高考英语语法复习数词的用法 5页

高考英语语法复习：数词的用法数词包括基数词和序数词。基数词1.一般表达-teen,十几-ty,几十hundred,百thousand,千million,百万billion,十亿13---thirteen40---forty91---ninety-one100---one/ahundred1,000---one/athousand10,000---tenthousand100,000---onehundredthousand1,000,000---one/amillion1,000,000,000---one/abillionone/athousandmillion5,487fivethousand,fourhundredandeighty-seven258,147twohundred,fifty-eightthousand,onehundredandforty-seven76,543,213seventy-sixmillion,fivehundredandforty-threethousand,twohundredandthirteen2.注意：1)zero=nought,表示号时可以读作zero,oe,gMyroomnumberis302.---threeotwo2).基数词和another,more连用时，表示再、又、还，基数词放于more之前，放于another之后，如：e,gPleasegivemeonemoreapple.Ineedanothertwomoreminutestofinishmywork.3)Exercises:34__________________72_________________305__________________458_________________6,587_____________________________________234,158___________________________________12,345,678__________________________________序数词表示事物顺序的词，往往与定冠词the连用。1.一般表达1st—thefirst2nd—thesecond3rd—thethird4th—thefourth5th—thefifth6th--thesixth17th---theseventeenth—thetwentieth30th—thethirtieth80th—theeightieth91st—theninety-first 100th—theonehundredth101st---theonehundredandfirst1.注意1).序数词前有the时表示排列顺序“第几”，序数词前有a/an表示“再一”，“又一”的意思:ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeentoShanghai.IwillgotoShanghaiasecondtimenextmonth.---DoyouthinkthefilmLettheBulletsFlyworthseeing___secondtime?---Yes,without___question.Athe,theBa,theCthe,不填Da,不填2).不加the，相当于形容词或副词First,Iwillintroducemyself.Hegottwofirstprizeslastterm.3).倒数的表达倒数第二行thesecondlinefromthebottom/end倒数第二名thelastbutone倒数第三名thelastbuttwo数词的应用1.年月日、时刻及年代的表达1)年月日的表达：顺序为月、日、年，年月前用in,月日前用on,年月日前用on，月与年用逗号隔开。in1998---innineteenninety-eightin1990---innineteenhundredin---intwentyhundredin—intwothousandandseveninFebruaryinMayon1st---onthefirston15th---onthefifteenth在6月inJune,在九月一日onSeptember(the)first/onthefirstofSep.在10月1日onOctober(the)first,twentyten2)年代世纪在19世纪70年代inthe1870’s/1870s---intheeighteenseventies在80年代inthe1990’s/1990s---inthenineteennineties3）时间的表达整点:atnine(o’clock)a.m.atfivep.m.过几分:atfourthirty=athalfpastfouratfivepastsix=atsixofiveataquarterpasteight=ateightfifteen 差几分:attwentytofour=atthreefortyaquartertoeight=atsevenforty–five2.年龄的表达方法1）整岁：Heis12.=Heistwelve.Heisatwelve-year-oldboy.2)十几岁：Heisinhisteens.少年()Heisinhisearlyteens.十三十四Heisinhislateteens.十八十九Theyareteenagerchildren.=Theyareteenagers.3)不到、、、、、、岁：Heisclosetoforty.他快四十了。Heisalmostforty.他差不多四十了。Heisjustunderforty.他还不到四十岁。Heisnotyetforty.Heistwoyearsoffforty.过两年就是四十了。Heisgettingonforty.他年近四十岁。Hewillbefortyyearsoldnextweek.他下周就四十了。4）超过、、、、、、岁他五十多岁。Heisoverfifty.Heisaboveforty.Heismorethanfifty.Heisinhisfifties.Heisinhisearlyfifties.他五十出头。3分数、小数、百分数及度数的表达1）分数分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子超过1时，分母要加s.三分之一:one-third五分之三：three-fifths四分之一：one/aquarter或one-fourth二分之一：one/ahalf或one-second半小时:halfanhour一年半：ayearandahalf/oneandahalfyears2)小数用基数词加小数点表示，小数点读作point0.4zeropointfour12.06twelvepointzerosix45.567forty-fivepointfivesixseven 0可以读作：zero,o,nought2)百分数1%：onepercent3%:threepercent15%:fifteenpercent主语中有百分数时，谓语动词的单复数由百分数后面名词的单复数决定。e.gFiftypercentofthestudentshavecomealready.Morethanfiftypercentofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.4倍数的表达1）倍数+as+形容词原形（副词）+asThisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.TomsrunsthreeminutesasfastasI.2)倍数+形容词比较级（副词）+thanTheroomistwicelargerthanthatone.TomrunsthreetimesfasterthanI.3)倍数+the+size（length,height,weight,time）+ofThecityofShanghaiisthreetimesthesizeofthatcity.Theropeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.4)倍数+thatofInthisareathegrainoutputisfivetimesthatofbeforeliberation.注意：一倍once,两倍twice,三倍级以上由“基数词+timeshare”如:threetimes,fourtimesdouble表示增加一倍e.gTomworkedveryhard,sothecompanydoubledhissalary.5.数次的其他用法1）每隔every+基数词+复数名词every+序数词+单数名词每隔一天：everytwodays/everyseconddays/everyotherday每隔几天：everyfewdays隔一行:everyotherline2）数量增加用动词increase,goup,grow,rise,表示幅度用介词by 增加四倍：increasefivetimes增加15%：riseby15%3)数量减少用动词reduce,fall,drop,表示幅度用介词by,to降到10%：reduceto10%(减少90%)减少reduceby只有原来的80%）下降35%：fall/dropby35%4）习惯表达一两个：oneortwo乱七八糟：sixsandsevens我们中的两个：twoofus三三两两：twosandthrees十有八九：tentoone我们两个人：thetwoofus5)其他类别例子多于over,above,morethan,ormore,atleast少于Below,nomorethan,under,notmorethan,lessthan,orless,atmost大约about,around,orso,moreorless,almost,nearly,some,round正好clear,clearly,addupto总共Inall,total,exactly两数之间to…from…to…between…and…