman____thenovel.A.hasreadB.havereadC.isreadD.arereadkey:A59.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____goingtoswimthisafternoon.A.isB.wasC.areD.werekey:A60.Here____apen,afewpencilsandsomepaperforyou.A.areB.isC.wasD.werekey:B语法复习三：名词性从句在前面我们已经知道了什么是句子.我们可以这样解释什么叫从句:在一个句子的前面加上一个连接词,这个句子就变成了从句.如果这个从句做了主语,它就是主语从句.其它的以此类推.注:1.特殊疑问句本身可以做从句,它不需要加连接词.2.所有的从句要使用陈述语序.陈述语序:句子第一个词永远是主语;第二个词可能是情态动词助动词等加上动词,或者是动词本身.名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。名词性从句,顾名思义,它具有名词性.所以可以作主语,宾语等等.回忆一下句子成分那一章（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who,whose,whom,what,which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when,where,why,how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词：that,whether,if,asif,that（二）主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。Whowillgoisnotimportant. 2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.3、that引导主语从句时放在句首时，不能省略。Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.实用例句:Isittruethathewillbepunishedseriouslybytheheadmaster?Doesitmakeanydifferencewhoboughtthesegifts?Howstrangeitisthatthesechildrenaresoquiet!注意:表示是否,只能使用whether.（三）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.注意:表示是否,只能使用whether.（四）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。Ihope(that)everythingisallright.2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework..I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid.3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。if和whether区别①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。e.g.Iwonderifitdoesn’train.②用if会引起误解，就要用whether。e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）③宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.Idon’tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere. Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.状语从句实用例句:使用it作形式宾语Ithoughtitimpossiblethathecouldfinishthisjobinjusttwohours.Heleftittomyjudgmentwhetherweshouldcontinuethisproject.注意:形式主语和形式宾语只有一个替代词:it（五）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody练习：一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.2.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.3.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.4.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.5.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.6.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.7.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.8.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.9.DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool?10.Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.参考答案:1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句二、用适当的连词填空：1.Ican’tdecide____________dictionaryIshouldbuy.2.That’s____________herefusedmyinvitation.3.Iamveryinterestedin____________hehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.4.____________weneedismoretime.5.Thefact____________shehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.6.____________and____________theywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.7.Pleasetellme____________youarewaitingfor.8.Isthat____________youarelookingfor?9.Wouldyoupleasetellme____________thenearestpostofficeis? 10.Idon’tknow____________hewillagreetotheplanornot.参考答案:1.which;2.why;3.how;4.What;5.that;6.when,where;7.who(m);8.what;9.where;10.whether三、选择填空：1.Doyousee_____Imean?A.thatB./C.howD.whatkey:D宾语从句that引导宾语从句无词义,也不作成分.mean是及物动词,必须有宾语.所以不选A;how是副词,也不能作mean的宾语.whatImean,whatIdid,whatIsaid,等是一个非常重要的名词结构.2.Tellme_____isonyourmind.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whykey:Bwhatisonyourmind是what名词结构．句意：告诉我你的心事．3.Wemuststickto_____wehaveagreedon.A.whatB.thatC./D.howkey:A4.Letmesee_____.A.thatcanIrepairtheradioB.whetherIcanrepairtheradioC.IcanrepairtheradioD.whethercanIrepairtheradiokey:B从句使用陈述语序注意选项C可以看成是省略了that的宾语从句,在语法上来讲它是正确的,但语义不通.5.Keepinmind_____.A.thattheteachersaidB.whatdidtheteachersayC.thatdidtheteachersayD.whattheteachersaidkey:Dwhat名词结构作keep宾语.6.Couldyouadviseme_____?A.whichbookshouldIreadfirstB.whatbookshouldIreadfirstC.thatbookIshouldreadfirstD.whichbookIshouldreadfirstkey:D7.Hewascriticizedfor_____.A.hehaddoneitB.whathehaddoneC.whathadhedoneD.thathehaddoneitkey:B8.Wouldyoukindlytellme_____?A.howcanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStationB.howIcangettotheBeijingRailwayStationC.wherecanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStation D.whethercanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStationkey:B9.Mrs.Smithwasverymuchimpressedby_____.A.whathadsheseeninChinaB.thatshehadseeninChinaC.whatshehadseeninChinaD.whichhadsheseeninChinakey:C10.Wetookitforgranted___A.thattheywerenotcomingB.thatweretheynotcomingC.theywerecomingnotD.weretheynotcoiningkey:A11.Ireallydon"tknow_____A.IshoulddonextB.whatshouldIdonextC.whatIshoulddonextD.howIshoulddonextkey:C12.I"mafraid_____.A.thelittlegirlwillhavetobeoperatedonB.thatwillthelittlegirlhavetooperateonC.thelittlegirlwillhavetooperateonD.thatwillthelittlegirlhavetobeoperatedonkey:A13.Shewalkedupto_____.A.wheredidIstandB.whereIstoodC.IstoodthereD.whereIstoodtherekey:BwhereIstood我站的地方14.Canyoutellme_____?A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whom.isthatgentlemankey:C陈述语序15.We"llgiveyou_____.A.thatdoyouneedB.whatdoyouneedC.whateveryouneedD.whetherdoyouneedkey:Cwhatever:1.nomatterwhat表示让步,副词性2.anythingthat,名词性如果一个副词性的疑问词加上ever后缀,它只具有副词性.如whenever=nomatterwhen;however它是一个很特殊的词:1.表示转折关系,副词,词义:然而2.nomatterhow无论怎么16.Theywantustoknow_____tohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcantheykey:Bwhattheycan(do),what作do的宾语.17.Wemustput_____intopractice.A.whatwehavelearnedB.thatwehavelearned C.thathavewelearnedD.whathavewelearnedkey:A18.Didshesayanythingabout_____?A.thattheworkwastobedoneB.howwastheworktobedoneC.thatwastheworktobedoneD.howtheworkwastobedonekey:D19.Hewasneversatisfiedwith_____.A.whatshehadachievedB.hadwhatsheachievedC.shehadachievedD.thatsheachievedkey:AThesephotographswillshowyou_____.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslikekey:B21.Peterinsisted_____hepaythebill.A.onthatB.whatC.thatD.onwhichkey:Cinsist后面加that从句要用虚拟的形式:should+v,should可省略22.Theyurged_____thelibraryopenduringthevacation.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.thatkey:D同上23.Wewishwecouldhavelearned_____whenwewereathighschool.A.whatyoudidB.thatyouhaddoneC.thatwhatyoudidD.whatdidyoudokey:A24.1willdescribetoyou_____Isawwhenthere.A.whatB.thatC.whichD./key:A25.From_____Ishouldsayheisagoodworker.A.what1knowofhimB.thatIdoknowofhimC.whatdoIknowofhimD.thatdoIknowofhimkey:A26.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto__wantstohaveit.A.whomeverB.anyoneC.whoeverD.someonekey:Canyonewhowantstohaveit27._____theywillcomeherehasn"tbeendecidedyet.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD.Wherekey:C28._____wassaidheremustbekeptsecret. A.WhoB.ThethingC.WhateverD.Wherekey:C29.Itisstillaquestion_____weshallhaveoursportsmeet.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whenkey:D30.I"mgoinganyway._____shewillgoisuptohertodecide.A.IfornotB.WhetherornotC.IfD.Thatkey:B31.Itisstrange_____shehaveleftwithoutsayingaword.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.howkey:A32.Itisveryclear_____ourpolicyisacorrectone.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.wherekey:B33._____Mr.Zhangsaidisquiteright.A.ThatB.WhenC.WhatD.Whetherkey:C34.Ithasbeendecided_____hewillbesentthere.A.ifB.whetherC.whyD.thatkey:D比较:Ithasn"tbeendecidedwhetherhewillbesentthere.35.Itdoesn"tmatter_____he"scomebackornot.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.whenkey:B36.It"sagreatpity_____wewon’tbeabletofinishthetaskontime.A.whenB.thatC.whyD.wherekey:B37.Ithappened_____Iwasn"ttherethatday.A.whenB.whyC.whereD.thatkey:Dithappenedthat...碰巧...38._____youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Thethingskey:A39._____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoftthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Whokey:Canyonewho比较:wholefttheroomlastisbeinglookedinto.40._____theOlympicGameswon"tbeheldinBeijingisknowntoall. A.WhetherB.IfC.WheneverD.Thatkey:D41._____failstoseethiswillmakeabigmistake.A.ThatB.WhoeverC.WhetherD.Whetherornotkey:Banyonewho42.__weneedmoreequipmentisquiteobvious.A.WhatB.WhetherC.ThatD.Whateverkey:C43.Hasitbeenannounced_____?A.whenaretheplanestotakeoffB.thataretheplanestotakeoffC.wherearetheplanestotakeoffD.whentheplanesaretotakeoffkey:D44.Thatis_____weallsupporthisidea.A.whatB.whyC.whereD.whenkey:B45.That’s_____weshoulddo.A.thatB.whatC.howD.whykey:B46._____istroublingmeis_____Idon’tunderstand_____hesaidA.What;that;whatB.What;what;whatC.That;that;whatD.Why;that;whichkey:A47.Thingswerenot_____theyseemedtobe.A.whenB.whyC.thatD.whatkey:D48.That’s_____Iwanttosay.A.allwhatB.whatC.allwhichD.whatthatkey:B49.That’s_____.A.whereourdifferenceslieB.ourdifferencesliethereC.wheredoourdifferenceslieD.thatwhereourdifferencesliekey:A50.Thatis_____.A.wherelivedhethereB.wheredidheliveC.wherehelivedD.thatwherehelivedkey:C51.Thequestionsis_____.A.whetherisitworthdoingB.thatifitisworthdoing C.whetheritisworthdoingD.ifitisworthdoingkey:C52.Waterwillcontinuetobe_____itistodaynextinimportancetooxygen.A.howB.whichC.whatD.askey:C53.That"s_____.A.howdidIbecomeateacherB.howIbecameateacherC.howateacherIbecameD.thatIbecameateacherkey:B54.Theyarejust_____.A.thatwhatshallIhaveB.whatshallIhaveC.thatIshallhavewhatD.whatIshallhavekey:D55.Itlooked____.A.asifitwasgoingtorainB.thatasifitwasgoingtorainC.asifwasitgoingtorainD.asifthatitwasgoingtorainkey:A56.That"s_____.A.howshediditB.thathowdidshedoit.C.howdidshedoitD.whatshediditkey:A注意选项D,多了一个词:it57.Thatis_____wedecidedtoputthediscussionoff.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.whykey:D58.That’s_____IlivedwhenIwastenyearsold.A.whereB.atwhichC.therewhereD.whenkey:A59.Mysuggestionis_____weshouldsendafewcomradestohelpthem.A.ifB.thatC.whenthatD.thatwherekey:B60.Theidea_____allpeopleareselfishiswrong.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.ifkey:B61.Weheardthenews_____ourteamhadwon.A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.whykey:A62.Thefact_____hehadn’tsaidanythingsurprisedusall.A.whyB.ifC.thatD.whether key:C63.Ihavenoidea_____shewillbeback.A.thatB.whereC.thatwhenD.whenkey:D64.Wemustkeepinmindthefact_____Chinaisstilladevelopingcountry.A.whetherB.thatC.whyD.whenkey:B65.Theyhavenoideaatall_____.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.wherehashegoneD.whichplacehehasgonekey:A语法复习四：定语从句（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as2、关系副词：when,where,why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首(大家想一想什么叫从句来的?在一个句子前面加上连词.在定语从句中这个连词叫做关系词.关系词的概念是:既要起连接作用,又要在从句中做成分)，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）关系词的概念是:既要起连接作用,又要在从句中做成分,那么怎么作这个成分呢(下面的用法要牢记哟):3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。定语从句分为:限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句.怎么区分,对于我们初学者来说记住:非限制性定语从句前面或者后面有逗号!（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。 e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,(看好这就是非限定性从语从句.注意到逗号了吗?)stillworksharddayandnight.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别。1）用that而不用which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,…；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only,very,any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。Mr.Smithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。2）用which而不用that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词+关系代词。e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。注意:that与which的区别非常多了,很难记住.一句话语法:逗号后/介词后使用which,其它用that一定不会错3）as引导定语从句时的用法①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriend’s.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。4）as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g.Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.一句话语法:as用法—1.固定结构中,比如such...asso...asto...;2.如果句子译成正如...一样,一定使用as2.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.一句话语法:看一个第一个例子,who指代的是哪个,theman,所以只能是wholives3.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.4.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.为什么会是这样:关系副词=介词+which?October1,1949wasthedaywhichthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedon.看一下上面这个句子,看懂了吗?which在从句中做on的宾语(宾语有两个,前面讲过的,一个是动词宾语,另一个是介词宾语).再看下面这个例子:October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.等量代换!5.当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.6.介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which,that,whom,口语中也可用who，且可省略。e.g.Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.练习: 一句话语法:看看从句缺主语吗?缺,先行词指人还是物?不缺,往下来缺宾语吗?(注意要看好,一是动词有没有宾语;二是介词有没有宾语)缺,哪些先行词可作宾语?不缺,怎么办?考虑用关系副词呀,就是whenwherewhy注意:如果你发现关系词后面的名词前面什么也没有,光秃秃的,一定要考虑是不是应该用whose1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which3.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as4.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who5.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as1-5ABACD6.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when7.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who8.Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere?A.whoB./C.thatD.when9.Theman____youtalkedjustnowisaworker.A.whoB.whomC.towhomD.towho10.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather’sneighbour.A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.which6-10CDCCA11.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalkingC.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking12.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhim C.youshowedD.whereyoushowed13.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who14.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which15.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whoseCCADA16.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all17.Theforeignguests,____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.A.mostofthemB.mostofthatC.mostofwhomD.mostofthose18.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as19.Iknowonlyalittleaboutthismatter;youmayask____knowsbetterthanI.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.theoneThisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.A.whereB./C.whenD.what16-CCAB21.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.onwhich22.Nearbyweretwocanoes____theyhadcometotheisland.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD./23.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim.A.that,whatB.what,thatC.which,whatD.that,which24.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?A.thatB.whichC.itsD.whose25.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.A.whomB.whoC.towhomD.formwhom21-25ABBDC26.Isthisschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where27.Isthistheschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?A.theoneB.whereC.inwhichD./28,Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass____homesareinthecountry?A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which 29.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.A.itB.whichC.thatD.he30.ThetrainwascrowdedandIhadtogetintoacarriage____alreadysevenotherpeople.A.whentherewereB.whichtherewereC.thattherewereD.wheretherewere26-30ADABD31.Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.inthat32.----Whatgameispopularwiththem?----The____mostistennis.A.gametheylikeitB.gametheylikeC.bestgametheylikeD.bestgametheylikeit33.Theystayedwithmethreeweeks,____theydrankallthewineIhad.A.whichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichtimeD.duringwhich34.Theroom____Mr.Whitelivesisnotverylarge.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when35.Don’tforgettheday____youwerereceivedintotheYouthLeague.A.whenB.thatC.atwhichD.where31-35BBDCA36.I’vefinishedwritingthenovel,____istobepublishednextmonth.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when37.Hereturnedhomesafeandsoundafterafiercebattle,____wasunexpected.A.whichB.asC.thatD.it38.____weisknowntoall,Englishisnotverydifficulttolearn.A.WhatB.AsC.ThatD.Which39.Theoldmanhadthreesons,allof____diedduringWorldWarⅡ.A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.who40.Ihaveboughttwopens,____writewell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.bothofwhichD.allofwhich36-40CABCC41.Doyouknowthereason____shehaschangedhermind?A.whyB.whichC.forthatD.ofwhich42.Hefailedintheexam,____provesthathewasn’tworkinghardenough.A.whichB.whatC.itD.that43.Duringtheweek____hetriedtocollectmaterialsforhisarticle.A.followingB.followedC.tofollowD.thatfollowed44.____wasexpected,hesucceededintheexam.A.ItB.WhichC.AsD.That 45.Hestudiedhardandlaterbecameawell-knownwriter,____hisfatherexpected.A.thatwaswhatB.whatwasthatC.andwhichwasD.whichwaswhat41-45AADCD46.Weshouldreadsuchbooks____willmakeusbetterandwiser.A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what47.Youmustshowmywifethesamerespect____youshowme.A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what48.Heisabsent____isoftenthecase.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.as49.Itisthefirsttime____Ihavecometoyourcity.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when50.Who____hasthesameideaasitwilldoitinthisway.A.whoB.thatC.whomD.which46-50BBDAB51.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears____Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,____hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who52.Thisistheonlybook____Icanfind.A.thatB.whichC.itD.withwhich53.Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich54.Thatisoneofthosebooksthat____worthreading.A.isB.areC.hasD.have55.Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentswhosehandwriting____thebest.A.isB.areC.hasD.have56.Therewas____topreventtheaccident.A.somethingcoulddoB.anythingwecoulddoC.nothingwecouldn’tdoD.nothingwecoulddo51-56BAABAD语法复习五：强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语一、强调句（一）强调句句型1、陈述句的强调句型：Itis/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（强调主语且主语指人可以用who,当然也可以使用that）+其它部分。强调句式只是把句子中某些词(被强调部分)改变位置,所以把强调结构(itis/was...that/who)去掉之后,句子一定是完整的 e.g.ItwasyesterdaythathemetLiPing.2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。这是重点e.g.WasityesterdaythathemetLiPing?3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？一定要注意,这是出题点,也是考点,掌握它的最好方法是多记几个这样的句子,最后一定会融会贯通的.e.g.Whenandwherewasitthatyouwereborn?认真研究下面的例句.体会一句话语法:强调句式只是把句子中某些词(被强调部分)改变位置,所以把强调结构(itis/was...that/who)去掉之后,句子一定是完整的4、强调句例句：针对ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.句子进行强调。强调主语：ItwasIthat(who)metLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.强调宾语：ItwasLiMingthatImetattherailwaystationyesterday.强调地点状语：ItwasattherailwaystationthatImetLiMingyesterday.强调时间状语：ItwasyesterdaythatImetLiMingattherailwaystation.5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that,who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that,who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用Itwas…，其余的时态用Itis…。（二）not…until…句型的强调句这也是出题点和考点,掌握的方法:多记几个这样的句子,最后一定会融会贯通的.1、句型为：Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其它部分e.g.普通句：Hedidn’tgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback.强调句：Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till,until可通用；因为句型中Itis/wasnot…已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。（三）谓语动词的强调1、Itis/was…that…结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does或did。e.g.Dositdown.务必请坐。Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.上周他确实给你写了信。Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！ 2、注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。二、It的用法（一）作人称代词1、it代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。e.g.Youcannoteatyourcakebuthaveit.（it代替前面的cake）Althoughwecannotseeit,thereisairallaroundus.（it代替后面的air）Theysayhehaslefttown,butIdon’tbelieveit.（it代替前面They…town分句中的情况）2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。e.g.Yesterdaywesawabigtree.Itwasfullytwentymetreshigh.（it代替前面的tree）Thebabycriedbecauseitwashungry.（it代替前面的baby）3、在某些习惯说法中，可以代替人。e.g.----Someoneisknockingatthedoor,Peter.----Whoisit?----It’sme.----Whoaresinging?----Itisthechildren.----Thelightisstilloninthelab.Itmustbethethird-yearstudentsdoingtheexperiment.4、it与one的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one则用于同名异物的场合。e.g.----Doyoustillhavethebicycle?----No,Ihavesoldit.----Isthisknifeyours?----No.ItisXiaoZhang’s.Mineistheoneonthedesk.5、it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但that指同一类，并非同一个。e.g.TheclimateofSouthChinaismild（温和的）;Ilikeitverymuch.（it指theclimateofSouthChina）TheclimateofSouthChinaismuchbetterthanthatofJapan.（that指theclimate）（二）作无人称代词it作无人称代词时，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情况等。Itisfine(rainy,windy,etc.).Itisnoon.Itisahalfhour’swalktothefactory.Itiseighteensquaremetresinarea.Whatdoesitmatter?（三）作强调词，构成强调结构 用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。“Itis(was)+所强调的成分+that(who)+其它成分。”在这个句型中，it本身没有词义。详见“一、强调句”。（四）引导词it作形式主语（宾语）为了使句子平衡，常采用形式主语（或宾语）it，而把真正的主语（或宾语）置于句子后面。通常引导词it与它所代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。e.g.Ittakeshalfanhourtogothereonfoot.（It与togothereonfoot之间夹有takeshalfanhour四个词）WethoughtitstrangethatMrSmithdidnotcomelastnight.（it与that从句中间夹有strange）但有时it与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。e.g.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.（因为介词on之后一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句。注意：it不是多余的，不能当作错句）补充:Ilikeithere.句中like是及物动词(什么是及物动词,就是可以直接加上宾语的动词),后面必须加一宾语,而here是副词,不能作宾语(大家想一想,前面我们说过什么可以做宾语来的.名词!)这时为了使句子语法正确,使用一个虚拟的宾语:it.上面说的是理论,掌握起来非常简单哟.把它背下来:Ilikeithere.1.Mybikeismissing.Ican’tfind____anywhere.A.oneB.onesC.itD.that2.----Who’sthat?----____ProfessorLi.A.That’sB.It’sC.He’sD.This’s3.____wasJanethatIsawinthelibrarythismorning.A.ItB.HeC.SheD.That4.----Haveyoueverseenawhalealive?----Yes,I’veseen____.A.thatB.itC.suchD.one5.Thecolorofmycoatisdifferentfrom____ofyours.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one6.____willdoyougoodtodosomeexerciseeverymorning.A.ItB.ThereC.ThoseD.You7.Wethink____ourdutytopaytaxestoourgovernment.A.thatB.thisC.itsD.it8.TheclimateofShanghaiisbetterthan____ofNanjing.A.thatB.itC.whichD.what9.____fouryearssinceIjoinedtheArmy.A.TherewasB.ThereisC.ItwasD.Itis10.Howlong____tofinishthework?A.you’lltakeB.you’lltakeitC.willittakeyouD.willtakeyou11.ItwasthroughXiaoLi____IgottoknowXiaoWang. A.whoB.whomC.howD.that12.Itwasinthericefields____wehadourleaguemeeting.A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.onwhich13.ItwasonOctober1st____newChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.asD.that14.Wasitbecausehewasill____heaskedforleave?A.andB.thatC.that’sD.so15.Maryspeaksinalowvoice;____isdifficulttoknowwhatsheissaying.A.itB.thatC.soD.she16.Itwas____ImetMr.GreeninShanghai.A.manyyearsthatB.manyyearsbeforeC.manyyearsagothatD.manyyearswhen17.____isnoteverybody____candrawsowell.A.It,allB.It,thatC.There,whoD.There,that18.So____thatnofishcanliveinit.A.shallowisthelakeB.thelakeisshallowC.shallowthelakeisD.isthelakeshallow1~5CBADB6~10ADADC11~15DBDBA16~18CBA三、省略为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：（一）简单句中的省略1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。e.g.(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.（括号内为省略的词语，下同）(I)seeyoutomorrow.(It)Doesn’tmatter.2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。e.g.(Thereis)Nosmoking.(Isthere)Anythingwrong?Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。e.g.----Areyougoingthere?----I’dliketo(gothere).Hedidnotgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto(givemethechance).注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，则须在to之后加上be或have。e.g.----Areyouanengineer?----No,butIwanttobe.----Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.----Well,heoughttohave.4、省略表语。e.g.----Areyouthirsty?----Yes,Iam(thirsty).5、同时省略几个成分。 e.g.Let’smeetatthesameplaceas(wemet)yesterday.----Haveyoufinishedyourwork?----(Ihave)Not(finishedmywork)yet.（二）并列句中的省略两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。e.g.Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool.（三）主从复合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略。e.g.(I’m)Sorrytohearthatyouareill.(Itisa)Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。e.g.----Ishecomingbacktonight?----Ithinkso.----Ishefeelingbettertoday?----I’mafraidnot.这种用法常见的有：Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso及Isupposenot.Ibelievednot.Ihopenot等。（但Idon’tthinkso比Ithinknot更常用）。（四）其它省略1、连词that的省略：①、宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况（参看“名词性从句”等有关部分）。②、在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略。③、引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词that一般不可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。2、不定式符号to的省略①、并列的不定式可省去后面的to。e.g.Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment.②、某些使役动词（如let,make,have）及感官动词（如see,watch,notice,hear,feel,lookat和listento等）后面作宾语补足的不定式一定要省去to，但在被动语态中须把to复原。e.g.----Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.----Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.③、介词but前若有动词do，后面的不定式不带to。e.g.Theboydidnothingbutplay.3、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可省去“主语+be”部分。（参看“状语从句”有关部分）4、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化（参见“倒装句”有关部分）5、主句与从句各有一些成分省略。 e.g.Thesooner(youdoit),thebetter(itwillbe).四、插入语英语句子中（尤其在口语中）常插入一些单词、短语或者句子，用来补充某些含义。语法上称他们为“插入语”。（一）插入语的类型：1、单词（多是副词），如：besides,however,otherwise,therefore,though等。e.g.Sheislookingfit,though.他看起来倒是健康。Ican,however,discussthiswhenIseeyou.2、短语e.g.ChinaandIndia,forexample,areneighbours.Bytheway,whereareyoufrom?3、句子e.g.Heisanhonestman,Ibelieve.Jack,asfarasIknow,isn’tclever.（二）插入语的位置通常插入语位于句中，并用逗号隔开。但有时，也可位于句首或句末（见上面例句）。也有时，并不用逗号隔开。e.g.YouknowthatIthinkyouarewrong.我认为，你明白你错了。Whatonearthdoyoumean?你究竟是什么意思？（三）插入语在句中的作用一般来说，插入语在句中不起主要作用。如果把插入语抽去，句子的含义不大受影响。但是，有的插入语却是句子不可缺少的一部分。e.g.Hegotthenewsfromnobodyknowswhere.他这消息谁也不知道是从哪儿得来的。（四）插入语的特殊用法下面这种复杂的特殊疑问句，也可认为包含有“插入语”。这种疑问句（有的语法书也称为“混合疑问句”或“连锁疑问句”）常用来征询对方对某一疑问点的看法、判断、认识、猜度或请求对方重复一遍说过的话。口语中出现频率极高。常用动词有say,suppose,guess,believe,consider,think,imagine等。e.g.Howlongdidyousayshewouldstayhere?Whendoyousupposethey’llbeback?Howolddidyouthinkshewas（五）大纲中要求掌握的常用作插入语的词语 bytheway顺便说，顺便问一下；sofar到目前为止；andsoon等等；onthecontrary相反；nowonder不足为奇；asamatteroffact事实上；comealong快点，来吧；inotherwords换句话说；asusual如同以往；asaresult因此，结果。下面的练习题要做熟!做熟之后,你就会发现上面的规则你已经记得差不多了.不要硬记规则,一是不记住,二是就是记住了,到时应用也成问题省略和插入语1.----Won’tyouhaveanothertry?----____.A.Yes,IwillB.Yes,Iwon’tC.Yes,IwillhaveD.Yes,Iwon’thave2.----Iwon’tdoitanymore.----____?A.Whydon’tB.Whydon’tdoitanymoreC.WhynotD.Whynotdo3.----Doyouthinkitwillsnowtomorrow?----____.A.No,Idon’tthinkB.Idon’tthinkC.No,Idon’tsoD.Idon’tthinkso4.----Willhefailintheexam?----____.A.Don’thopetoB.Let’shopenotC.NothopesoD.Let’shopenotto5.____usual,Ihaveforgottensomething.A.AsB.AsitisC.It’sD.Thatis6.____sheaman,shemightbeelectedpresident.A.IfB.UnlessC.WasD.Were7.____Ihadtime,Iwouldhaveplayeditagain.A.IfB.UnlessC.HadD.When8.____itraintomorrow,I’dstayathome.A.ShouldB.WouldC.WhenD.If9.Ilikesportsand____mybrother.A.soB.sodoesC.soisD.solikes10.Francis,____borninKentucky,livedandpractisedlawinMissouri.A.wasB.HewasC.whoisD.although11.----Aren’tyouthemanager?----No,andI____.A.don’twantB.don’twanttoC.don’twanttobeD.don’t12.----Haveyoufedthedog?----No,but____.A.IamB.I’mjustgoingtoC.I’mD.I’mjustgoing13.Yourperformanceinthedrivingtestdidn’treachtherequiredstandard（标准）—____,youfailed.A.intheendB.afterallC.inotherwordsD.atthesametime14.Howlong____shewouldstayhere?A.didshesayB.shesaidC.didD./15.____coulddosuchthing?A.WhomdoyouthinkB.Whodoyouthink C.DoyouthinkwhomD.Didyouthinkwho1-5ACDBA6-10DCABDCBCAB综合训练1.Johnwasill.Haveyouheardabout____?A.thisB.heC.itD.theone2.Hurryup!____gettingdarkeranddarker.A.TheskyisB.It’sC.WeatherisD.Timeis3.It’sthethirdtime____Ihavebeenhere.A.thatB.whenC.afterD.who4.Itwassimplyforthatreason____Iwouldn’ttellhimthetruth.A.whyB.whichC.soD.that5.Wasitintheplace____thelastemperordied?A.whereB.thatC.whichD.inwhich6.____isnodifferencebetweenAandB.A.ItB.WhereC.ThereD.What7.It____MikeandMarywhohelpedtheoldmanseveraldaysago.A.wasB.wereC.areD.hadbeen8.Hesaid,“____alongwaytoschool.____alongwaytogoyetbeforewearrive.”A.Itis,ItisB.Thereis,ThereisC.Thereis,ItisD.Itis,Thereis9.Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich10.IfyougotoXi’an,you’llfindthepalacestheremoremagnificentthancommonly____.A.supposingB.supposeC.tosupposeD.supposed11.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It12.Itwasabout600yearsago____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when13.Itwasnotuntil19___regularradiobroadcastbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since14.----Doyoumindmytakingthisseat?----____.A.Yes,sitdownpleaseB.No,ofcoursenotC.Yes,takeitpleaseD.No,youcan’ttakeit15.----I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?---Notatall.____.A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbehappyto 16.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto17.Itwasnotuntilshecametoseeus____hermotherwasillinbed.A.whenweknewB.thatdidweknewC.thatweknewD.thatdidweknow18.----Thisstorehassuchhighprices.----Iagree.Neveragain____here.A.IwillshopB.willIshopC.IdoshopD.shopI19.____washiskindnessthateveryonepraisedhim.A.ItB.WhatC.SoD.Such____,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.A.IfheweretostudyB.IfhestudiedhardC.HadhestudiedhardD.Shouldhestudyhard21.----Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.----____,and____.A.Sohehas,sohaveyouB.Sohehas,soyouhaveC.Sohashe,sohaveyouD.Sohashe,soyouhave22.Nosooner____theyrushedoutintothestreet.A.didtheyhearthenewsthanB.didtheyhearthenewswhenC.hadtheyheardthenewsthanD.hadtheyheardthenewswhen23.Hewasunabletomakesuchprogress,____.A.hardashetriedB.ashardhetriedC.hardhehastriedD.triedhardashe1-5CBADB6-10CADADDACBD16-CBDC21-23ACA语法复习六：状语从句由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。（一）时间状语从句表示时间的状语从句可由when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till(until),since,once,assoonas(或themoment),bythetime,nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely)…when,everytime等引导。e.g.WhenIcameintotheoffice,theteacherswerehavingameeting. Hestartedassoonashereceivedthenews.Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.NosoonerhadIgonetobedthanIwenttosleep.（二）原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because,since,as,nowthat（既然）等，for表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。e.g.Heisdisappointedbecausehedidn"tgettheposition.Asitisraining,Iwillnotgoout.Nowthatyoumentionit,Idoremember.（三）地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where和wherever等。e.g.Sitwhereveryoulike.Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.（四）目的状语从句引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so,sothat（从句谓语常有情态动词）,inorderthat,incase（以防，以免）等。e.g.Speakclearly,sothattheymayunderstandyou.ShehasboughtthebookinorderthatshecouldfollowtheTVlessons.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.（五）结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由sothat（从句谓语一般没有情态动词）,so…that,such…that等引导。e.g.Shewasill,sothatshedidn’tattendthemeeting.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotsayaword.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneadmiresher.（六）条件状语从句条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if,unless,so(as)longas,onconditionthat,so(as)faras,ifonly(=if)。注意：条件从句中的if不能用whether替换。e.g.Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch. Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean.SofarasIknow（据我所知）,hewillbeawayforthreemonths.Youcangoswimmingonconditionthat(=if)youdon’tgotoofarawayfromtheriverbank.Ifhehadcomeafewminutesearlier,hecouldhaveseenher.（七）让步状语从句让步状语从句可由although,though,as,evenif(though),however,whatever,whether…or,nomatterwho(when,what,…)等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。e.g.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.Childasheis,heknowsalot.Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,I’llneverchangemymind.（八）方式状语从句方式状语从句常由as,asif(though),theway,ratherthan等引导。e.g.YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.（九）比较状语从句比较状语从句常用than,so(as)…as,themore…themore等引导。e.g.Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.Hesmokescigarettesasexpensiveashecanafford.Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.（十）使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。e.g.We’llgooutingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.I’llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。e.g.When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnight.If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.If(itis)necessaryI’llexplaintoyouagain.3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。 e.g.Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.（地点状语从句）Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）Idon’tknowwherehecamefrom.（宾语从句）Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.（主语从句）Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.（表语从句）练习、状语从句一、用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句：1.Childassheis,sheknowsalotofthings.2.ThemoreIcandofortheclass,thehappierI’llbe.3.Hetalksasif(asthough)heknewallaboutit.4.Heissuchagoodteacherthatthestudentsloveandrespecthim.5.Ishallgototheparkunlessitrains.6.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.7.Wherethereiswater,thereislife.8.Hestudiedhardsothathecouldcatchupwithhisclassmates.9.Sinceyouareverybusy,Iwon"ttroubleyou.10.Evenif(though)Ifail.I’llneverloseheart.11.Onceyoubeginthework,youmustcontinue.12.Iwillfindherwherevershemaybe.13.Nowthatyou"vecome,you"dbetterhavedinnerwithus.14.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn"tfallasleep.15.Wemustdoeverythingashetellsus.16.IndiaismuchbiggerthanJapan.17.Nomatterwhenyoucome,youarewarmlywelcome.18.As(So)longasyouworkhard,youcancatchupwiththeotherclassmates.1.Childassheis,sheknowsalotofthings.让步2.ThemoreIcandofortheclass,thehappierI’llbe.比较3.Hetalksasif(asthough)heknewallaboutit.方式4.Heissuchagoodteacherthatthestudentsloveandrespecthim.结果5.Ishallgototheparkunlessitrains.条件6.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.时间7.Wherethereiswater,thereislife.地点8.Hestudiedhardsothathecouldcatchupwithhisclassmates.目的9.Sinceyouareverybusy,Iwon"ttroubleyou.原因10.Evenif(though)Ifail,I’llneverloseheart.让步 11.Onceyoubeginthework,youmustcontinue.时间12.Iwillfindherwherevershemaybe.让步13.Nowthatyou"vecome,you"dbetterhavedinnerwithus.原因14.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn"tfallasleep.结果15.Wemustdoeverythingashetellsus.方式16.IndiaismuchbiggerthanJapan.比较17.Nomatterwhenyoucome,youarewarmlywelcome.让步18.As(So)longasyouworkhard,youcancatchupwiththeotherclassmates.条件二、用适当的连词填空：1.Dr.Bethune(白求恩)cametoChina__________hewasfifty.2.Hebegantowork__________hegotthere.3.Let"sbeginourmeeting__________everyoneishere.4.IliketheEnglishpeople,__________Idon"tliketheirfood.5.__________yougoinChina,youcanseesmilingfaces.6.Hedidn"tcometothelecture,__________hewasverybusy.7.__________wehadenoughtime,wewalkedtothecinema.8.Theywillhelpyou__________youmeetwithdifficulty.9._________wecametotheuniversity,wehavelearntquitealot.10.Ididn"tjointhemyesterdayevening__________Ihadtogotoanimportantmeeting.11.Wewouldtrytogetacar__________wecouldalltraveltogethermoreeasily.12.Shewouldn"tforgethermother"sbirthday__________sheseldomwrotetoherfamily.13.We"redoingeverythingwecantomakethingsaseasyforyou___________wecan.14.Themeetingbecamesodisorderly__________thespeakerhadtoshouttheaudiencedown.15.Hewasangrier__________everbefore.16.__________youlockallthedoors,hecanstillmanagetogetin.17.Theboywassotired__________hefellasleeponthebus.18.Hard_________hetried,hecouldn’tforcethedooropen.1.when;2.assoonas;3.as;4.though;5.Wherever;6.because;7.Since;8.whenever;9.Since;10.because;11.sothat;12.though;13.as;14.that;15.than;16.Evenif;17.that;18.as三、选择填空：1.I’llletyouknow____hecomesback.A.beforeB.becauseC.assoonasD.although2.Shewillsingasong____sheisasked.A.ifB.unlessC.forD.since 3.Wewillwork____weareneeded.A.wheneverB.becauseC.sinceD.wherever4.Readitaloud_____theclasscanhearyou.A.sothatB.ifC.whenD.although5._____yougo,don"tforgetyourpeople.A.WheneverB.HoweverC.WhereverD.Whichever6.Itisabouttenyears_____Imetyoulast.A.sinceB.forC.whenD.as7.Theywillneversucceed,_____hardtheytry.A.becauseB.howeverC.whenD.since8._____stillhalfdrunk,hemadehiswayhome.A.WhenB.BecauseC.ThoughD.As9._____shewasverytired,shewentonworking.A.AsB.AlthoughC.EvenD.Inspiteof10.Busy_____hewas,hetriedhisbesttohelpyou.A.asB.whenC.sinceD.for11.IlearnedalittleRussian_____Iwasatmiddleschool.A.thoughB.althoughC.asifD.when12._____wegottothestation,thetrainhadleftalready.A.IfB.UnlessC.SinceD.When13._____therainstops,we"11setoffforthestation.A.BeforeB.UnlessC.AssoonasD.Though14.Shewas_____tired_____shecouldnotmoveaninch.A.so,thatB.such,thatC.very,thatD.so,as15.Wedidn’tgohome_____wefinishedthework.A.sinceB.untilC.becauseD.though16.I"llstayhere_____everyoneelsecomesback.A.evenifB.asthoughC.becauseD.until17.Althoughit"sraining,_____arestillworkinginthefield.A.theyB.buttheyC.andtheyD.sothey18.Speaktohimslowly_____hemayunderstandyoubetter.A.sinceB.sothatC.forD.because19.You"llmissthetrain______youhurryup.A.unlessB.asC.ifD.untilWhenyoureadthebook,you"dbettermakeamark_____youhaveanyquestions.A.atwhichB.atwhereC.theplaceD.where21.We"dbetterhurry______itisgettingdark.A.andB.butC.asD.unless 22.Ididn"tmanagetodoit_____youhadexplainedhow.A.untilB.unlessC.whenD.before23._____hecomes,wewon"tbeabletogo.A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even24.Ihurried_____Iwouldn"tbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless25._____Icatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.A.EverytimeB.ThoughC.EvenD.Where26.What"sthematter_____theystillhaven"tansweredthetelegram?A.whenB.thatC.thoughD.however27.Bringitnearer_____Imayseeitbetter.A.althoughB.eventhoughC.sothatD.since28.YoumayarriveinBeijingearly_____youmindtakingthenighttrain.A.thatB.thoughC.unlessD.if29.Helenlistenedcarefully_____shemightdiscoverexactlywhatsheneeded.A.inthatB.inorderthatC.incaseD.eventhough30.Morepeoplewilleatoutinrestaurants_____theydotoday.A.thanB.whenC.whileD.as31._____hardshetries,shecanhardlyavoidmakingmistakesinherhomework.A.MuchB.HoweverC.AsD.Although32.Poor_____itmaybe,thereisnoplacelikehome,_____youmaygo.A.as;whereverB.though;wheneverC.inspiteof;whenD.that;wherever33.Thechildwas__immediatelyaftersupper.A.enoughtiredtogotobedB.tootiredtogotobedC.sotiredthathewenttobedD.verytired,hewenttobed34.Thehistoryofnursing__thehistoryofman.A.asoldasB.isoldthanC.thatisasoldasD.isasoldas35._____borninChicago,theauthorwasfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork.A.SinceB.OnceC.WhenD.Although36._____westoodatthetopofthebuilding,thepeoplebelowwerehardlyvisible.A.AsB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.Inspiteof37.ScarcelywasGeorgeWashingtoninhisteens_____hisfatherdied.A.thanB.asC.whileD.when38._____Davidgoes,heiswelcome.A.WhicheverB.HoweverC.WhereverD.Whatever39.Thehousestood_____therehadbeenarock.A.whichB.atwhichC.whenD.where40.Small_____itis,thepenisamostusefultool. A.becauseB.soC.ifD.as41.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced_____tractorsin1988astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwiceC.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyas42.Thepianointheothershopwillbe_____,but_____.A.cheaper;notasbetterB.morecheap;notasbetterC.cheaper;notasgoodD.morecheap;notasgood43.Johnplaysfootball_____,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas44.Althoughheisconsideredagreatwriter,A.hisworksarenotwidelyreadB.buthisworksarenotwidelyreadC.howeverhisworksarenotwidelyreadD.stillhisworksarenotwidelyread45.___thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As46.—Whatwasthepartylike?—Wonderful.It"syears_____Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.since47.Itwasnot_____shetookoffherdarkglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then48.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_____greatitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever49.Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup_____therehadoncebeenatheatre.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when50._____,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateC.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis51.Hewillcometocallonyouthemomenthe____hispainting.A.willfinishB.finishedC.hasfinishedD.hadfinished52.____difficultthetaskmaybe,wewilltryourbesttocompleteitintime.A.NomatterB.NowonderC.ThoughD.However53.Itwas____thatshecouldn’tfinishitbyherself.A.sodifficultaworkB.suchadifficultworkC.sodifficultworkD.suchdifficultwork1-5CADAC6-10ABCBADDCAB16-ABAD21-25CABBA26-30BCCBD31-35BACDD36-40ADCDD41-45CCBAD46-50DBCBD51-53CDD 语法复习七：倒装句英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。强调性倒装和以so,neither,nor开头的句子是高考例题的热点。（一）倒装句的意义1、适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。e.g.MayIcomein?WasthePeople’sLiberationArmyfoundedin1927?2、为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。e.g.NeverhaveIbeenlateforschoolthisterm.Soearlydidhecometoschoolthatnootherstudentscame.（二）倒装的使用情况1、在“therebe”结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。e.g.Thereisaboxonthetable.2、在疑问句中。e.g.Isshesingingintheclassroom?Whatdoesyourmotherdo?3、在here,there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）e.g.Theregoesthebell.Hereisanappleforyou.Thereshecomes.4、重复倒装句型，用在以so,nor,neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”、“也这样”；nor,neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。e.g.IamwatchingTV.Soisshe.Myparentsdidn’twatchTVlastnight.Neither(Nor)didI.5、直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。（完全倒装）e.g.“Verywell,”saidtheFrenchstudent.“Bringmetwoeggsandacupoftea,please.”saidhe.6、在以never,little,hardly,notonly,few,not,seldom等否定副词开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。e.g.Littledidhesayatthemeeting.NevershallIforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheArmy.比较：IshallneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheArmy. 7、用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。(注意当修饰主语时不倒装)e.g.Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。e.g.OnlyWangLiliknowsthis.8、为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如up,down,out,away,in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。（完全倒装）e.g.Awayhurriedtheboy.Outrushedthegirl.9、在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were,had和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。e.g.HadItime(=IfIhadtime),Iwouldgoandhelpyou.WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),Iwouldgoabroad.Shouldhecome(=Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.10、as引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/副词/名词/动词+as+主语+谓语）。e.g.Proudastheyare,theyareafraidtoseeme.Childasheis,heseemstoknoweverything.（child前不加冠词）Hardasheworded,hemadelittleprogress.11、用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。e.g.Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!12、So+形容词、副词及such置于句首时要倒装。Sohappydidhefeel.Suchwasme.练习：1.NotuntilIbegantowork____howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn’tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn’trealizeD.Irealized2.Onlybypractisingafewhourseveryday____beabletomasterthelanguage.A.youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyou3.Ifyoudon’tgo,neither____.A.shallIB.doIC.IdoD.Ishall4.Nosooner____tothestation____thetrainleft.A.hadIgot,whenB.Ihadgot,thanC.hadIgot,thanD.didIget,when5.----Yourfatherisverystrictwithyou.----____.HeneverletsoffasinglemistakeofoursA.SoheisB.SoisheC.HeissoD.Sodoeshe 6.____today,hewouldgettherebySunday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave7.Neverinmylife____suchathing.A.IhaveheardorhaveseenB.haveIheardorseenC.IhaveheardorseenD.didIhearorsee8.----Here____!WhereisXiaoLiu?----There____.A.comesthebus,isheB.comesthebus,heisC.thebuscomes,isheD.thebuscomes,heis9.____,Iwillnotbuyit.A.MuchasdoIlikeitB.AsmuchIlikeitC.MuchasIlikeitD.AsIlikeitmuch10.----Ilikefootball.Idon’tlikevolleyball.----____.A.SodoIB.NeitherdoIC.SoitiswithmeD.Soisitwithme11._____theexpense,I_____toItaly.A.Ifitwerenot,goB.Wereitnotfor,wouldgoC.Weren"titfor,willgoD.Ifithadn’tbeen,wouldhavegone12.So_____inthedarknessthathedidn"tdaretomoveaninch.A.hewasfrightenedB.washefrightenedC.frightenedhewasD.frightenedwashe13.—Inmodemtimes,girlslikebeautifulclothes.—Yes,_____andboys.Afterall,ourlifehasgreatlyimproved.A.sodothey;sodoyouB.sotheydo;soyoudoC.sodothey;soyoudoD.sotheydo;sodoyou14.—YouhaveanEnglishclasseverydayexceptSunday.---_____.A.SowehaveB.SowedoC.SohaveweD.Sodowe15.1wonderifyourwifewillgototheball.Ifyourwife_____,so_____mine.A.does;willB.will;doesC.will;wouldD.does;do16.OnlyafterIreadthetextoveragain_____itsmainidea.A.thatIknewB.didIknewC.1couldknowD.Ididknow17.—YouseemtohavelearnedalltheEnglishwordsbyheart.A.SoIdoB.SodolC.SoIhaveD.Sohave118.—IseldomwatchTV,butlistentotheradioalot.A.SodoIB.NeitherdoIC.ImthesameD.Soitiswithme19.Soexcited_____thathecouldn"tsayaword.A.heseemedB.didheseemC.washeseemingD.hedidlookJimmywassonervousnotasingleword_____downinthedictation.A.hewroteB.hewaswrittenC.didhewriteD.washewritten21.Little______when1tookthetripwhereitwouldleadme. A.haveIknownB.hadIknownC.do1knowD.didIknow22.—Haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore?—____.A.No,IneverhaveseenanythinglikethatbeforeB.No,neverIhaveseenanythinglikethatbeforeC.No,neverhave1seenanythinglikethatbeforeD.No,Ihaveseenanythinglikethatbeforenever23._____,1wouldaccepttheinvitationandgototheparty.A.WereIyouB.WasIyouC.HadIbeenyouD.Would1beyou24.Youshouldworkless_____.A.andneithershouldIB.andsoshouldIC.andnorshouldID.andsoIshould25._____andcaughtthemouse.A.UpthecatjumpedB.ThecatupjumpedC.UpjumpedthecatD.Jumpedupthecat26.Notonly_____apromise,butalsohekeptit.A.didhemakeB.hemadeC.doeshemakeD.hashemade27.Hisuncleisaworkerandhasbeenworkinginthefactoryformorethantenyears._____.A.SoishisauntB.SohashisauntC.SohisauntdoesD.Soitiswithhisaunt28.Notonce_____theirplan.A.didtheychangeB.theychangedC.changedtheyD.theydidchange29.—DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother?—Idon"tknow,and______.A.nordon"tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon"tcareneitherD.Idon"tcarealso30.Notuntilhearrivedhome_____hefindthatthiswallethadbeenstolen.A.didB.wouldC.whenD.that31.—Thisisoneoftheoldesttreesintheworld.—_____suchabigtree.A.NeverIhaveseenB.Ihaven"tneverseenC.NeverhaveIseenD.Ihaveseennever32.Nowhereelseintheworld_____cheapertailoring（裁缝业,成衣业）thaninHongKong.A.atouristcanfindB.canatouristfindC.atouristwillfindD.atouristhasfound33._____succeedindoinganything.A.OnlybyworkinghardwecanB.ByonlyworkinghardwecanC.OnlywecanbyworkinghardD.Onlybyworkinghardcanwe34._____thatweallwentout,lyinginthesun.A.SofinewastheweatherB.Sowasthefineweather C.TheweatherwassofinewasD.Sotheweatherwastine35.____aniceman____thatweallbelievehim.A.So;didheseemB.So;heseemedC.Such;heseemedD.Such;didheseem36.—Youseemtobeanactor.—_____.Ihaveplayedmanypartsinalotoffilms.A.SodoIB.SoamIC.SoIdoD.SoIam37.Notonly____workinghard,butalso____verypolite.A.theboyis;heisB.istheboy;heisC.theboyis;isheD.istheboy;ishe38._____,heneverseemsabletodotheworkbeautifully.A.TryashedoesB.AshetriesC.TryasdoesheD.Astryhedoes39.—Icannotseethepicturewellfromhere.—_____.A.NeithercantIB.NeitherIcanC.Ican"tneitherD.NeithercanI40.—Yououghttohavegiventhemsomeadvice—_____,butwhocaredwhatIasked?A.SooughtyouB.So1oughtC.SoitwasD.SoIdid41.Socarelessly_____thathealmostkilledhimself.A.hedrivesB.doeshedriveC.didhedriveD.hedrove42.Little_____abouthisownhealththoughhewasveryill.A.hecaredB.didhecareC.hecaresD.doeshecare43.Well____knowhimandwell____knowme.A.Idid;hedidB.didI;hedidC.didI;didheD.Idid;didhe44.Nosooner____theyrushedoutintothestreet.A.didtheyhearthenewsthanB.didtheyhearthenewswhenC.hadtheyheardthenewsthanD.hadtheyheardthenewswhen45.Littlewonder_____uptheirhandsindismay.A.havesomethrownB.somehavethrownC.thrownsomehaveD.havethrownsome46._____,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.A.IfheweretostudyB.IfhestudiedhardC.HadhestudiedhardD.Shouldhestudyhard47.Wewereluckyenough,fornosooner_____home_____itrained.A.wereturned;andB.wehadreturned;whenC.didwereturn;whenD.hadwereturned;than48.Solittle_____agreeontheplanthattheycouldnotsettletheirdifference.A.didtheyB.dotheyC.theydidD.theydidnot49._____herealizeditwastoolatetoreturnhome.A.NosooneritgrewdarkthanB.Hardlydiditgrowdarkwhen C.ItwasnotuntildarkthatD.Itwasuntildarkthat1-5BDACA6-10CBBCCBDDBA16-ADBC21-25DCABC26-30ADABA31-35CBDAD36-40DBADD41-45CBCCB46-49CDAC语法复习八：动词时态和语态（1）一句话语法:时态题关键是确定时间点,时间点是通过语境来确定.动词时态与语态（1）1.WhenIsawMary,she______onthepiano.A.isplayingB.playsC.wasplayingD.played2.She______thedoorbeforeshegoesaway.A.hadlockedB.islockingC.haslocked.D.waslocking.3.Ahunterisamanwho______animals.A.catchB.catchesC.willcatchD.wascatching4.What_____ifIdrinkthis?A.happensB.ishappeningC.willhappenD.ishappened5.IwillvisityouifFather______me.A.letB.letsC.islettingD.willlet6.Lookout!Thattree_____falldown.A.isgoingtoB.willbeC.shallD.would7.Myuncle_____toseeme.He"llbeheresoon.A.comesB.iscomingC.hadcomeD.came8.Theycan"tleaveuntilthey_____theirwork.A.didB.aredoingC.havedoneD.hasdone9."Hasheseenthisfilm?""Yes.He______itseveraldaysago."A.sawB.hasseenC.hadseenD.wasseeing10.NowMikeisn"there.He______Mr.Green"s.Perhapshe______backinafewminutes.A.wentto;iscomingB.hasgoneto;willcomeC.hasbeento;willbeD.isgoingto;hascome11.Thatdayhe._______hisclothesbeforehecametoseeme.A.haswashedB.washedC.hadbeenwashingD.waswashed12.Ihaven"tfinishedmycomposition.I______fortwohoursandahalf.A.havewrittenitB.havebeenwritingitC.wroteitD.amwritingit13.IwilltakemydaughterwithmewhenI_____Shanghai,A.gotoB.willgotoC.havebeentoD.havegoneto14.Thisbrightgirl______thetruthinfrontoftheenemy.A.didn"tsayB.couldn"tspeaktoC.saidD.didn"ttell 15.Thebridgewhich______lastyearlooksreallybeautiful.A.wasbuiltB.builtC.wassetupD.hadbeenbuilt16."When______schoolbegin?""NextMonday."A.hasB.doesC.didD.isgoingto17.Iwill______heretillyougivemesomemoney.A.leaveB.notleaveC.comeD.return18.I_____heresinceImovedhere.A.willworkB.workedC.workD.havebeenworking19.EverytimeI_____there,Iwillbuyhimsomethingnice.A.wentB.willgoC.goD.havegoneItwassaidthathisfather______.A.hasdiedB.died.C.hasbeendeadD.haddied21.Wewon"tgounlessyou______soon.A.hadcomeB.cameC.willcomeD.come22._____sixyearssinceIbeganstudyingEnglish.A.TheyhavebeenB.itisC.ItwasD.Thereare23.They______theSummerPalacethreetimes.A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.havebeeninD.havegoneinto24."Howlonghaven"tweseeneachother?""Well,it_____nearlytwoyearssincewe______last."A.is/havemetB.was/hadmetC.is/metD.hasbeen/hadmet25."Haveyouseentheartexhibition?""No,_____there."A.itwasnotbeingheldB.theydidn"tholdC.ithadnotheldD.theywereholdingit26.Don"tgetoffthebusuntilit______.A.stopB.willstopC.stoppedD.hasstopped27."Where______therecorder?Ican"tseeitanywhere.""I_____itrighthere.Butnowit"sgone."A.didyouput/haveputB.haveyouput/putC.hadyouput/wasputtingD.wereyouputting/haveput28.Theyaskedmetohaveadrinkwiththem.Isaidthatitwas10yearssinceI______agooddrink.A.hadenjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.enjoyedD.hadbeenenjoying29.Don"tcometonight.Iwouldratheryou_____tomorrow.A.comeB.cameC.willcomeD.coming30.______you______?A.Do/marryB.Have/marriedC.Have/beenmarriedD.Are/married31.Whenhe______allthenewspapers,he"llgohome. A.sellsB.hassoldC.willhavesoldD.willbesold32."Thiscloth_____welland_____long.""Ok.I"lltakeit."A.washes/lastsB.iswashed/lastedC.washes/islastedD.iswashing/lasting33."Hurryup,you______onthephone.""Oh,I"mcoming.Thankyou."A.arewantedB.arebeingwantedC.wantD.arewanting34.I______seeyou,butIdidn"t,forIhadnotime.A.hadwantedtoB.haswantedtoC.wantedD.waswanted35.I______inGuangzhouforsixyearsbythisOctober.A.havelivedB.waslivingC.willbelivingD.shallhavelived36.Bythistimenextyearhe______fromthecollege.A.willbegraduatingB.shouldbegraduatingC.willhavegraduatedD.isgraduating37.Ourteachertoldusthattheearth_____fromwesttoeast.A.turnsB.turnC.hasturnedD.hadturned38.Mybrother_____whilehe_____hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell/wasridingB.fell/wereridingC.hadfallen/rodeD.hadfallen/wasriding39.Billsaidhe____twenty-onethenextyear.A.wasgoingtobeB.wasabouttobeC.couldbeD.wastobe40.Itishightimeyou_____inbednow.A.areB.wereC.willbeD.wouldbe41.Afterawhileanagreement_____.A.wasarrivedatB.wasarrivedinC.wasarrivedD.hasbeenarrived42.TheairlinerfromBeijing_____at3:00p.m.A.isabouttoarriveB.hasarrivedC.arrivesD.isgoingtoarrive43.______,thatstepisnotsafe!A.LookaroundB.LookupC.LookoutD.Lookdown44."Haveyou_____himtogiveupsmoking?""No.I_____,buthewouldn"tlisten."A.persuaded/triedB.tried/persuadedC.tried/triedD.persuaded/persuaded45.Theresearchlaboratoryisgoingto______thenewtypeofcomputertouse.A.takeB.makeC.putD.send46.Idon"tknowwhenhe______,butwhenhe______,I"llletyouknow.A.willcome/comesB.comes/willcomeC.comes/comesD.willcome/willcome47.Howmuchdoyouthinkthatvase_____? A.iscostB.usedC.waspaidforD.cost48.I_____thathewouldbeabletoleavetomorrow,butit"sbeginningtolookdifficult.A.hopeB.hadhopedC.hopedD.amhoping49.“Comeon,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.”“Oh,howniceofyou,I_____you_____tobringmeagift.”A.neverthink/aregoingB.neverthought/weregoingC.didn’tthink/aregoingD.hadn’tthought/weregoing50.It’saniceflat,butit_____aproperbathroom.A.haven’tgotB.hasn’tgotC.wouldn’tgetD.doesn’thavegot51.Shehadashockwhensheheardthenews,_____?A.hadn’tsheB.didn’tsheC.wouldn’tsheD.won’tshe52.Thisliquid_____thesaltatroomtemperature.A.becamemixedwithB.wasmixedbyC.mixeswithD.hasbeenmixingby1-5CCBCB6-10ABCABCBADA16-BDCD21-25DBBCA26-30DBABD31-35BAAAD36-40CAAAB41-45ACCAC46-50ADBBB51-52BC语法复习八：动词时态和语态（2）一句话语法:时态题关键是确定时间点,时间点是通过语境来确定.动词时态和语态（2）一、时态的呼应：在复合句，从句（主要是宾语从句）中的时态，常受主句谓语动词的影响，这就叫做时态的呼应，时态的呼应一般有如下的情况。1、如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，其从句中的谓语动词应该用什么时态就用什么时态，如：SheknowsyouhavebeeninBeijingforfiverears.2、如果主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就要用过去时态，但要注意到下列情况：（1）如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句中须用一般过去时或过去进行时，如：Shesaidshewasbusythen.(2)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句中须用过去完成时，如：Ididn’tknowthatshehadbeentoLondontwice.(3)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后，从句须用过去将来时，如：Theydidn’tknowwhentheywouldhavearest.(4)如果从句中说明的是一种普遍真理现象，虽然主句的谓语动词为过去时态从句中仍要用一般现在时，如：WhenIwasalittlechild,myfathertoldmethattheearthisround. (5)如果从句中有表示具体过去时间的状语，虽然其谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句仍用一般过去时，但如果该状语表示的时间不具体，则从句仍要用过去完成时，如：Tomesaidhewasbornin1975.二、被动语态：英语动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，在被动语态的句子中，动作的执行者，一般由介词by引起的短语来表示，如:Weoftenhelpthem.(主动)我们常帮助他们。Theyareoftenhelpedbyus.(被动)他们常被我们帮助。1、被动语态各时态的形式是由助动词be的各时态的形式加及物动词的过去分词构成。2、被动语态八种时态的用法例句:被动语态常用的八种时态的基本用法和主动语态各时态的基本用法相同，只是句中的主语不是动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者，如:(1)一般现在时：NowEnglishistaughtinallmiddleschoolsinourcountry.(2)一般过去时：TheGreathallofthePeoplewasbuiltin1959.(3)一般将来时:Whenwilltheworkbefinished?(4)过去将来时：Hetoldusthattheworkwouldbefinishedthenextday.(5)现在进行时：Yourtractorisbeingrepairednow.(6)过去进行时：Thechildwasbeingexaminedbythedoctorwhentheycamein.(7)现在完成时：Theworkhasn’tbeenfinishedyet.(8)过去完成:Thenewplanhadbeencarriedoutbeforethesecondexperimentbegan.3、在下列情况下，一般使用被动语态：（1）当不知道动作执行者是谁或没有必要提到动作执行者时，如：PaperwasfirstmadeinChina.（2）当强调或突出动作承受者的作用时，如：Thenewmachinewasinventedbyaear-oldyoungworker.4、由主动语态转换为被动语态的几种句型：（1）将一个句子由主动语态转换为被动语态时，可按下列步骤进行：①先将主动结构的宾语改为被动结构的主语；②再将主动语态动词改为被动语态动词；③最后在被动语态之后加介词by，并将主动结构的主语放在by之后（经常被省略），构成介词短语； ④由主动语态动词改为被动语态动词时，要注意被动语态动词中助动词be的各种形式变化，因为被动语态动词的不同人称和数是由助动词be不同的形式来表示的，如：Treesareplantedeveryspring.（２）如果主动语态动词后又有直接宾语，又有间接宾语，一般是将间接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将直接宾语保留在原处。如将直接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将间接宾语保留在原处时，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或for，如：Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.→Ｉwastoldaninterestingstorylastnight./Aninterestingstorywastoldtomelastnight.（３）主动语态中的宾语加带有宾语补足语时，改为被动语态时，就将宾语改为主语，将宾补保留在原处，而成为被动语态句中主语的补足语了。宾补可以有下列几种情况：①宾补为动词不定式，如：Theyaskedhertosingasong.→Shewasaskedtosingasong.在动词make,see,hear,watch,notice等之后，不定式的to在主动语态里可要省略，而被动语态里不能省，如：Tomwasseentocomeoutofthelab.②宾补为分词，如：Theyheardthemsingingatthetime.→Theywereheardsingingatthattime.③宾补为形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，如：Shekeptmebusyallthemorning.→Iwaskeptbusyallthemorning.（４）如果主动语态中的谓语动词为短语动词，改为被动语态时，要注意不要遗漏短语中的介词或副词，以保持短语动词的完整性，如：Shealwaystakesgoodcareofthechildren.→Thechildrenarealwaystakengoodcareof.（５）含有情态动词的动词改为被动语态时是将情态动词后面的动词原形改为被动语态，因其前有情态动词，所以构成被动语态的助动词be就要使用原形，如：TheymustfinishtheworkbeforeFriday.→TheworkmustbefinishedbeforeFriday.（６）begoingto,beto,usedto,haveto和hadbetter等结构，其作用相当于情态动词或助动词，在改为被动语态时，只需将后面的动词原形改为被动语态即可，如：Thearenotgoingtoputoffthefootballmatch.→Thefootballmatchisnotgoingtobeputoff.被动语态的结构是:be+v-ed;完成被动形式是什么呢,对,就是完成+被动have/has/had+v-ed是完成;被动是:be+v-ed;两者组合在一起:have/has/hadbeen+v-ed;其它时态的被动形式,以此类推.练习：动词时态与语态（2）53.Anexhibitionofpaintings____atthemuseumnextweek. A.aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholdingD.willhold54.I"msorry,sir.Yourrecorderisn"treadyyet.It_____inthefactory.A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairedC.hasbeenrepairedD.hasn"trepaired55.Everypossiblemeans,butnoneprovesuccessful.A.hastriedB.hasbeentriedC.isbeingtriedD.tried56._______thattheycanpassthewrittenexamthistime.A.ThatishopedB.ItishopedC.ThathopesD.Ithopes57.Mylittlesisterhasbrokenmywatch.----Mywatch_____bymylittlesister.A.isbrokenB.hasbrokenC.havebeenbrokenD.hasbeenbroken58.HewascleaninghisroomwhenIenteredthehouse.----Hisroom_____byhimwhenIenteredtheroom.A.wasbeingcleanedB.wascleanedC.wasbeingcleaningD.hasbeencleaned59.IshallhaveFinishedreadingthenovelbydinnertime.----Thisnovel_____reading(byme)bydinnertime.A.willhavefinished.B.willhasbeenfinishedC.willhavebeingfinishedD.willhavebeenfinished60.Yououghttokeepthesethreeroomsclean.----Thesethreerooms______(byyou).A.areoughtedtokeepcleanB.oughttokeptcleanC.oughttobekeptcleanD.oughttohavebeenkeptclean61.Youareabouttowriteapoem,aren"tyou?----Apoem_____(byyou),_____?A.isabouttobewritten,aren"tyouB.isabouttobewriting,isn’titC.isabouttobewriting,aren"tyouD.isabouttobewritten,isn’tit62.Shehadbetterleaveanotetohim.----Anote_____tohim(byher).A.hadbetterleftB.hadbebetterleftC.hadbetterbeleftD.hadbetterbeenleft63.Hedoesn"tdohishomeworkeveryday.----Hishomework______byhimeveryday.A.doesn"tbedoneB.aren"tdoneC.don"tbedoneD.isn’tdone64.Wemusttakecareofourparentswhentheyareold.----Ourparents______whentheyareold.A.mustbetakencareB.mustbetookcarsC.musttakecareofD.mustbetakencareof65.Peoplelookdownuponhimbecauseheisaliar.----He_____becauseheisaliar. A.islookeddownB.islookeddownuponC.looksdownuponD.looksdown66.Fatherwillgivemeadictionaryonmybirthday.----Adictionary______mebyFatheronmybirthday.A.shallbegiventoB.willgiveC.shallgivetoD.willbegivingto67.Weelectedherleader.----Shebyus.A.iselectedleaderB.wasleaderelectedC.waselectedleaderD.leaderwaselected68.----Peoplewholivealongthisroadreceivetheirmailintheseboxes.----Whyareallofthe______?A.greypaintedmailboxesB.mailboxesgreypaintedC.mailboxespaintedgreyD.paintedgreymailboxes69.Isawhimentertheroom.----He______theroom.A.isseenenterB.isseentoenterC.wasseentoenterD.wasseenenter70.Thequestionaskedbyhimishard_____.A.toanswerB.tobeansweredC.tobeansweringD.foranswer71.Howsweetthemusic______!A.soundstobeB.issoundedC.issoundedtobeD.sounds72.Inwarmweatherfruitandmeat______long.A.don"tkeepB.cannotbekeptC.arenotkeptD.arenotkeeping73.Hereceivedatelegram___"MotherSick."A.writtenB.saidC.readingD.writing74.Theclassroom______30feetlong.A.measuresB.ismeasuredC.hasD.haslength75.Doyouremember______?A.howitisdoneB.ithowtobedoneC.HowisitdonebyD.howtodo76.__________tohavebeenrich.A.TheysayB.ItissaidC.HeissaidD.Thatwassaid77.Mathematicsisdifficult______.A.tolearnB.forlearningC.tobelearnedD.oflearning78.MyhairissolongthatImustgotoabarber"sshopand______.A.havetocutitB.haveitcutC.getittobecutD.tocutit79.Thepencil______well.A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writing80.----Ican"tseetheblackboardverywell.----Perhapsyouneed______.A.toexamineyoureyesB.tohaveyoureyesexaminedC.tohaveexaminedyoureyesD.tobeexaminedyoureyes 81.----Whereisthecoffeetable?----Tomjusthadit____away.A.moveB.movingC.movedD.moves82.Goodmedicine______tothemouth.A.tastesbitterB.tastesbitterlyC.istastedbitterD.istastedbitterly83.Whichgirlwontheprize?_____A.Bywhichgirlistheprizewon?B.Whichgirlwastheprizewon?C.Bywhichgirldidshewintheprize?D.Bywhichgirlwastheprizewon?84.---Wheredidyougetthathandsomepicture?----Itwas_____bymyfather.A.givenforusB.agifttousC.giventousD.agiftforus85.Ayounghenis______achicken.A.namedB.knownC.spelledD.called86.----HowdoesAlmalikehernewwork?----She______withthehour.A.can"tsatisfyB.isn"tsatisfiedC.doesn"tsatisfyD.hasn"tsatisfied87.----WhydoyoucallyoursonMouse?----Hewants______bythename.A.tocallB.tobecalledC.tobecallingD.beingcalled88.Hisidea,thoughgood,needs______out.A.beingtriedB.totryC.triedD.tobetried89.Themanlivinginthenextdoorisknown_____thepolice.A.withB.toC.byD.of90.Cottonisfirstmade______threadandthenitwaswoven______cloth.A.upof,upofB.into,intoC.of,ofD.from,from91.______herelastnight.A.SomethingstrangewashappenedB.StrangesomethingwashappenedC.SomethingstrangehappenedD.Strangesomethinghappened92.----I"dliketobuythatcoat.----I"msorry,_____.A.itwassoldB.it"ssellingC.it"sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold93.Gunpowderwasdiscoveredinthetwelfthcentury,but_____.A.mandidnotputittouseinwartwohundredyearsliterB.untiltwocenturiesmoreitwasusedinwarC.notusedinwaruntiltwohundredyearslaterD.inwardidnotuseittwohundredyearsafterwards94.Thefive-year-oldgirlbyherparents.A.islookedB.haslookedforC.isbeinglookedforD.hasbeenlooked 53-55BAB56-60BDADC61-65DCDDB66-70ACCCA71-75DACAA76-80CABAB81-85CADCD86-90BBDBB91-94CCCC语法复习九：动词词义辨析动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie,lay;hanged,hung;rise,raise;sit,seat等。2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow,lend;speak,say,talk;hope,wish等。3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise,advice;cost,worth;pass,past等。4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain,say;discover,invent,uncover;find,findout等。5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask,give,call,make,find,get,keep,want,see,hear等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：givein,giveup,turnon,turnoff,turndown,turnup等。（一）易混动词1、lay（放）,lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：放laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。3、hear与listento：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listento是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listento却用于集中注意力的听。4、see,watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Areyougoingtoplayoronlywatch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：Thelittleboylookedmeintheface.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）5、wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。6、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。7、hear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:HewasborninShanghai.而作它用时要用borne。如：Shehasbornefivechildren.但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。 8、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用beseated。如：Theywereseatedattheirdesks.或用seatoneself,比如:Iseatedmyselfinthearmchair.9、borrow,lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。10、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，agame,anargument,abattle,aprize,acontest,arace,abet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:Ihavewonhim.即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。11、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。12、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。13、take,bring与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。14、shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shutyourmouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shutup.在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。15、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answerfor，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。16、reach，arrive与getto：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有getto,arrive(at/in)。17、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost,spend,take，但各有不同用法。cost作“花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如:shespentallhismoneyonstamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如Ittakesmethreehourstofinishthiswork.18、lost,gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost,gone，但要用miss时则不能用missed,而要用missing.19、haveon,wear,puton及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。haveon与wear作穿着状态讲;但haveon不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。puton是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:Hewasdressedinab1uesuit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：Idressmychildreninthemorningeveryday.egin与start begin与Start均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:weshou1dhavetostartearlybecausetherewasalottrafficinthestreet。21、allow与permitallow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：Peoplearenotallowedtospit.22、find与foundfind找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.23、speak,say,talk与tell英文中讲有4个词，speak,say,talk,tell，但其中speak,talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：PleasespeakEnglish。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tellmeastory。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：Mywatchwasbroken.Itcouldn’ttelltimecorrectly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为Itsaid…。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Canyoutellmethedifferencebetweenthetwo？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：Thefatheralwaysspeakswellofhisson.。24、excuseme与sorryexcuseme用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。25、carefor与caretodocarefor其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：Wouldyoucareforacupoftea？但carefor作照顾讲时与lookafter相同。26、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.),advice(n.);accept(v.),except(prep.);pass(v.),past(prep.);bathe(v.),bath(n.);breathe(v.),breath(n.);choose(v.),choice(n.);succeed(v.),success(n.);27、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。28、动词+副词+介词：catchupwith,lookforwardto,comeupwith,keepupwith,goinfor,lookdownon,getonwith… 29、动词+介词to的词组有：cometo,stickto,objectto,agreeto,turnto,attendto,belongto,devoteto,replyto…30、与in相结合的动词有：givein,handin,bringin,dropin,succeedin,takein,checkin,engagein,fillin,tradein…（二）动词短语动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点：1、根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。(I)动词+副词(不及物)Harryturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleft.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。(2)动词+副词(及物)Pleaseturneverylightinthehouseoff.请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如：Sheturnedoffallthelightswhichhadbeenlefton.她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：Shegavethemaway.她送掉了它们。(3)动词+介词(及物)I"mlookingformyglasses.我在找我的眼镜。注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如：She"sgotmoreworkthanshecancopewith.她的工作多得使她应付不了。(4)动词+副词+介词Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon.我盼望不久就见到你。注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。Inthiswaybothgrainandvegetablecanbewelllookedafter.(不能漏掉after)这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①hearfrom收到…的来信，hearof听说。②lookafter照料，lookat看，lookfor寻找。(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①ringback回电话,ringoff挂断电话,ringup打电话②putaway放好,puton穿，上演,putup挂起，举起。 (3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：lookfor寻找,callfor去取(某物)，去接(某人),askfor请求,waitfor等候,sendfor派人去叫。(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：①breakout发生，爆炸,carryout进行，开展,goout熄灭,handout分发,letout放出,lookout当心,sellout卖完,setout出发,takeout取出,workout算出。②breakdown出毛病,comedown落下来,getdown下车,takedown取下,writedown写下。练习：1.Icanhardly____thedifferencebetweenthetwowords.A.pointB.speakC.sayD.tell2.I____youwillwritemebacksoon.A.wishB.hopeC.wantD.need3.Iaskedhimto____meafewminutessothatIcouldhaveawordwithhim.A.spendB.spareC.saveD.share4.Fatherwillnot____ustotouchanythinginhisroomwhenheisaway.A.haveB.letC.agreeD.allow5.Ilearnedto____abicycleasasmallboy.A.rideB.driveC.operateD.run6.Ican____youtotherailwaystationinmycar.A.sendB.pickC.rideD.take7.Ifnoone____thephoneathome,ringmeatwork.A.answersB.returnsC.repliesD.receives8.1don"tknowtherestaurant,butit"s____tobequiteagoodone.A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked9.Theseboxesaretooheavyforyourmother,you"dbetter____themforher.A.bringB.carryC.takeD.fetch10.Therewasafightinthestreetyesterday.Threepeoplewereseriously____.A.hurtB.killedC.brokenD.cut11.Carelessdriving____alotofhighwayaccidents.A.affectsB.givesC.causesD.results12.I"ve____myumbrellaintheofficeandI"llhavetofetchit.A.forgotB.leftC.remainedD.lost13.Thedoctorsaysafewdays"restinaquietplacewill____youalotofgood.A.makeB.doC.giveD.get14.Hisheart____fastwhentheteacheraskedhimadifficultquestion.A.beatB.hitC.jumpedD.ran15.Thecookingchicken____verygood. A.smellsB.feelsC.soundsD.tastes16.Mostchildrenstayathomeuntilthey____schoolage.A.getB.comeC.reachD.arrive17.Asinglemistakeherecould____youyourlife.A.payB.takeC.spendD.cost18.Theboyworkshard.I____himtosucceedintheexam.A.likeB.expectC.thinkD.need19.We____eachotherthebestofluckintheexamination.A.hopedB.wantedC.expectedD.wishedI"mafraidMr.Brownisn"tin.Wouldyouliketo____amessage?A.giveB.leaveC.carryD.take21.Doyouknowthegirl____aredcoat?A.dressedinB.hadonC.woreD.puton22.TheassistantsuggestedMary____theblueskirt.A.buyingB.boughtC.tobuyD.couldbuy23.OurteachersuggestedWangLin____toAmericaforfurtherstudy.A.shouldsendB.wouldbesentC.sendingD.besent24.OldMr.Jacksoninsisted____totheFriendshipHospital.A.onbeingsentB.tosendC.onsendingD.beingsent25.ThefatherinsistedthattheirsonTom____cleverenoughtostudymusic.A.beB.shouldbeC.wasD.wouldbe26.I____thetelevisionsetfor1,500yuan.A.boughtB.paidC.costD.spent27.I____playfootballthanbasketball.A.wouldratherB.hadbetterC.likebetterD.prefer28.-Whatareyoudoing?-I"mlooking____thechildren.Theyshouldbebackforlunchnow.A.afterB.atC.forD.up29.Thesportsmeetwillbe____tillnextweekbecauseofthebadweather.A.putoffB.putawayC.putupD.putdown30.Ireallydon"twanttogototheparty,butIdon"tseehowIcan____it.A.getbackfromB.getoutofC.getawayD.getoff31.Readerscan____quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.A.getoverB.getinC;getalongD.getthrough32.Manyforeigners____theGreatWallastheWorld"sSeventhWonder.A.lookatB.lookforC.lookaroundD.lookon33.1can"thearclearly.Please____theradio____alittle.A.turn;onB.turn;offC.turn;downD.turn;up34.Thirtypeoplewereexpected,butonlytwenty-four____. A.turnedinB.turnedupC.turnedtoD.turnup35.Thechildisrunningahighfever.Wemust____adoctoratonce.A.sendinB.sendoutC.sendforD.sendup36.I"mgoingtoapopconcertwithTom.He"ll____meateightandwe"llgotheretogether;A.callforB.callinC.callonD.callup37.Itisofteneasiertomakeplansthanitisto____.A.carryonthemB.carryoutthemC.carrythemonD.carrythemout38.Yourcompositionmustbe____afterclass.A.handedtoB.handedoutC.handedinD.handedover39.Anewschoolwas____inthevillagelastyear.A.heldupB.setupC.sentupD.broughtup40.-Whendidtheplane____?-At2o"clock.A.takeoff"B.takeupC.takeawayD.takeplace41.____!There"sdangerahead.A.LookatB.LookupC.LookonD.Lookout42.Let"s____tocleanthehouse.It"stoodirty.A.setaboutB.setoutC.setoffD.setdown43.Iusedto____myteacherwhenIwasinBeijing.A.callin.B.callatC.callforD.callon44.He____fromhisfamilyandsettleddowninAmerica.A.brokeawayB.brokeoutC.brokeupD.brokein45.Hehadto____hisfather"sbusinessafterhisdeath,thoughhedidn"treallywanttocontinueit.A.carryoutB.pickupC.setupD.carryon46.Therobbershadnotroublein____thebank,butwhentheycameout,thepolicewerewaitingforthem.A.breakingoutB.breakingintoC.breakingupD.breakingawayfrom47.Autumniscoming.Thefarmersarebusy____thecropsinthefields.A.movinginB.sharinginC.handinginD.gettingin48.Allthestudents____theirholidaystotakepartinplantingtrees.A.gaveoutB.gaveinC.gaveupD.gaveaway49.Hewasalwaysthelasttoleaveinordertocleanuptheworkroomand____thetools.A.putawayB.takeawayC.pushasideD.lookafter50.____thisarticleandtellmewhatyouthinkofit.A.LookupB.LookonC.LookintoD.Lookthrough 1-5DBBDA6-10CAABACBBAA16-DBDB21-25AADAC26-30AACAB31-35CDCBC36-40ADCBA41-45DBDAD46-50BDCAD