高一英语语法—倒装 3页

倒装在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时由于语法或修辞的需要将谓语的部分或全部提到主语前面，这样的语序叫做“倒装“倒装的种类：部分倒装----助动词情态动词+主语+谓语的实义动词全部倒装----谓语+主语一.在特殊句型中：1.在疑问句中:eg:Isthisyourcellphonenumber?Whatdoyouprefer?2.在感叹句中：eg:Howhappytheyare!Whatfunitis!3.在虚拟条件句中：eg:IfIwereabird,Icouldflyfreely.=……HadIknownitearlier,Iwouldn’thavelenthimthemoney.Longlivepeace!Mayourfriendshipbeeverlasting!4.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时；eg:“Youshouldhavebeenhereearlier,”saidtheteacher.“You,”saidhisfather,“dothehousework.”二.在以下结构中用全部倒装：1.在therebe句型中；eg:Therearethousandsofpeoplegatheringonthesquare.Therelivedanoldfishermaninthevillage.2.在“here,there,now,thus,then+动词+主语”的句子中,(动词为be,go,come等);eg:Nowcomesmyturn.Theregoesthebell.Thencametheordertoleave.3.在“outin,updown,offaway”以及表示地点的介词词组位于句首时；eg:Awaywentthecrowedonebyone.Incameastrangerinblack.Downfelltheleaves.Onthefloorwerepilesofoldbooks. 注意：若主语是人称代词，则用正常语序----adv.+主语+谓语；eg:Outshewent.Hereweare.4.有时为了强调表语，构成“表语+连系动词+主语”结构；eg:Luckyisshewhowaschosentobealeader.Gonearethedayswhenwomenwerelookeddownupon!在以下结构中用部分倒装：1.含有否定意义的adv或conj（not,seldom,little,hardly,never,rarely,nowhere,notuntil,notonly,bynomeans等）位于句首时；eg:HecannotspeakanEnglishword.----NotanEnglishwordcanhespeak.Ihaveneverseenhimbefore.----Never……Themotherdidn’tleavetheroomuntilthebabyfellasleep.----Notuntilthebabyfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.注意：notuntil引导的句子，主句倒装，从句不用倒装。2.only位于句首，且修饰状语时，主句倒装；eg:Onlyinthiswaycanyouusethecomputerwell.只有意识到这门课的重要，我们才能学好它。Onlyshecansettlethisproblem.(TF?)3.so用在句首，表示另一主语“也”时，用“So+be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构(有时也用as替代)；若表示另一主语“也不”时，用“NorNeither+be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构；eg:ShehasbeentoHeifei.Sohavewe.Itiscoldtoday.Soitis.(TF?)Shewon’tacceptthatinvitation.NeitherNorwillhe.注意：（1）“So+主语+be(have,助动词或情态动词)”表示对前面所说的话加以肯定，译为“的确如此”；（2）若前面所说的既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致，用“Itisthesamewith+主语”或“Soitiswith+主语”；eg:Heworkedhard,butdidn’tpasstheexam.Soitwaswithhissister.Sheisateacherandsheenjoysteaching.Soitiswithhim. 4.在”as(尽管)”引导的让步状语从句中；(可以换成though)eg:Shortestthoughsheis,sheistherichest.(最高级前不用冠词)Childasheis,heknowsalot.(单数名词前不用a)FailasIdid,Iwouldtryagain.(动词提前，助动词留在原位)Hardashetried,hecouldn’tpasstheexam.(副词提前)5.在”so…that…”和”such…that…”句型中的so和such位于句首时，用”sosuch+adj+主语+谓语”；eg:Sodifficultwastheexamthatmorethanahalfofthestudentsfailed.