高考英语语法复习二主谓一致 8页

高考英语语法复习二：主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。　　（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。　　1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.　　注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.　　2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.　　注意：①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：Thewriterandartisthascome.②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.　　3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.　　4、either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.　　注意：① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有"of+复数名词（或代词）"作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.　　5、在定语从句时，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.　　6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如：ClassFourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.　　注意：people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.　　7、由"alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词"构成的短语以及由"分数或百分数+名词"构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.　　注意：anumberof"许多"，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；thenumberof"…的数量"，主语是number，谓语用单数。　　8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Therecomesthebus./Onthewallaremanypictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。　　1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Whichisyourbag?/Whichareyourbags?/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.　　2、表示"时间、重量、长度、价值"等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.　　3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如："TheArabianNights"isaninterestingstory-book.　　4、表数量的短语"oneanda half"后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.　　5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelvepluseightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.　　6、一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./Ithinkphysicsisn"teasytostudy.　　7、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.　　8、"定冠词the+形容词或分词"，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。　　（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。　　1、当两个主语由either…or,neither…nor,whether…or…,notonly…butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neithertheynorheiswhollyright./Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?　　2、therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..　　注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。　　练习：主谓一致　　1.I,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.　　A.amB.isC.areD.be　　2.Therich____notalwayshappy.　　A.areB.isC.hasD.have　　3.NeitherTomnorJackandI____hisstudents.　　A.areB.amC.isD.was　　4.Maryaswellashersisters____ChineseinChina.　　A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study　　5.NeithermyfathernorI____athome.　　A.amB.isC.areD.be 　　6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI____goodatpainting.Bothofus____goodpainters.,　　A.are;areB.am;amC.ani;areD.is;is　　7.Every"boyandeverygirl____toattendtheeveningparty.　　A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like　　8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChina____peasants.　　A.wasB.isC.wouldbeD.are　　9.ThepopulationofChina____largerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.　　A.isB.areC.hasD.have　　10.Everymeans____triedbutwithoutanyresult.　　A.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeen　　11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,____forhavingbrokentherule.　　A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunished　　12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor____askedtoattendthe.meetingthisafternoon.　　A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeing13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor____.　　A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmen　　C.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinese　　14.There____apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.　　A.areB.isC.hasD.have　　15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclass____girls.　　A.areB.wasC.isD.be　　16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses____muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.　　A.doesn"tchangeB.don"tchangeC.changeD.changed　　17.TheArabianNights____wellknowntotheEnglish.　　A.isB.areC.wasD.were　　18.ChairmanMao"sworks____published.　　A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.is　　19.Achemicalworks____builtthere.　　A.istobeingB.havebeenC.weretoD.hasbeen 　　TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.　　A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five　　21.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.　　A.isB.areC.wasD.were　　22.Heistheonlyoneofdiestudentswho____elected.　　A.areB.haveC.hasD.is　　23.Theisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat____asked.　　A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen　　24.Manyaman____cometohelpus.　　A.haveB.hasC.isD.are　　25."All____presentandall____goingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.　　A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are　　26.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.　　A.issearchingforB.weresearchingfor　　C.aresearchingforD.weresearching　　27.Yourtrousers____dirty.Youmusthave____washed.　　A.is;ilB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them　　28.Thispairoftrousers____toolongforhim.　　A.isB.beC.areD.were　　29.Oneandahalfbananas____leftonthetable.　　A.isB.areC.hasD.have　　30.Eighttimeseight____sixty-four.　　A.isB.areC.getD.equal　　31.Tenminutes____anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.　　A.seemsB.seemC.seemedD.seemes　　32.____ofthemoney____nmout.　　A.Three-fifth;hasB.Three-fifth;hasbeen　　C.Three-fifths;hasD.Three-fifths;have　　33.Thewholeclass____theteacherattentively.　　A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningto 　　C.arelisteningD.islistening　　34.1havefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhich___moredifficult.　　A.isB.areC.wasD.were　　35.Betweenthetworowsoftrees____theteachingbuilding.　　A.standB.standsC.standingD.are　　36.Largequantitiesofwater____forirrigation.　　A.isneededB.has-neededC.areneededD.need37.Thattheywerewronginthesematters____nowcleartousall.　　A.isB.wasC.areD.all　　38.Whatweneed____goodtextbooks.　　A.isB.areC.haveD.has　　39.Whatyousaidjustnow____thematterwearediscussing.　　A.havesomethingtoatB.hassomethingtodowith　　C.hadsomethingtodowithD.hasbeensomethingtodowith　　40.Morethanonemember____againsttheplan.　　A.isB.areC.hasD.have　　41.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.　　A.hasnotdecidedB.isnotdecided　　C.arenotdecidedD.havenotdecided　　42.Halfofthefruit____bad.　　A.areB.hasC.isD.have　　43.____eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?　　A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is　　44.Mathematics____thelanguageofscience.　　A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe　　45.Myfamily____small.　　A.isB.wereC.areD.makes　　46.Thefollowing____someotherexamples.　　A.areB.isC.wasD.were　　47.Theybothhavesomefriends;buthis____moreactive. 　　A.isB.willbeC.wasD.are　　48.Bothriceandwheat____growninthatcountry.　　A.isB.areC.wasD.has　　49.Earlytobedandearlytorise____agoodhabit.　　A.areB.isC.wereD.was　　50.Toplaybasketballandtogoswimming____usefulforcharacter-training.　　A.wasB.isC.areD.were　　51.EitherheorI____toattendthemassmeetingthisevening.　　A.isB.amC.areD.be　　52.____eitherheorItoattendthemassmeetingthisevening.　　A.isB.amC.areD.be　　53.Anironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactories,____tobebuilthere.　　A.areB.wereC.isD.will　　54.Sheaswellasherbrother____aLeaguemember.　　A.areB.wereC.willD.is　　55.Hisfamily____abigone.Nowthefamily____watchingTV.　　A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are　　56.ItisIwho____goingtoattendthemeetingtomorrow.　　A.isB.amC.areD.be　　57.Morethan60%ofthestudents____thecountryside.　　A.isB.areC.isfromD.arefrom　　58.Manyaman____thenovel.　　A.hasreadB.havereadC.isreadD.areread　　59.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____goingtoswimthisafternoon.　　A.isB.wasC.areD.were　　60.Here____apen,afewpencilsandsomepaperforyou.　　A.areB.isC.wasD.were答案：1~5AAACA6~10CBDAD11~15ACABA16~ABDB21~25ADCBC 26~30BCAAA31~35ACAAB36~40CABBA41~45BCCCA46~50ADBBC51~55BACDA56~60BDAAB