北美考试基础英语语法--托福、SAT、GMAT适用 19页

北美考试基础语法一、课程介绍课程结构简介目录1、简单句的各种成分2、各种从句：名词性从句&定语从句&状语从句3、非谓语动词：不定式&分词（现在分词和过去分词）&动名词4、平行结构 二、句子成分词汇、短语认知对于词汇的认知名词waterriverCalifornia冠词aanthe形容词mysteriousfoolishdelicious代词Imeitmymine动词existstrikegivemake副词particularlyartistically介词inonat连词andbutsobecause对于短语的认知形容词短语proudofdifferentfromfullof动词短语getupcomeintobeingputupwith介词短语inthemorningintheroomonone’swaytoattheendof简单句的基本结构一、主语+谓语Theriverslows.Thewaterexists. 二、主语+谓语+宾语Ifeelemotions.Thewavesstriketheshore.三、主语+谓语+宾语1+宾语2Sciencegivespeoplemoreopportunity.Goalsofferpeoplecourage.四、主语+谓语+宾语+宾补Lovemakeswomenfoolish.PeoplefindPyramidsmysterious.五、主语+系动词+表语Todayisagift.Thehillsremaingreen.Thewordseemsbusy.Thefoodtastesdelicious.Theleavesturnyellow.Everythingturnsoutfine.知识点详解主语：名词&其他相当于名词的结构谓语：动词（及物动词&不及物动词）动词短语宾语：名词&其他相当于名词的结构系动词表语：可以修饰名词的结构（形容词名词）形容词短语、介词短语其他相当于形容词的结构句子成分——定语Naturalbeautyisanall-pervadingpresence.Itunfoldsintothenumberlessflowersofspring.Itwavesinthebranchesoftreesandthegreenbladesofgrass.句子成分——同位语Threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andtheunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.句子成分——状语Theselectionofmusicforeachfilmprogramrestedentirelyinthehandsoftheconductor.Conesarenaturallyslightlyopenortightlyclosed.Theresultisobviouslythatonlythemostindustriousonescanachievefinalsuccess.Consequently,the”custodialrhetoric”ofthe1930’sandearly1940’snolongermadesense. Theresultdependstogreatextent/greatlyonhimself.Thereisalittlebirdonthetopofthetrees.定语：可以修饰名词的结构（形容词名词）形容词短语、介词短语其他相当于形容词的结构同位语：名词&其他相当于形容词的结构状语：可以修饰非名词的结构包括修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语、从句和句子的各种结构其他相当于副词的结构插入语打破一个完整的句子结构-插入Attitude,afterall,meansquitealottoastudent’sacademicperformance.Aman’sfeelingsforhisjobwill,inparticular,reflectthefeelingsforhislife.长难句分析&句子简化题托福阅读长难句分析This“papermoneyaristocracy”ofbankersandinvestorsmanipulatedthebankingsystemfortheirownprofit,Democratsclaimed,andsappedthenation’svirtuebyencouragingspeculationandthedesireforsudden,unearnedwealth.句子简化题Hethensetupexperimentswithcagedstarlingsandfoundthattheirorientationwas,infact,inthepropermigratorydirectionexceptwhentheskywasovercast,atwhichtimestherewasnocleardirectiontotheirrestlessmovements.*Experimentsrevealedthatcagedstarlingsdisplayedalackofdirectionalsenseandrestlessmovements.*Experimentsrevealedthatcagedstarlingswereunabletoorientthemselvesinthedirectionoftheirnormalmigratoryroute.*Experimentsrevealedthattherestlessmovementofcagedstarlingshadnocleardirection.*Experimentsrevealedthatcagedstarlings’orientationwasaccurateunlesstheweatherwasovercast.SAT语法题目(1)Theauthor,takingthereaderonachronologicaljourneythroughhernativeland,skillfullycombininghistoryandlegendwithfragmentsoffiction.(A)Theauthor,takingthereaderonachronologicaljourneythroughhernativeland,skillfully(B)Thereaderistakenonachronologicaljourneythroughtheauthor’snativelandbyskillfully(C)Thereaderistakenonachronologicaljourneythroughhernativelandbytheauthorwhoisskillfully (D)Theauthor,whotakethereaderonachronologicaljourneythroughhernativeland,skillfully(E)Theauthortakethereaderonachronologicaljourneythroughhernativeland,skillfullySAT语法题目(2)PearlBuck,oneofthemostpopularwritersofherday,winningtheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1938forhernovelsaboutChina.Aday,winningtheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1938forhernovelsaboutChinaBday,winningtheNobelPrizeinLiteraturewhichshewonin1938forhernovelsaboutChinaCday,andshewontheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1938forhernovelsaboutChinaDday,wontheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1938forhernovelsaboutChinaEday,hernovelsaboutChinabringinghertheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1938SAT语法题目(3)TheBasquelanguage,possiblyoneofEuropean’soldest,whoseoriginsarehotlydebatedATheBasquelanguage,possiblyoneofEuropean’soldest,whoseoriginsarehotlydebated.BTheBasquelanguage,possiblyoneofEuropean’soldest,itsoriginsarehotlydebated.CPossiblyoneofEuropean’soldestlanguages,theoriginsofBasquearehotlydebatedDTheoriginsoftheBasquelanguage,possiblyoneofEuropean’soldest,arehotlydebated.EBasqueishotlydebatedasalanguagewhoseoriginsarepossiblyEurope’soldest. 三、主谓一致知识点详解主语和谓语数量上的匹配-主谓一致名词为物质实体-单数和复数名词为抽象概括-单数名词的修饰结构不对名词的数量产生任何影响Thebright(A)fiberglasssculpturesofLuisJimenezhasreceived(B)criticalacclaimnotonly(C)inhishomestate,NewMexico,butalsoin(D)Newyork.Noerror(E).Evidencefromsurveysandinterviewsshowfriendshipsmadeinhighschooltendtolastlongerthanthosemadeincollege.AshowfriendshipsmadeinhighschooltendtolastBshowhighschoolfriendshipsthattendtolastCisshowinghighschoolfriendshipstendingtolastDshowsthatfriendshipsmadeinhighschooltendtolastEshowsfriendshipsinhighschooltendstolastGMAT语法（1） Whileallstatesfacesimilarindustrialwaste,problems,thepredominatingindustriesandtheregulatoryenvironmentofthestatesobviouslydeterminesthetypesandamountsofwasteproduced,aswellasthecostofdisposal.Aallstatesfacesimilarindustrialwasteproblems,thepredominatingindustriesandtheregulatoryenvironmentofthestatesobviouslydetermines.Beachstatefacesasimilarindustrialwasteproblem,theirpredominantindustriesandregulatoryenvironmentobviouslydetermineCallstatesfaceasimilarindustrialwasteproblemtheirpredominatingindustriesandregulatoryenvironmentobviouslydeterminesDeachstatefacessimilarindustrialwasteproblems,thepredominantindustriesandtheregulatoryenvironmentofeachstateobviouslydeterminesEallsatesfacesimilarindustrialwasteproblems,thepredominantindustriesandtheregulatoryenvironmentofeachstateobviouslydetermineGMAT语法（2）Thelackofcompletehistoricalrecordsfromthemid-to-late1800’shasmadesomeBlackinventionsdifficulttotracetotheiroriginators.AhavemadesomeBlackinventionsdifficulttotracetotheiroriginatorsBhavemadefordifficultiesintracingsomeinventionsbyBlackstotheiroriginatorsChavemadeitdifficulttotracesomeinventionsbyBlackstotheiroriginatorsDhasmadeitdifficulttotracesomeinventionstotheirBlackoriginatorsEhasmadeitdifficultintracingsomeBlackinventionstotheir主语和谓语数量上的匹配-主谓一致名词为物质实体-单数和复数名词为抽象概括-单数名词的修饰结构不对名词的数量产生任何影响四、时态知识点详解（1）动词的时态与语态一般现在时1.Pridegoesbefore,andshamefollowsafter.2.Youdon’tmeetagirllikethateverydynasty.知识点详解（2）一般过去Youstoleyourfather’sarmor,ranawayfromhome,impersonatedasoldier,deceivedyour commandingofficer,dishonoredtheChinesearmy,destroyedmypalace,AND…youhavesavedusall.一般将来Thismirrorwillshowyouanything,anythingyouwishtosee.Therewillbemusic,romantic进行状态Whatarewedoinghere?Weareprotectingpeople.完成状态MRS.POTTS:Oh,trytobepatient,sir.Thegirlhaslostherfatherandherfreedomallinoneday.LUMIERE:Uh,master.Haveyouthoughtthat,perhaps,thisgirlcouldbetheonetobreakthespell?BEAST:OfcourseIhave.Wehavewaitedforsolong!完成进行状态Takethisonehome.Andmakesurehismomknowswhathehasbeendoing.总结状态不同时态比较（1）时态主将从现Whenthecatisaway,themicewillplay.Whatbeautifulblossomswehavetheyear.Butlook,thisone’slate.But,I’llbetthatwhenitblooms,itwillbethemostbeautifulofall.不同时态比较（2）时态一般过去与现在完成不同时态比较（3）过去完成与一般过去时态的谓语动词各种时态谓语动词形式dodoesdid willdoamisaredoingwasweredoingwillbedoinghave/hasdonehaddonewillhavedonehave/hasbeendoinghadbeendoingwillhavebeendoing五、被动形式知识点详解各种时态谓语动词的被动语态形式dodoes—am/is/aredonedid—was/weredonewilldo—willbedoneamisaredoing—am/is/arebeingdonewasweredoing—was/werebeingdonewillbedoing—willbebeingdonehave/hasdone—have/hasbeendonehaddone—hadbeendonewillhavedone—willhavebeendonehave/hasbeendoing—have/hasbeenbeingdonehadbeendoing—hadbeenbeingdonewillhavebeendoing--?六、情态动词温馨提示：本节没有讲义，请认真观看老师板书并做好笔记。知识点详解情态动词mustcanmaybedonecando-canbedonecanbedoing-canbebeingdonecanhavedone-havebeendonecanhavebeendone-canhavebeendoingdone七、过去式和过去分词 温馨提示：本节没有讲义，请认真观看老师板书并做好笔记。知识点详解 八、时态及时态的谓语动词SAT题目Jeromeoftenreferredto(A)arthistorytextbookwhilehe(B)wassculptingwheneverhelearnedanewmethodinartclass;heseeksout(C)theworkofsculptorswhohadusedit(D)inthepast.Noerror(E).Inthebeliefthatcrosswordpuzzlesstimulatedhermind,Doloreswillspendhoursonthemeveryweek.(A)Doloreswillspendhoursonthemeveryweek(B)Doloreswouldspendhoursonthemeveryweek(C)hoursofeveryweekarespentonthembyDolores(D)theyoccupiedhoursofeveryweekforDolores(E)everyweekwillfindDoloresspendinghoursonthemGMAT题目（1）GMAT语法Inanefforttoreducetheirinventories,Italianvintnershavecutprices;theirwineshavebeenpricedtosell,andtheyare.(A)havebeenpricedtosell,andtheyare(B)arepricedtosell,andtheyhave(C)arepricedtosell,andtheydo(D)arebeingpricedtosell,andhave(E)hadbeenpricedtosell,andtheyhaveGMAT题目（2）Somebuildingsthatweredestroyedandheavilydamagedintheearthquakelastyearwereconstructedinviolationofthecity’sbuildingcede.A.SomebuildingsthatweredestroyedandheavilydamagedintheearthquakelastyearwereB.SomebuildingsthatweredestroyedorheavilydamagedintheearthquakelastyearhadbeenC.SomebuildingsthattheearthquakedestroyedandheavilydamagedlastyearhavebeenD.LastyeartheearthquakedestroyedorheavilydamagedsomebuildingsthathavebeenE.Lastyearsomeofbuildingsthatweredestroyedorheavilydamagedintheearthquakehadbeen GMAT题目（3）AstudycommissionedbytheDepartmentofAgricultureshowedthatifcalvesexerciseandassociatedwithothercalves,theywillrequirelessmedicationandgainweightquickerthandothoseraisedinconfinement.Aassociatedwithothercalves,theywillrequirelessmedicationandgainweightquickerthandoBassociatedwithothercalves,theyrequirelessmedicationandgainweightquickerthanCassociatedwithothercalves,theyrequiredlessmedicationandwillgainweightquickerthandoDassociatedwithothercalves,theyhaverequiredlessmedicationandwillgainweightmorequicklythandoEassociatedwithothercalves,theyrequirelessmedicationandgainweightquickerthanGMAT题目（4）Bufomarinustoads,fiercepredatorsthatwilleatfrogs,lizards,andevensmallbirds,arenativetoSouthAmericabutwereintroducedintoFloridaduringthe1930’sinanattempttocontrolpestsinthestate’svastsugarcanefields.AarenativetoSouthAmericabutwereintroducedintoFloridaduringthe1930’sinanattempttocontrolBarenativetoSouthAmericabutwereintroducedintoFloridaduringthe1930’sasattemptstocontrolCarenativetoSouthAmericabutwereintroducedintoFloridaduringthe1930’sinanattemptatcontrollingDhadbeennativetoSouthAmericabutwereintroducedintoFloridaduringthe1930’sasanattemptatcontrollingEhadbeennativesofSouthAmericabutwereintroducedtoFloridaduringthe1930’sasattemptsatcontrollingSince1986,whentheDepartmentofLaborbegantoallowinvestmentofficers’feestobebasedonhowthefundstheymanageperform,severalcorporationsbeganpayingtheirinvestmentadviserssmallbasicfee,withacontractpromisinghigherfeesifthemanagersperformwell.Ainvestmentofficers’feestobebasedonhowthefundstheymanageperform,severalcorporationsbeganBinvestmentofficers’feestobebasedontheperformanceofthefundstheymanage,severalcorporationsbeganCthatfeesofinvestmentofficersbebasedonhowthefundstheymanageperform,severalcorporationshavebegunDfeesofinvestmentofficerstobebasedontheperformanceofthefundstheymanage,severalcorporationshavebegunEthatinvestmentofficers’feestobebasedontheperformanceofthefundstheymanage,severalcorporationsbegan  九、名词性从句简单句的连接两个简单句的结合方式1.；2.并列连词：andbutforsonoryet3.连接副词：(1)also/besides/furthermore/inaddition/moreover/aswell/too(2)However/nevertheless/nonetheless/still(3)ontheotherhand/incontrast(4)otherwise(5)accordingly/asaresult/consequently/hence/therefore/thus知识点详解(1)名词性从句1.thatthatallsucceedinggoodthingsmerelyoffsetthebad主语isthetruthIsoonunderstand宾语Thetruthis表语Hereisthetruth同位语主语Thatallsucceedinggoodthingsmerelyoffsetthebadisthetruth知识点详解（2）名词性从句1.thatThatallsucceedinggoodthingsmerelyoffsetthebadisthetruth.Isoonunderstoodthatallsucceedinggoodthingsmerelyoffsetthebad.Thetruthisthatallsucceedinggoodthingsmerelyoffsetthebad.Hereisthetruththatallsucceedinggoodthingsmerelyoffsetthebad.名词性从句2.whetherwhether(ornot)hewasalive主语wasaquestionAphilosopheroncewondered宾语Thequestionwas表语Hereisthequestion同位语Whetherhewasaliveornotwasnotaquestion.Aphilosopheroncewonderedwhetherhewasaliveornot. Thequestionwaswhetherhewasaliveornot.Hereisthequestionwhetherhewasaliveornot.知识点详解（3）____wassaidandthoughtPeoplesaidandthought____Theoldspiritwas_____stillspeakstousWeget___Itis___Hereisthecontent___Whatwasthensaidandthoughtstillspeakstousasvividlyaseverfromtheprintedpage.Whatpeoplesaidandthoughtstillspeakstousasvividlyaseverfromtheprintedpage.Whattheoldspiritwasstillspeakstousasvividlyaseverfromtheprintedpage.WhatWhowhomWhichWhose填空练习名词性从句填空练习Itiswell___youngmenshouldbeginatthebeginningandoccupythemostsubordinatepositions.Theonlyeffectoftimehavebeentosiftoutthebadproducts,fornothingbut__isreallygoodinliteraturecanlongsurvive.Theword“winner”and“loser”havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmean____makessomeoneelselose.Tous,awinneris___respondsauthenticallybybeingerodible,trustworthy,responsive,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.Tofacelifeoravoidit,torealizethebeautyonlyortoacceptitsuglinessaswell,___areand___arenotissomethingonesoonenoughlearnsonone’sown.Butwithinallthischoicelessness,wedochoose__weshalllive:courageouslyorincowardice,honorablyordishonorably,withpurposeorindrift.托福阅读（1）Whatisparticularlyimportantisthatalthoughthematerialsavailabletoasocietymaytosome extentlimitorinfluencewhatitcandoartistically,thematerialsbynomeansdeterminewhatisdone.托福阅读（2）Thevariationbetweenthehemispherescorrespondstowhichsideofthebodyisusedtoperformspecificactivities.AndinSacramentoanexcavationatthesiteofafashionablenineteenth-centuryhotelrevealedthatgarbagehadbeenstashedinthebuilding’sbasementdespitesanitationlawstothecontrary.Whataudiencescametoseewasthetechnologicalmarvelofthemovies;thelifelikereproductionofthecommonofcommonplacemotionoftrains,ofwavesstrikingtheshoreandofpeoplewalkinginthestreet;andthemagicmadepossiblebytrickphotographyandthemanipulationofthecamera. 十、定语从句知识点详解（1）WhichEveryonehashisinherentpower.Theinherentpoweriseasilyconcealedbyhabits.Everyonehastheinherentpowerwhichiseasilyconcealedbyhabits.Everyonehashisinherentpower.Everyoneshouldexerthisinherentpower.Everyonehashisinherentpower(which)heshouldexert.Everyonehashisinherentpower.Thefundamentalstrengthishiinherentpower.Everyonehashisinherentpower(which)thefundamentalstrengthis.知识点详解（2）whoYoushouldspendlifewiththeman.Themanmakesyouhappy.Youshouldspendlifewiththemanwhomakesyouhappy.Youshouldn’tspendlifewiththeman. Youmustimpresstheman.Youshouldn’tspendtimewiththeman(whom)youmustimpress.Youshouldspendtimewiththeman.Thetruemanistheman.Youshouldspendtimewiththemanwhothetruemanis.when&whereItwasatime.Peoplelivedhappilyduringthattime.Itwasatimeduringwhich____peoplelivedhappily.Itwasaplace.Peoplelivedhappilyinthatplace.Itwasaplace____peoplelivedhappily.托福阅读（1）Withtheadventofprojection,theviewer’srelationshipwiththeimagewasnolongerprivate,asithadbeenwithearlierpeepshowdevicessuchastheKinetoscopeandtheMutoscope,whichwasasimilarmachinethatreproducedmotionbymeansofsuccessimagesonindividualphotographiccardsinsteadofonstripsofcelluloid.托福阅读（2）INareaswhereconsiderablesoilstillremains,though,arigorouslyenforcedprogramoflandprotectionandcover-cropplantingmaymakeitpossibletoreversethepresentdeteriorationofthesurface.Themethodsthatacommunitydevisestoperpetuateitselfcomeintobeingthepreserveaspectsoftheculturallegacythatthatcommunityperceivesasessential. 十一、状语从句知识点详解（1）（）youarebeautiful.Ilikeyou.知识点详解（2）几个特别的状语从句SinceSinceImetyou10yearsago,youhavealwaysbeeninmymind. Not…until…AmancannotbearealmanuntilhereachestheGreatWall.NotuntilhereachestheGreatWallcanamanbearealman.so..that../such…that..Sheissobeautifulthatyoucanhardlyresisther.Sobeautifulisshe…Sheissuchabeautifulwomanthatyoucanhardlyresisther.Suchabeautifulwomanisshethat…Wh/how+everNomatter+wh/howNomatterwhoyouare,youhaveyourownchoices.Whoeveryouare,youhaveyourownchoices. 十二、定语和状语从句GMAT语法题目(1)BeatrixPotter,inherbookillustrations,carefullycoordinatingthemwithhernarratives,capitalizedonherkeenobservationandloveofthenaturalworld.ABeatrixPotter,inherbookillustrations,carefullycoordinatingthemwithhernarratives.Binherbookillustrations,carefullycoordinatingthemwithhernarratives,BeatrixPotterCinherbookillustrations,whichshecarefullycoordinatedwithhernarratives,BeatrixPotterDcarefullycoordinatedwithhernarratives,BeatrixPotter,inherbookillustrationsEBeatrixPotter,inherbookillustrations,carefullycoordinatedthemwithhernarrativesandGMAT语法题目(2)(3)Newhardyvarietiesofriceshowpromiseofproducinghighyieldswithoutthecostlyrequirementsofirrigationandapplicationofcommercialfertilizerbyearlierhigh-yieldingvarieties.Arequirementsofirrigationandapplicationofcommercialfertilizerbyearlierhigh-yieldingvarietiesBrequirementsbyearlierhigh-yieldingvarietiesofapplicationofcommercialfertilizerandirrigationCrequirementsforapplicationofcommercialfertilizerandirrigationofearlierhigh-yieldingvarietiesDapplicationofcommercialfertilizerandirrigationthatwasrequiredbyearlierhigh-yieldingvarieties Eirrigationandapplicationofcommercialfertilizerthatwererequiredbyearlierhigh-yieldingvarietiesSincethe1930’saircraftmanufacturershavetriedtobuildairplaneswithfrictionlesswings,shapedsosmoothlyandperfectlythattheairpassingoverthemwouldnotbecometurbulent.Awings,shapedsosmoothlyandperfectlyBwings,wingssosmoothandsoperfectlyshapedCwingsthatareshapedsosmoothandperfectDwings,shapedinsuchasmoothandperfectmannerEwings,wingshavingbeenshapedsmoothlyandperfectlysoGMAT语法题目(4)(5)ScientistshaveobservedlargeconcentrationsofheavymetaldepositsintheuppertwentycentimetersofBalticSeasediments,whichareconsistentwiththegrowthofindustrialactivitythere.ABalticSeasediments,whichareconsistentwiththegrowthofindustrialactivitiesthereBBalticSeasediments,wherethegrowthofindustrialactivityisconsistentwiththesefindingsCBalticSeasediments,findingsconsistentwithitsgrowthofindustrialactivityDsedimentsfromtheBalticSea,findingsconsistentwiththegrowthofindustrialactivityintheareaEsedimentsfromtheBalticSea,consistentwiththegrowthofindustrialactivitythereThecamerasofVoyagerIIspacecraftdetectedsixsmall,previouslyunseenmoonscirclingUranus,whichdoublesto12thenumberofsatellitesnowknownasorbitingthedistantplanet.Awhichdoublesto`12thenumberofsatellitesnowknownasorbitingBdoublingto12thenumberoforbitingofsatellitesnowknowntoorbitCwhichdoublesto12thenumberofsatellitesnowknowninorbitaroundDdoublingto12thenumberofsatellitesnowknownasorbitingEwhichdoublesto12thenumberofsatellitesnowknownthatorbitGMAT语法题目(6)（7）ProponentsofartificialintelligencesaytheywillbeabletomakecomputersthatcanunderstandEnglishandotherhumanlanguages,recognizeobjects,andreasonasanexpertdoes-computersthatwillbeusedtodiagnoseequipmentbreakdowns,decidingwhethertoauthorizealoanorotherpurposessuchasthese.Aasanexpertdoes-computersthatwillbeusedtodiagnoseequipmentbreakdowns,decidingwhethertoauthorizealoanorotherpurposessuchastheseBasanexpertdoes,whichmaybeusedforpurposessuchasdiagnosingequipmentbreakdowns,ordecidingwhethertoauthorizealoanClikeanexpert-computersthatwillbeusedforsuchpurposesasdiagnosingequipmentbreakdownsordecidingwhethertoauthorizealoan Dlikeanexpert,theuseofwhichwouldbeforpurposeslikethediagnosisofequipmentbreakdownsorthedecisionwhetherornotaloanshouldbeauthorizedElikeanexperttobeusedtodiagnoseequipmentbreakdowns,decidingwhethertoauthorizealoanornot,orthelikeDuringthenineteenthcenturyEmilyEdenandFannyParksjourneyedthroughoutIndia,sketchingandkeepingjournalsformingthebasisofnewsreportsabouttheprincelystateswheretheyhadvisited.AformingthebasisofnewsreportsabouttheprincelystateswheretheyhadvisitedBthatwereformingthebasisofnewsreportsabouttheprincelystatesCtoformthebasisofnewsreportsabouttheprincelystateswhichtheyhaveDwhichhadformedthebasisofnewsreportsabouttheprincelystateswheretheyhadEthatformedthebasisthenewsreportsabouttheprincelystatestheyAlthoughschistosomiasisisnotoftenfatal,itissodebilitatingthatithasbecomeaneconomicdrainonmanydevelopingcountries.AitissodebilitatingthatithasbecomeaneconomicBitisofsuchdebilitation,ithasbecomeaneconomicalCsodebilitatingisitastobecomeaneconomicDsuchisitsdebilitation,itbecomesaneconomicalEthereissomuchdebilitationthatithasbecomeaneconomical 十三、分词托福阅读题目Thesamethinghappenstothisday,thoughonasmallerscale,whereverasedimentladenriverorstreamemergesfromamountainvalleyontorelativelyflatland,droppingitsloadasthecurrentslows:thewaterusuallyspreadsoutfanwise,depositingthesedimentintheformofasmooth,fan-shapedslope.Democratsattractedfarmersisolatedfromthemarketoruncomfortablewithit,workersalienatedfromtheemergingindustrialsystem,andrisingentrepreneurswhowantedtobreakmonopoliesandopentheeconomytonewcomerslikethemselves.GMAT语法题目（1）（2）Spanningmorethanfiftyyears,FriedrichMillerbeganhiscareerinanunpromisingapprenticeshipasaSanskritscholarandculminatedinvirtuallyevenhonorthatEuropeangovernmentsandlearnedsocietiescouldbestow.AMillerbeganhiscareerinanunpromisingapprenticeshipasBMiller’scareerbeganinanunpromisingapprenticeshipasCMiller’scareerbeganwiththeunpromisingapprenticeshipofbeing DMillerhadbegunhiscareerwiththeunpromisingapprenticeshipofbeingEthecareerofMillerhasbegunwithanunpromisingapprenticeshipofUsingaDopplerultrasounddevice,fetalheartbeatscanbedetectedbythetwelfthweekofpregnancy.AUsingaDopplerultrasounddevice,fetalheartbeatscanbedetectedbythetwelfthweekofpregnancy.BFetalheartbeatscanbedetectedbythetwelfthweekofpregnancy,usingaDopplerultrasounddevice.CDetectingfetalheartbeatsbythetwelfthweekofpregnancy,aphysiciancanuseaDopplerultrasounddevice.DBythetwelfthweekofpregnancy,fetalheartbeatscanbedetectedusingaDopplerultrasounddevicebyaphysician.EUsingaDopplerultrasounddevice,aphysiciancandetectfetalheartbeatsbythetwelfthweekofpregnancy.GMAT语法题目（3）（4）Alaskaregularlydepositssomeofitsprofitsfromthesaleofoilintoaspecialfund,withtheintentiontosustainthestate’seconomyaftertheexhaustionofitsoilreserves.Afund,withtheintentiontosustainthestate’seconomyaftertheexhaustionofitsoilreservesBfund,theintentionofwhichistosustainthestate’seconomyaftertheyhaveexhaustedtheiroilreservesCfundintendedtosustainthestate’seconomyafteroilreservesareexhaustedDfundintendedtosustainthestate’seconomyafterexhaustingitsoilreservesEfundthattheyintendtosustainthestate’seconomyafteroilreservesareexhaustedOrganizedin1966bytheFishandWildlifeService,theBreedingBirdSurveyusesannualroadsidecountsalongestablishedroutesformonitoringofpopulationchangesofasmanyas,orofmorethan250birdspecies,including180songbirds.Aformonitoringofpopulationintochangesofasmanyas,orofBtomonitorpopulationchangesofasmany,orCtomonitorchangesinthepopulationsofDthatmonitorspopulationchangesofEthatmonitorschangesinpopulationsofasmanyas,or 十四、平行结构知识点详解平行结构定义：同一句子位置，反复出现同一个结构词、短语、从句、句子Ihaveadream,theimagination,thepowerandthemotiveforce. Ihaveadream,sobeautiful,soromantic,soattractive.Hekeepsmoving,sofirmly,sodedicatedly,soconstructively.Springisinthelittlestream,onthebranchesandatthecornersofeverystreet.Lovehasnootherdesirebuttofulfillitself.Butifyouloveandmusthavedesires,letthesebeyourdesires:Tomeltandbelikearunningbrookthatsingsitsmelodytonight.Toknowthepainoftoomuchtenderness.Tobewoundedbyyourownunderstandingoflove;Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted,andeveryhillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbemadeplain,andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight;”andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealedandallfleshshallseeittogether.”平行结构BothandBetweenandNotonlybutalsoeitherorneithernorSAT语法题目(1)(2)Mostdriversknownotonlythatexcessivespeedingonhighwayswastesgasoline,butalsothatitisdangerous.AknownotonlythatexcessivespeedingonhighwayswastesBknowthatexcessivespeedingonhighwayscouldbewastefulofCareknowledgethatexcessivespeedingonhighwaysnotonlywastesDhaveknownthatexcessivespeedingonhighwayswastesnotonlyEknowthatexcessivespeedingonhighwaysnotonlybyitselfcanwasteThoughheavilydependentonthegovernmentforbusinessandinformationwhileuniversitiessupplythespaceresearchcenterwithtalent,asacorporationitremainsindependentofboth.Ainformationwhileuniversitiessupplythespaceresearchcenterwithtalent,asacorporationitremainsBinformationandontalentbyuniversities,thespaceresearchcenter,acorporationCinformationandonuniversitiesfortalent,thespaceresearchcenterisacorporationDinformation,universitiessupplythespaceresearchcenterwithtalent,butisacorporationEinformation,universitiessupplythespaceresearchcenterwithtalent,whileremainsacorporationGMAT语法题目(3)（4）ManifestationsofIslamicpoliticalmilitaryinthefirstperiodofreligiousreformismweretheriseoftheWahhabisinArabia,theSanusiinCyrenaica,theFulaniinNigeria,theMahdiintheSudan, andthevictoryofUsuli“mujtahids”inShiiteIranandIraq.BManifestationsofIslamicpoliticalmilitaryinthefirstperiodofreligiousreformismwereshownintheriseoftheWahhabisinArabia,theSanusiinCyrenaica,theFulaniinNigeria,theMahdiintheSudan,andalsoCInthefirstperiodofreligiousreformism,manifestationsofIslamicpoliticalmilitancyweretheriseoftheWahhabisinArabia,oftheSanusiinCyrenaica,theFulaniinNigeria,theMahdiintheSudanandDInthefirstperiodofreligiousreformism,manifestationsofIslamicpoliticalmilitancywereshownintheriseoftheWahhabisinArabia,oftheSanusiinCyrenaica,theFulaniinNigeria,theMahdiintheSudanandEInthefirstperiodofreligiousreformism,IslamicpoliticalmilitancywasmanifestedintheriseoftheWahhabisinArabia,oftheSanusiinCyrenaica,theFulaniinNigeria,theMahdiintheSudanandinFromthetimeofitsdefeatbytheGermansin1940untilitsliberationin1944,Francewasabitteranddividedcountry:akindofcivilwarragedintheVichygovernmentbetweenthosewhowantedtocollaboratewiththeNaziswiththosewhoopposedthem.AbetweenthosewhowantedtocollaboratewiththeNaziswiththosewhoopposedBbetweenthosewhowantedtocollaboratewiththeNazisandthosewhoopposedCbetweenthosewantingtocollaboratewiththeNaziswiththeopposingDamongthosewhowantedtocollaboratewiththeNazisandthosewhoopposedEamongthosewantingtocollaboratewiththeNaziswiththoseopposing