高考英语语法复习四：定语从句 9页

高考英语语法复习四：定语从句（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导　　1、关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as　　2、关系副词：when,where,why　　关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。　　e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）　　ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。　　（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句　　1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。　　e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）　　2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。　　e.g.Tom"sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）　　（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题　　1、that与which的区别。　　1）用that而不用which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,…；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only,very,any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。 　　e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。　　ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。　　ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。　　Mr.Smithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。2）用which而不用that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词+关系代词。　　e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。　　Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。　　3）as引导定语从句时的用法　　①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。　　e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriend"s.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。　　SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。　　②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。　　e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。　　3）as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别　　①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。　　e.g.Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.　　Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.　　②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。　　e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn"tlikeatall.2.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。　　e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。　　ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow. 　　3.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。　　e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan"tunderstand.　　4.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用"介词+which"来代替。　　e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeople"sRepublicofChinawasfounded.　　5.当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。　　e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.　　6.介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which,that,whom,口语中也可用who，且可省略。　　e.g.Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.　　练习、定语从句　　一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：　　1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.　　2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.　　3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.　　4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon"tstudyhard.　　5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.　　6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.　　7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.　　8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.　　9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.　　10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.　　11.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.　　12.That"sthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.　　13.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.　　14.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaven"tbeenhandedin.　　15.Isthatthewoman?Herdaughterisinmyclass.　　16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees. 　　17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.　　18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.　　19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.　　Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.　　二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:　　1.Theperson________________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.　　2.Thepencil________________hewaswritingbroke.　　3.WuDong,________________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.　　4.Thetwothings________________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.　　5.Herbag,________________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.　　6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,________________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.　　三、选择填空：　　1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.　　A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when　　2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.　　A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which　　3.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.　　A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as　　4.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?　　A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who　　5.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.　　A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as　　6.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.　　A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when　　7.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?　　A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who8.Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere? 　　A.whoB./C.thatD.when　　9.Theman____youtalkedjustnowisaworker.　　A.whoB.whomC.towhomD.towho　　10.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather"sneighbour.　　A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.which　　11.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.　　A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalking　　C.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking　　12.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.　　A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhimC.youshowedD.whereyoushowed　　13.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.　　A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who　　14.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.　　A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which　　15.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?　　A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose　　16.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.　　A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all　　17.Theforeignguests,____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.　　A.mostofthemB.mostofthatC.mostofwhomD.mostofthose　　18.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.　　A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as　　19.Iknowonlyalittleaboutthismatter;youmayask____knowsbetterthanI.　　A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.theone　　Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.　　A.whereB./C.whenD.what　　21.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.　　A.whereB.thatC.whichD.onwhich　　22.Nearbyweretwocanoes____theyhadcometotheisland. 　　A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD./　　23.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim.　　A.that,whatB.what,thatC.which,whatD.that,which　　24.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?　　A.thatB.whichC.itsD.whose　　25.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn"tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.　　A.whomB.whoC.towhomD.formwhom　　26.Isthisschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?　　A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where　　27.Isthistheschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?　　A.theoneB.whereC.inwhichD./　　28,Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass____homesareinthecountry?　　A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which　　29.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.　　A.itB.whichC.thatD.he　　30.ThetrainwascrowdedandIhadtogetintoacarriage____alreadysevenotherpeople.　　A.whentherewereB.whichtherewereC.thattherewereD.wheretherewere　　31.Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.　　A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.inthat　　32.----Whatgameispopularwiththem?----The____mostistennis.　　A.gametheylikeitB.gametheylikeC.bestgametheylikeD.bestgametheylikeit　　33.Theystayedwithmethreeweeks,____theydrankallthewineIhad.　　A.whichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichtimeD.duringwhich　　34.Theroom____Mr.Whitelivesisnotverylarge.　　A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when　　35.Don"tforgettheday____youwerereceivedintotheYouthLeague.　　A.whenB.thatC.atwhichD.where　　36.I"vefinishedwritingthenovel,____istobepublishednextmonth.　　A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when　37.Hereturnedhomesafeandsoundafterafiercebattle,____wasunexpected. 　　A.whichB.asC.thatD.it　　38.____weisknowntoall,Englishisnotverydifficulttolearn.　　A.WhatB.AsC.ThatD.Which　　39.Theoldmanhadthreesons,allof____diedduringWorldWarⅡ.　　A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.who　　40.Ihaveboughttwopens,____writewell.　　A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.bothofwhichD.allofwhich　　41.Doyouknowthereason____shehaschangedhermind?　　A.whyB.whichC.forthatD.ofwhich　　42.Hefailedintheexam,____provesthathewasn"tworkinghardenough.　　A.whichB.whatC.itD.that　　43.Duringtheweek____hetriedtocollectmaterialsforhisarticle.　　A.followingB.followedC.tofollowD.thatfollowed　　44.____wasexpected,hesucceededintheexam.　　A.ItB.WhichC.AsD.That　　45.Hestudiedhardandlaterbecameawell-knownwriter,____hisfatherexpected.　　A.thatwaswhatB.whatwasthatC.andwhichwasD.whichwaswhat　　46.Weshouldreadsuchbooks____willmakeusbetterandwiser.　　A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what　　47.Youmustshowmywifethesamerespect____youshowme.　　A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what　　48.Heisabsent____isoftenthecase.　　A.whatB.whichC.whoD.as　　49.Itisthefirsttime____Ihavecometoyourcity.　　A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when　　50.Who____hasthesameideaasitwilldoitinthisway.　　A.whoB.thatC.whomD.which　　51.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears____Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,____hasagreateffectonmylife.　　A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who 　　52.Thisistheonlybook____Icanfind.　　A.thatB.whichC.itD.withwhich　　53.Idon"tlike____youspeaktoher.　　A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich　　54.Thatisoneofthosebooksthat____worthreading.　　A.isB.areC.hasD.have　　55.Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentswhosehandwriting____thebest.　　A.isB.areC.hasD.have　　56.Therewas____topreventtheaccident.　　A.somethingcoulddoB.anythingwecoulddo　　C.nothingwecouldn"tdoD.nothingwecoulddo　　答案：一、1.Thefanthatyouwantisonthedesk.2.Themanwhobroughtourtextbookshereyesterdayisinnextroom.3.Themagazinewhichhehastakenawayismine.4.Thestudentswhodon"tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.5.Thewomanyousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.6.TheletterIreceivedyesterdayisfrommysister.7.Theplaythatwesawlastnightwaswonderful.8.ThetrainwhichwasgoingtoNanningwaslate.9.Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismybrother.10.Thetreeheisclimbingisquitetall.11.Hereisthegirlwhosebrotherworksinthisshop.12.That"sthechildwhosedrawingwewerelookingatjustnow.13.Thisistheboywhosesisterisafavoussinger.14.Iwanttotalktotheboywhosehomeworkhasn"tbeenhandedin.15.Isthatthewomanwhosedaughterisinmyclass?16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse,infrontofwhichgrewmanybananatrees. 17.Theypassedafactory,atthebackofwhichtherewerericefields.18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding,onthetopofwhichflewaflag.19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill,atthefootofwhichtherewasatemple.Shecameintoabigroom,inthemiddleofwhichstoodalargetable.二、1.towhom;2.withwhich;3.withwhom;4.aboutwhich;5.inwhich;6.ofwhich三、1~5ABACD6~10CDCCA11~15CCADA16~CCAB21~25ABBDC　　26~30ADABD31~35BBDCA36~40CABCC41~45AADCD46~50BBDAB　　51~56BAABAD