人教版八年级上册英语语法大全 23页

人教版八年级上册英语语法大全1.否定句型1)一般否定句Idon"tknowthis.Nonewsisgoodnews.Thereisnoperson(smoke)/notaperson/notanyperson(smoke)inthehouse.2)特指否定Hewenttohisoffice,nottoseehim.Iamsorryfornotcomingontime.Idon"tthink/believe/suppose/feel/imagineyouareright.3)部分否定Alltheanswersarenotright//AllisnotgoldthatglittersIdon"tknowallofthem.//Ican"tseeeverybody/everything.Bothofthemarenotright.4)全体否定Noneofmyfriendssmoke.//Icanseenothing/nobody.Neitherofthemisright.//Nothingcanbesosimpleasthis.5)延续否定Youdidn"tseehim,neither/nordidI.Youdon"tknow,Idon"tknoweither.Hedoesn"tknowEnglish,letalone/tosaynothingof/nottospeakof(更不用说)French.6)半否定句Weseldom/hardly/scarcely/barelyhearsuchfinesinging.IknowlittleEnglish.Isawfewpeople.7)双重否定Youcan"tmakesomethingoutofnothing.//What"sdonecannotbeundone.Thereisnosweetwithoutsweat.//Nogainwithoutpains.Ican"thelp/keep/laughingwheneverIhearit.Nomanissooldbut(that)hecanlearn.8)排除否定Everyoneisreadyexceptyou.//Hedidnothingbutplay.Butforyourhelp,Icouldn"tdoit.9)加强否定Iwon"tdoitatall.//Ican"tseeitanymore.//Heisnolongeraboy.2.判断句型1)一般判断句ItisimportantforustolearnEnglish.Itiskindofyoutohelpmesinceremeanshonest.Theboyiscalled/namedTom.Weregarded/consideritasanhonor.2)强调判断ItisEnglishthatweshouldlearn.//Itishewhohelpedmealot.3)弱式判断 Yoursentencedoesn"tsound/look/appear/feelright.Youlook/seemasif/asthoughtyouhadbeentherebefore.Maybe/Perhaps/sheisill.Heisprobablyill.//Heislikelyill.//Itispossiblethatheislate4)注释判断HecanremembersomanyEnglishwords,thatis(tosay)heisalivingdictionary.(活字典)5)正反判断Thatsoundsallright,butinfactitisnot.6)比较判断Itismoreapicturethanapoem.7)互斥判断Heoryouarewrong.EitherheisrightorIam.3.祝愿祁使句式1)一般句式Studyhardandkeepfit.Bebrave!Don"tbeshy!Getoutofhere.2)强语式Dotellme.Nevertellalie.3)委婉祈使句Pleasetellmethetrue.Would/Will/Won"tdomeafavor?Would/Doyoumindmysmoking?What/How/aboutgoingonfoot?4)建议祈使句Letusgo.Letusknowthetime.Don"tletthefireout.Let"snotwastethetime.You"dbetterstartearly.Shallwelistentosomemusic?Whydon"tyougetsomethingtodrink?Suppose/supposingyoupickmeupataboutsix?Isuggestwe(should)takethetrain.5)祝愿句Successtoyou!//Wishyouagoodjourney.Mayyouhaveahappymarriage.//Here"stoyoursuccess!Allowmetoproposeatoasttoourfriendship!4.感叹句型Howwellhespeaks!//Howkindsheis!//Whataniceweatheritis!Herehecomes!//Suchislife!//Wonderful!//Help!5.疑问句型1)一般疑问句Isheadoctor?//Doyouthewaytothestation?2)反意疑问句Heisateacher,isn"the?//Itisquitecheap,don"tyouthink?3)特殊疑问句Whatisthedistance/width/size/population/temperature/fare?Whoishe?Whatishe?(干什么的)//Whatishelike?//Howishe? Howdoyoulikehim?//Whatdoyouthinkofhim?Whateverdoyoumeanbysayingthis?4)选择疑问句Heisadoctororanurse?5)间接疑问句Doyouknowhowoldheis?//Tellmeif(whether)youlikeit.Whatdoyouthink/say/supposeIshoulddo?6.数词句型1)表数目Itisexactlyteno"clock.//Itisfivemilesawayfromhere.Heismorethan/over/atleastnotlessthan20.Heisunder/atmost/nomorethan20.2)表年月日HewasbornonApril221994/in1994onthemorningofOct.1.3)表年龄Heis20yearsold/yearsofage.//Heisattheageof10.4)表倍数Itisfourtimesthatoflastyears.Thisisfourtimesasbig(again)asthatone.Thisisfourtimesbiggerthanthatone.Theincomeisdoublewhatitwas.Theoutputofcoalwas200%greaterthanin1998.5)表计量Itis10meterslong/wide/high.//Itcostsme100yuan.Ispent10hourstofinishit.//Ittookme10daystofinishit.Itisworth100yuan.7.关联指代句型1)两项关连Ihavetwobooks,oneisChinese;theotherEnglish.Ihavefivebooks,oneisChinese;theothersEnglish.Tosayisonething,but/and/todoisanother.Onetheonehand,Iamyourteacher,andontheotherhand,Iamalsoyoufriend.Someliketoplayfootball,othersarefondofbasketball.2)先后顺序First/firstly,Iwishgoodhealth,second/secondlysuccessinyourstudy,third/thirdlygoodluckineverything.Firststop,thenlook,finallycross.Atfirst/inthebeginning/hewordhard.Later/Afterwardsheisnotsodiligent.3)修饰限制ThisisthesamebookasIlostyesterday.ThisisthesamebookthatIlostyesterday.(同一本书)Don"ttrustsuchamanasoverpraiseyou. He/One/Those/Theywhoshouldcomefailedtoappear.Aman/Aperson/Theone/Anyone/Peoplewhosawherlikedherverymuch.Theday/time/momentwillcomewhenChinaisstrongestintheworld.4)两项连接HecanspeaknotonlyEnglishbutalsoFrench.Thebookisbothinterestingandinstructive.Itisneithercoldnorhot.Pleaseeithercomeinorgoout.Theoldworkerhasexperienceandknowledgeaswell.5)加和关系Besidesliterature,wehavegrammarandwriting.Apartfromoxygen,therearesomeothergasesintheair.Inadditionto"if",thereismanyotherconjunctionsthatcanintroduceconditionalclauses.Imustgonow,incidentally,ifyouwantthatbook.Youseemtoliketea,sodoI.8.比较句型1)等比句HeisastallasI.//HeisthesameheightasI.Sheisnolessdiligentthanhe.Thelabisnobetterthanacottage.2)差比句IspeakEnglishworsethanhedoes.//Heisnotso/astallasIam.Ourknowledgeismuchinferiortotheir.3)极比句Heisthetallestofallintheclass.None/Noone/issoblindasthosethatwon"tsee.Nothingissoeasyasthis.4)比例句Themoreamanknows,themorehefeelshisignorance(无知).5)择比句HeistallerthananyotherboyintheclassItisbetterlatethannever.//TheywoulddiethanliveasslavesHeprefersdoingtotalking//Hepreferstodoratherthantotalk.HeprefersmathematicstoEnglish.//I"dratherstayhere.6)对比句Youthinkmeidle,butonthecontrary,Iambusy.Theyareworkinghardwhileyouarewastingyourtime.9.比喻句型Wemustworklikehim.//Hebehavesashisfatherdoes.HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewasaforeigner.10.条件假设句1)一般事实Ifwesucceed,whatwillthepeoplesay? Supposeitrains,whatshallwedo?Persevere(坚持)andyou"llsucceed.2)虚拟条件句IfIwereyou,Iwouldgo.//Ifyouhadseenit,youwouldhavebeenmoved.3)反条件句Unlessyoutry,you"llneversucceed.//Don"tmove,or/else/otherwiseI"llshot.4)唯一条件句IfonlyIhaveanotherchance,Ishalldobetter.OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.So/Aslongaswedon"tloseheart,we"llsucceed.5)推论条件句Sincethatisso,thereisnomoretosay.Nowthatyouaregrownup,youmuststopthisbehavior.11.时间句型1)一般时WhenIseehim,I"lltellhim.2)表同时You"llgrowwiserasyougrowolder.Workwhileyouwork,playwhileyouplay.Heworked,atthesame/inthemeantimehelistenedtothemusic.3)限制时Every/eachtimewhenIwenttohishouse,hewasout.Bythetimethatwegotthere,hewasout.4)交替时Sometimeshesings,sometimeshedances.Atonetimethebabycries,atanotherittalks.5)先时Istoppedhembeforehebegantotalkwithme.6)后时I"lltellyouafterIfinishit.7)紧接时AssoonasIseehim,I"lltellhim.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.The(very)moment/instant(that)Isawhim,Irecognizedhim.Onhearingthenews,shebustintotears.HardlyhadIseenthelight,whenIheardaloudthundering.8)延续时Ihaven"tseenhimsinceIcamehere.Afriendisneverknowtill/untilamanhaveneed.12.地点句型1)一般地点Wherehaveyoubeen? Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.2)方位HebeiliesintheeastofChina.JapanisliestotheeastofChina.Thehousefaces(to)thesouth.HeissittingatthefrontoftheclassroomHeisstandinginfrontof/beforeme.Heissittingatthebackof/behindme.Heissittinginthebackof/attherearoftheclassroom.Heissittingnextto/besidesme.Heissittingcloseto/nearme.Atthetopof/Ontopoftheshelf,therearesomebooks.Heissittingontheleft/right.ThemountainyouseetotherightisthePurpleMountain.13.原因句型Hedidn"tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.Sinceweareallhere,let"sbeginourmeeting.Itmightrainyesterday,forthegroundwaswet.Now(that)wehavefinishedthework,wecangohome.Iamgladtomeetyou.IamsorrythatIhearthat.Thankyouforyourhelp.Thatiswhyhefailedtocome.Hedidn"tcomebecauseof/onaccountoftheweather.Hewentoutofcuriosity.Isucceededthankstohishelp.Thisfailureisduetothefacttheylackexperience.Owingtoourjointefforts,thetaskwasfulfilled.WhatarestudyingEnglishfor?Forwhatreasondidyouchoosethis?What"sthepointofaskinghistodothat?Howcomeyounevertoldmeaboutit?Whatwiththewindandwhatwiththerain,ourwalkwasspoiled.14.目的句型Hestoppedasidesothatshecouldgoin.Hesitsinthefrontinorderthathecanseewordsclearly.Hegetsupearlysoasto/inordertohavetimetodoexercises.Herepeateditforfearthatthereshouldbeanymistake.15.结果句型Itwasverycold,sothattheriverfroze.Theycostalotofmoney,so/thereforeweusethemcarefully. Heissuchagoodmanthateveryonelikeshim.Heransofastthatnoonecouldcatchhim.Hehurriedtothehouseonlytofindthatitwasempty.Iwascaughtintherain.Asaresult,Ihadabadcold.16.程度句型Howoftendoyouwritetoyourparents?Howlongdoyoustayathome?Itissobeautifulthatweallloveit.Itistoobigforyou.Heistooexcitedtospeak.Heisnotoldenoughtoknowthis.ThelettermustbesentassoonaspossibleYoumustworkashardasyoucan.AsfarasIknow,IcanspeakonlyEnglish.17.让步句型Though/Althoughheisrich,(yet/still)hedoesn"tshowoff.Yangasheis,heknowalotofthings.Evenif/thoughhesucceeded,hewasnotproud.Nomatterwhatyousay,I"llstilltrytodoit.Keepcalm,whateverhappens.Inspiteofthis,wemustgoaheadwithourplans.Regardlessofallthedifficulties,we"llfightitouttotheend.18.转折句型Isearchedeverywherebutcouldnotfindhim.Youmaygo,onlyreturnquickly.Heisseriouslyill,stillthereishopeofhisrecovery.Itlookedlikerain,howeveritwasclearintheafternoon.Heisstillyoung,yetheishighupintheposition.Hedidn"ttellmethetruth,Iknowit,though.19.省略句Ithink/say/suppose/expect/believe/hopeso.Whynotcomeearliernexttime?反义疑问句（TheDisjunctiveQuestion）又叫附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。1．陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式2．陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 Theyworkhare,don’tthey?Shewasillyesterday,wasn’tshe?Youdidn’tgo,didyou?Hecan’trideabike,canhe?请注意以下句型的反义疑问句的用法：1．当陈述部分的主语是I,everyone,everything,nobody时，后面的疑问句应表示为：Iamastudent,aren’tIEveryoneisintheclassroom,aren’tthey?Everythingbeginstogrowinspring,doesn’tit?Nobodywillgo,willthey?2.当陈述部分有never，seldom,hardly，few，little，barely,scarcely,nothing等否定词时，后面的疑问句则表示为：Therearefewapplesinthebasket,arethere?Hecanhardlyswim,canhe?Theyseldomcomelate,dothey?3.当陈述部分是Ithink加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。Ithinkchickenscanswim,can’tthey?IthinkLucyisagoodgirl,isn’tshe?Ididn"tthinkhewashappy,washe?4.陈述部分有hadbetter时，疑问句应用hadn’t开头：you’dbettergetupearly,hadn’tyou? 5.当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达：Let’sgooutforawalk,shallwe?Letusgoourforawalk,willyou?Turnontheradio,willyou?6.反义疑问句的回答用yes，no，但是，当陈述部分是否定形式时，回答要按事实。如：Theydon’tworkhard,dothey?他们不太努力工作，是吗？Yes,theydo.不，他们工作努力。/No,theydon’t.对，他们工作不努力。一、反意疑问句的一般情况1．当陈述部分的主语是：等everyone,everybody,someone,noone,nobody,somebody合成代词时，附加疑问句的主语非正式文体中往往they用。（也可以按语法一致原则用单数。）2．当陈述部分以one不定代词做主语时，附加问句的主语在正式常场用one，非正式场合用he。3．当陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、从句、this或that，附加疑问句的主语用it。（是those,these则用they）4．当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词everything,anything,nothing等，附加问句的主语用it。5．陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词，例如：never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,no,none,noone,rarely,nowhere,nothing,nobody,few,little等，附加疑问句的动词要用肯定形式。6．如果陈述部分中的否定词仅带有否定的前缀或后缀，那么该陈述句应作肯定句处理，附加疑问句应用否定形式。二、常见句型的反意疑问句7．当陈述部分是therebe存在句型时，附加疑问句的主语也用there。8．感叹句的附加疑问句，其谓语要求用否定句。9．祈使句后面的附加疑问句问题A)祈使句是否定形式，附加疑问句只能用willyou。B)祈使句是肯定形式，附加疑问句用肯定、否定均可。C)Let开头的祈使句要注意：1.Let’s在意义上包含谈话的对方在内，表示提出建议或征求对方意见，其反意疑问句往往用shallwe。 2.Letus在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内，表示请求对方允许做某事的含义，let有allow的意思。附加疑问部分用willyou。3.Letme开头表示请求，附加疑问句用willyou，或用mayI。三、复合句的反意疑问句10．当陈述部分是一个（带that引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时，附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是，当陈述部分的主语是：Isuppose,Ithink,Ibelieve,Iimagine,Iexpect等结构时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。11．当陈述部分是I’msurethat,；wearesure；I’mafraidthat；Wearesurethat；Ifeelsurethat等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。12．当陈述部分是并列句时，附加疑问句的主谓语要和离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。四、关于情态动词的反意疑问句13．陈述部分中有have一词，且表示“所有”含义时，附加疑问句部分既可用have也可用do。14．陈述部分中有haveto，附加疑问句部分用do。15．含有oughtto的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn"t/oughtn"t+主语。Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughtn"the?/shouldn"the?16．陈述部分有usedto，附加疑问句部分可用used也可以用did。17．陈述部分有needn’t时，附加疑问句部分用need但有时也可用must。18．陈述部分有must，且表示“必须”时，附加疑问句部分用mustn’t，如果表示“必要”则用needn’t。19．陈述部分中是mustn’t表示“禁止”时，附加疑问句部分用must。陈述部分中的must表示“一定”、“想必”等推测意义时，附加疑问句部分而是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。20．陈述部分是Iwish，表示询问或征求意见，附加疑问部分用mayI。21．弄清陈述句中的’drather=wouldrather；’dbetter=hadbetter附加疑问句部分前者用would，后者用had。其它特殊结构的反意疑问句22．陈述部分的主语是eachof...结构时，附加疑问句在强调整体时用they，当作个别时用he。 23．陈述部分有neither...nor...(either...or...)做并列主语，附加疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?24．陈述部分是：I’m....结构，附加疑问句一般用aren’tI?25.陈述部分有hadbetter+v.疑问句部分用hadn"tyou?You"dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn"tyou?26.陈述部分有wouldrather+v.，疑问部分多用wouldn"t+主语。Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn"the?27.陈述部分有You"dliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldn"t+主语。You"dliketogowithme,wouldn"tyou?28.带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need(dare)+主语。Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?Hedarenotsayso,dareyou?当dare,need为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do+主语。Shedoesn"tdaretogohomealone,doessh人教版的总结初中英语词组总结1.(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listento、lookat(感官动词)+doeg:Ilikewatchingmonkeysjump2.（比较级and比较级）表示越来越怎么样3.apieceofcake=easy小菜一碟（容易）4agreewithsb赞成某人5.allkindsof各种各样akindof一样6allovertheworld=thewholeworld整个世界7.alongwith同……一道，伴随……eg:Iwillgoalongwithyou我将和你一起去thestudentsplantedtreesalongwiththeirteachers学生同老师们一起种树8.Assoonas一怎么样就怎么样9asyoucansee你是知道的10.askfor……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg:askyouformybook11.asksbforsth向某人什么12.asksbtodosth询问某人某事asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事13.attheageof在……岁时eg：IamsixteenIamattheageofsixteen14.atthebeginningof…………的起初；……的开始15.attheendof+地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg:Attheendoftheday16.atthistimeofyear在每年的这个时候17be/feelconfidentofsth/thatclause+从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信eg:Iam/feelconfidentofmyspokenEnglishIfeelthatIcanpassthetest18.be+doing表：1现在进行时2将来时 19.beableto(+v原)=can(+v原）能够……eg:SheisabletosingShecansing20.beabletodosth能够干什么eg:sheisabletosing21.beafraidtodo(ofsth恐惧，害怕……eg:I"mafraedtogooutatnightI"mafraidofdog22.beallowedtodo被允许做什么eg:I"mallowedtowatchTV我被允许看电视IshouldbeallowedtowatchTV我应该被允许看电视23.beangrywithsb生某人的气eg:Don"tbeangrywithme24.beangrywith(at)sbfordoingsth为什么而生某人的气25.beas…原级…as和什么一样eg:Sheisastallasme她和我一样高26.beashamedto27.beawayfrom远离28.beawayfrom从……离开29.bebadfor对什么有害eg:Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好30.beborn出生于31.bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于……32.becareful当心；小心33.bedifferentfrom……和什么不一样34.befamousfor以……著名35.befriendlytosb对某人友好36.befrom=comefrom来自eg：HeisfromBejingHecomesfromBejingIshefromBejing?DoeshecomefromBejing?37.befullof装满……的befilledwith充满eg:theglassisfullofwatertheglassisfilledwithwater38.beglad+to+do/从句39.begoingto+v(原）将来时40.begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善长,善于……41.begoodfor对什么有好处eg:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish42.behappytodo很高兴做某事43behelpfultosb对某人有好处eg:Readingaloudishelpfultoyou大声朗读对你有好处Exercisingishelpfultoyourbady锻炼对你的身体有好处44.beingoodhealth身体健康45.beintrouble处于困难中eg:SheisintroubleTheyareintronble46.beinterestedin对某方面感兴趣47.belatefor=comelateto迟到eg:Belateforclass上课迟到48.belike像……eg:I"mlikemymother49.bemadat生某人的气50.bemadefrom由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)51.bemadeof由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52benotsure表不确定53.beonavisitto参观54bepopularwithsb受某人欢迎55.bequiet安静56beshortfor表**的缩写eg:陶isshortfor陶俊杰57.besickinbed生病在床58besorrytodosthbesorryforsbeg:Iamsorryforyou59.besorrytohearthat60besorrytotroublesbeg:Iamsorrytotroubleyou 61.bestrictindoingsth严于做某事eg:He"sstrictinobeyingnoles62.bestrictwithsb对某人要求严格eg:Somestudentsarenotstrictwiththemselves这些学生对自己不严格63.bestrictwithsbinsth某方面对某人严格64besupposedtodo被要求干什么65.besure表确定66besureofdoingsth对做某事有信心eg:HeissureofwinningIamsureoflearningEnglishwell67.besureofsth对做某事有信心eg:I"msureofmyhead(myteacher我相信我的大脑（老师）68.besurethatsth对做某事有信心eg:I"msuerthathecanpassthetest我相信他能通过考试69.besuretodosth一定会做某事eg:Wearesuretopassthetest我们一定会通过这次考试WearesuretolearnEnglishwell我们一定能学好英语70.beterrifiedof+名/动doing害怕……71.beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事72.bethesameas…和什么一样73.beusedtodoingsth习惯做某事eg:Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly我爸爸习惯早Heisusedtosleepinginclass他习惯上课睡觉74.beworthdoing值得做什么75.be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某物beafraidthat丛句76.because+句子becauseof+短语eg:HewaslatebecausehehadaheadacheHewaslatebecauseofhisheadache77.begintodo=starttodo开始做某事start…with…=begin…with…以什么开始什么eg:Let"sbeginthegamewiththesongIbegintogohome78.between…and…两者之间79.borrowsthfromsb向……借……lendsthtosb(lendsbsth借给……什么东西eg:Iborrowedapenfromhimhelentapentome(helentmeapen80.both=thesame(as)=notdifferent(from)表相同81.bother打扰bothersbtodostheg:I"msorrytobotheryou,butcanyoutellmetowaytothestation我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks这个问题困扰了我几个周了He"sbotheringmetolendhimmoney82.bytheendof到……为止83.callsbstheg:Wecallhimoldwang84.care关心eg:Don"tyoucareaboutthiscountry"sfuture?你为什么不关心国家的未来85.catchupwithsb赶上某人86.chatwithsb和某人闲谈takesbto+地点带某人去某地87.comein进88.comeoverto过来89.comeupwith提出eg:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea你能想出一个好办法吗？90.communicatewithsb和某人交流91.consider+doing考虑做什么eg:Whynotconsidergoingtoluzhou为什么不考虑去泸州？92.danceto随着……跳舞eg:Shelikesdancingtothemusic她喜欢随着音乐跳舞93.decidetodosth决定做某事94.doasurveyof做某方面的调查 95.dobetterin在……方面做得更好96.dowrong做错97.Don"tforgettodosth不要忘了做某事98.Don"tmind+doing/从句/名词不要介意……99.each+名（单）每一个…eg:Eachstudenthasmanybooks每一个学生都有一些书100.endup+doing101.enjoy+doing喜欢102.escapefrom从……逃跑eg:Theprisonershaveescapedfromtheprison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来103.expecttodosth期待做某事104.falldown摔下来falloff从哪摔下来105.fallinlovewithsb/sth爱上什么106.farfrom离某地远eg:Theschoolisfarfrommyhome107find+it+adj+todo发现做某事怎么样108findsb/sth+adj发现什么怎么样eg:Ifindthebookinteresting109.finish完成+doing（名词）110.fittosb=befitforsb适合某人111.forgettodo没有做而忘了forgetdoing做了而又忘了eg:Don"tforgettogohomeIforgetclosingdoor112.112from…to…从某某到某某eg:Frommeforher113get/havesthdown做完，被（别人）做…eg:Ihavemyhaircut我理了发(头发被剪了）Tomgothisbadtoothpulledout汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）114getapart-timejob=findapart-timejob115getalongwellwithsb=getonwellwithsb与某人相处得好116getalongwithsb=getonwithsb与某人相处117getreadyfor=bereadyfor为什么而准备eg:IgetreadyformathIamreadyformath118getsbintotrouble给某人麻119getsbtodosth120get…from…从某处得到某物121giveatalk做报告eg:Heisgiveatall122givesthtosbgivesbsth给某人某物123gofish钓鱼goswimming游泳124goontodo去做下一件事goondoing继续做这件事125gooutawayfromgooutof126gotoschool上学（用于专业的）gototheschool去学校（不一定是上学）127goodwayto好方法128hatetodo讨厌没做过的事hatedoing讨厌做过的事129haveapartyforsb举办谁的晚会130haveatalk听报告谈一谈131havebeendoing现在完成进行时eg:YouhavebeentalkingYouhavebeensleepingsince132havebeento…(地方）……去过某过地方havegoneto…（地方）去了某地还没回来133havefun+doing玩得高兴134havesthtodo有什么事要做eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo我有很多家庭作业要做Ihavenothingtodo 我没什么事情做135havetodosth必须做某事136havetrouble(problem)(in)doingsth做什么事情有麻烦137have…time+doing138have…(时间)…off放……假eg:Ihavemonthoff我请一个月得假139hearsb+do/doing听见某人做某事/正在做某事140helpalot很大用处141helpsbwithsthone"ssth帮助某人某事（某方面）helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事142hopetodosth希望做某事143Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)144howdoyoulike=whatdoyouthinkof你对什么的看法145if:是否＝wethereg:Idon"tknowif(wether)Ishouldgototheparty我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会Hedon"tknowif(wether)wewillarriveontimetomorrowmorning他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达146if:如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句eg:I"llgotoLuZhouifitdoes"train假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州Iftheychangetheplantheywillletmeknow假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的I"llgotoEngland,ifIhaveenoughmoneynextyear如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国147inone"sopinion=sbthink某人认为148insomeways在某些方面149intheend=finally(adv)最后150inthenorthof…什么在什么的北方（north北sowth南west西east东）151inthesun在太阳下152increase增加eg:They"veincreasedthepreceofpetrolby3%他们把石油价增加了3%thepopulationhasincreasedfrom12milliontenyearsagoto18millionnow153insteadof+（名）代替eg:I"dlikeanappleinsteadofapear我想要苹果，而不要梨子IlikeEnglishinsteadofmath我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学154introducesbtosb介绍某人给某人introduceoneself自我介绍155invitesbtodosth邀请某人做某事156Ittakessbsometimetodosth做某人花掉某人多少时间eg:Ittookme5minutestodomyhomeworkIttakesmehalfanhourtocook157It"s+adj+forsbtodosth对某人来说做某事怎么样158It"s+adj+todo做某事怎么样159It"s+adjforsb对于某人来说怎么样It"s+adjofsb对某人来说太怎么样160It"s+adj(forsb)todo（对某人来说）做某事怎么样It"s+adjofsbtodosth对某人来说做某事太怎么样eg:It"sniceofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish161It"sagoodideaforsbtodosth对……来说是个好主意162It"simportanttosb对某人来说很重要eg:It"simportanttome163It"stimetodosthIt"stimeforsth到了该去做某事的时间eg:It"stimetohaveclassIt"stimeforclass该去上课了 164join=takepartin参加165justnow刚才166keep+sb/sth+adj/介词短语让什么保持什么样？167keepout不让……进入168keepsbadj让……保持……eg:Iwanttokeepmymotherhappykeephealthy保持健康169keyto+名词表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案170keyto…anserto…key可以是答题或钥匙171laughat…取笑……eg:Don"tlanghatothersWelanghedatthejoke172learnbyoneslfe自学173learnfromsb向某人学习eg:WeshouldlearnfromLeiFeng174learntodosth学做某事175letsbdosth让某人做某事176Letsbdown让某人失望eg：Weshouldn"tletourfarentsdown我们不应该让我们的父母失望177livefrom:离某地远178livein+大地方/at+小地方居住在某地eg:IliveinLuZhouShelivesatXuanTan179lookafter=takecareof照顾照看180loseone"sway谁迷路eg:Loseyourway你迷路181makeadecisiontodosth决定做某事182makefriendswithsb和谁成为朋友eg:Iwanttomakefriendswithyou183makeitearly把时间定的早一点184makeonexhibitionofoneself让某人出洋相185makesb/n+n使什么成为什么eg:ImadehermystepmollerImadeyoumywife186makesb/sth+adj使某人（某物）怎么样eg:Youmustmadeyourbedclean187makesb/sthadj使某人/某物怎么样188makesbdosth让某人做某事eg:Imadehimwrite我以前让他写189makeupbemadeupof(被动语态）由……组成190make…differenceto…191mindsbtodomindone"sdoing介意……做什么192most+名mostof+代193muchtoo+形容词194mustbe一定195need+名词196needsbdosth需要某人做某事197needtodo(实义动词）needdo(情态动词）198no/neithrofhatetodono/neithrofhatedoing199no+名词200notanymore=nomore再也不……eg:Hedidn"tcryanymoreHecriednomore他再也不哭201not…(形、副）atalleg:He"snottallatallshedoesn"tjunpfaratall202not…atall一点都不203not…either表否定，也不eg:Idon"tjapanseeitherIdon"thavesister,either我也没有姐姐204not…until直到……才……eg:Ididn"tsleepuntilmymothercamebackThechilddidn"tstopcryinguntilIgivehersugar205offer/providesbwithsth给某人提供206offersbsth(offersthtosb提供什么东西给某人eg:Iofferyouwater(Iofferwatertoyou 我给你提供水207onone"swayto…在谁去那的路上208ontheonehand一方面ontheotherhand另一方面209onthephone=overthephone用电话交谈210ontime准时intime及时211oneday＝someday＝someday一天，有一天212oneof+可数名词的复数形式213onetoanother一个到另一个214overandoveragin一遍又一遍的eg:Hecleanedtheflooroverandoveragin215part-timejob兼职工作fall-timejob全职工作216payfor…付……钱paythebill开钱，付钱217please+do218pleasehelpyourself219pleasedwithsb220poolinto=poreinto221practice+doing练习做某事222prefersthtosth相对……更喜欢……eg:Ipreferphysicstochemisty在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理preferdoingtosth更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…eg:Heprefersridingabiketodiving他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车prefertodosthratherthandosth宁愿做…也不愿eg:Myundepreferstobuyanowcarratherthanrepaivtheusedone我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车prefersbnottodosth更愿意…eg:Ipreferhernottocome我不喜欢她不来223pretendtodosth装着去做什么pretendthat从句eg:Thetwocheatspretendedtobeworkingveryhard这两个骗子装着努力工作Hepretendedthathedidnotknowtheanswer他装着不知道答案224rather…than宁可……也不……eg:Iwouldratherbeadoctorthanateacher我愿肯当医生，也不当老师Helikesdogsratherthancats他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫225regard…as把……当作……eg:Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourfamily请带我向你的家人我最好的问候Iregardyouasmyfriend我把你当作我的朋友Heshowslittleregardforothers他不爱关心别人226remidsbaboutsth提醒某人什么事remidsbtodosth提醒某人做某事eg:heremidsmeaboutcooking(heremidsmetocook他提醒我做饭227remidsbofsth使某人想起什么eg:thepicturesremindmeofmyschooldays这照片使我想起了我的学校thewordsthat(which)theteachertalketoremindmeofmymother228returnsthtosb还什么东西给某人229saytooneself对自己说230saytosb对某人说231sbspendsomemoneyonsth花了多少钱在某事上232sbspendsometimewithsb花了多少时间陪谁 233sbspendsometime(in)doingsth花了多少时间做某事234sbwithsb+issbandsb+are235seesbdo看见某人做过某事seesbdoing看见某人正在做某事236seemtodo/be+adj显得怎么样eg:YouseemtobetiredYouseemtobehappy237send+sbsth送给某人某物238send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？239shock使……震惊eg:Oh,It"sonlyyou!Yougivemeashock啊，是你呀！吓我一跳240showsbsth向某人展示某物eg:Ishowherthebook.241showsbsth=showsthtosb拿什么东西给某人看eg:ShowmeyourpenShowyourpentome242showsthtosb向某人展示某物eg:Ishowthebooktoher.243some…others…一些……另一些……244start…with…从……开始begin…with…从……开始245stayawayfrom远离……eg:We"retoldtostayawayfromtheanimalswhevisitingthezoo当我们参观zoo时，我们要远离动物Ifyouwanttoloseweightyou"dbetterstayauayfromthesweetfood徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食246stopdoing停下正在做的事247stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事248stopsb(from)doing阻止某人做某事249stoptodo停下正在做的事去做下一件事250such+名这样，这种251suitsb适合某人252surprisesb使某人惊奇toone"ssurprise令某人惊奇253takeclasses上课254takesbto把某人带去eg:Itakeyoutothehospital255takewalks=takeawalk＝goforawalk散步256①talkto对谁说eg:Italktoyou②talkwith和谁说eg:Italkwithhim③talkof谈到eg:wetalkedofyou④talkabout谈论关于……257talkwithsb和某人说话258teachsbsth教某人做某事259tellsbdosth告诉某人做某事260tellsbsthtellsbthat丛句tellsbnottodosthtellastory261tellsbsth告诉某人某事262tellsbtodosth告诉某人做什么tellsbnottodosth告诉某人不要做什么263tell…from…264thankyoufor+doing265thesame+名词(doing)+as……266thesame…(名)…asas…(adjadv)…as相同267thewaytodosth＝thewayofdoingst做某方面的方法thewayto+地方去哪的路eg:DoyouknowthewaytolearnEnglishDoyouknowthewayoflearningEnglish268thewayto…（地点）到哪的269too…to…太怎样而不能……adj+enoughto足够…能…so…that+丛句 eg:Heistooyoungtogotoschool=Heissoyoungthathecan"tgotoschoolHeisoldenoughtogotoschool＝Heissooldthathecangotoschool270transalte……into……把什么翻译成什么eg:TrasalteEnglishintochinese271travelwithsb和某人去旅游272tryone"sbesttodosth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg:IwilltrymybesttolearnEnglishwell273trytodosth想干什么，但没成功trydoingsth想干什么，已经做过了eg：Hetriedtoclimb他想爬上去，但没成功Hetriedclimbing他想爬上去，已经做过了274try…试衣服haveatry试一下275turndown开小←→turnup开大276turnoff关上←→turnon打开open拆开277upsidedown倒着278visitto…参观某个地方279waitforsb等某人被动语态被动语态英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍，许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式。须注意的是，许多地方与汉语不同。注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思，英语却应该用被动态。还要注意，英语的被动态往往由"by"引出，而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动态，而是系表结构。还有些特殊现象，如：knowntoman(人类......所知)，onfoot步行(美国人有时用byfoot)，incarraige(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动，真被动的十几个常用词的用法，以及soheavytocarry而不用soheavytobecarried等习惯用法。有关这类情况，做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态，准确无误地解答习题非常关键，被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂，怎样记住各自的被动形式呢?首先要明确"将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同"。这两种时态无被动形式。另外，不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词，反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此，还有不定式，动名词，分词，以及它们的复合结构)的被动态，再加上情态动词，助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂，真是令人头痛，眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例，即dodid过去式done过去分词，以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态，一定对你有所启示。被动语态（一般现在时）主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。被动语态的口诀一般现、过用be+PP（过去分词），be有人称、时、数变。完成时态have(has)done，被动将been加中间。一般将来shall(will)do，被动变do为bedone。将来进行无被动，shall(will)bedoing,现在完成进行同，have(has)beendoing。现、过进行bedoing,被动be加beingdone。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。一般情助加bedone，双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。 第二句"be有人称、时、数变"即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。"疑问一助置主前"是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之。一般现、过用bedone,be有人称、时、数变例：1、主动：Thechildrengavetheforeignguestsawarmwelcome.被动：Theforeignguestsweregivenawarmwelcomebythechildren.孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。2、主动：Peopleregardhimasbrilliant.被动：Heisregardedasbrilliantbypeople.人们认为他很有才华。以上两例都是一般时态用bedone的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreignfriends是复数，时态一般过去时，所以"bedone"就是weregiven，而Peopleregardhimasbrilliant一句，被动后的"bedone"就变成单数第三人称isregarded的形式了。被动：ThisspeechwasdeliveredbycomradeWang.(wasdelivered即一般过去时的被动态)这篇讲演是王的发言。Therewasaserioustrainaccidentneartheborder.Twopeoplewerekilledandtwelvewereinjured.边境发生严重列车事故，两人死亡，十二人受伤。Apersonwhoistrulyhonestiscalledastraightarrow.直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker.有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。JohnwaselectedpresidentoftheclassinsteadofHarry.乔治被选为班长而代替了亨利。Volcanoesaredescribedasactive,dormantorextinct.火山被描述为活的，沉睡着的，或者死的。Thesoldierwaskilled,butthetrainwassaved.这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。Hewasthoughttobecleverbutdishonest.他被认为很聪明但不诚实。（别人认为他很聪明但不诚实）ThefirstzoologicalgardenintheUnitedStateswasestablishedin1874.美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。Familieswereoftenbrokenup;wivesweretakenawayfromtheirhusbandsandchildrenfromtheirparents.家庭被拆散，妻儿被夺走。Theinformationisurgentlyneeded.急需这个资料。Mostenvironmentalproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthemwerenottakeninthepast.多数环境污染问题的存在，是因为过去没有采取适当的保护措施。完成时态havedone，被动将been加中间。(过去完成时haddone也包括在内)。例：1、主动：WehavestudiedEnglishfor3yearsoffandonatthespare-timeschool.被动：Englishhasbeenstudiedfor3byusyearsoffandonatthespare-timeschool.(have随新主语变为has)我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。2、主动:Theyhadproduced100tractorsbytheendoflastyear.被动:100tractorshadbeenproducedbytheendoflastyear. 到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机。3、主动：Theyhavesetupapowerstationintheirhometown.被动：Apowerstationhasbeensetupintheirhometown.他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。4、主动：Theyhavewarnedustobecarefulofrats.被动：Wehavebeenwarnedtobecarefulofrats.他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。5、主动：Peoplehavepiledplasticbagsfullofrubbishinstreets.被动:Plasticbagsfullofrubbishhavebeenpiledinstreets.人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。6、主动：Wehaveusednuclearenergytoproduceelectricity.被动：Nuclearenergyhasbeenusedtoproduceelectricity.核能已用来发电。7、主动：Noonehaseverbeatenhimattennis.被动：Hehasneverbeenbeatenattennis.就网球来说还没有人是他的对手。(Noone涉及到全否定和部分否定问题，见否定一讲)Thepersonwhoownsthegunmaytrytodenythathehasusedit.Butanyoneseeingthesmokeknowsthegunhasjustbeenfired.有枪的人会极力否认他开了枪。但是任何看到枪烟(枪冒的烟)的人都会知道刚才开了枪。TodayisCilia"sweddingday,shehasjustbeenmarriedtoDanel.今天是西丽亚的新婚日，她刚刚和丹尼尔结婚。Thesubjectsoftheselectureshavebeenannouncedbythelecturecommittee.演讲委员会已宣布了这些讲演的题目。过去完成时也是一样：主动:Somebodyhadcleanedmyshoes.被动:Myshoeshadbeencleanedbysomebody.有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。WhenIreturnedIfoundthattheyhadtowed(toud)mycaraway,IaskedwhytheyhaddonethisandtheytoldmethatidwasbecauseIhadparkeditundera"NoParkingSign".被动：mycarhadbeentowedaway.Iaskedwhythishadbeendoneandtoldthat...ithadbeenparkedundera"NoParkingSign".当我回来时，发现我的车被弄走了。我问他们为啥这么于。他们告诉我说因为我把车于停在"禁止停车"的禁区。主动：TheyhadbuildthreeshipsbylastDecember.被动：BylastDecemberthreeshipshadbeenbuiltbythem.到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。Researchhadbeencentredontheimprovementofnaturalbuildingmaterialsbeforesyntheticswerecreated.合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改进天然建筑材料上。Hedidnotsayifallthosesteelpipeshadbeenexamined.他并没有说那些钢管都检验过没有。Afterplastichadbeencreated,engineersweregivenamuchwidechoiceofmaterials.塑料发明之后，工程师们在材料选择上有了更广阔的途径。 一般将来shall(will)do，被动变do为bedone即由shalldo或willdo变为shalldone或willbedone。例：主动:Weshallbuildseveralbigmodernpowerplantsinourcitynextyear.被动：Severalbigmodernpowerplantswillbebuiltinourcitynextyear.过年我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。(shalldo中的shall要随新主语变为will,do为bedone.)主动：IshallsendmysecondboytoschoolnextSeptember.被动：MysecondboywillbesenttoschoolnextSeptember.过年九月我将送我次子去读书。主动：Inordertofoolpeoplecheapsandswindlerswillmakesuchbricksoutofleadcoveringthe"leadbrick"withgold.被动：Suchbrickswillbemadeoutofleadcoveringthe"leadbrick"withgoldbycheapsandswindlers."铅砖"外面被设法骗钱的商人和骗子们镀上一层金来做这样的"金砖"。主动：Theywillaskyoualotofstrangequestions.被动:Youwillbeaskedalotofstrangequestions.他们将问你许多怪题。被动句中的by引出的宾语，一般说来，如果是人称代词你、我、他等，均可省略，someonenoone不由by来引出。如果是名词不能省略，但当今英语也都可省略了。主动：TheChinesepeoplewillmakemorespaceexplorationsinthefuture.被动：MorespaceexplorationswillbemadeinthefuturebytheChinesepeople.中国人民在将来将进行更多的空间探索。同样Afteraperiodofuse,thebatteriesshouldbechanged.电池使用一段时间后，应该更换。Usually,theelectricityisonfor24hours.Buttomorrowitwillbecutoffinthedaytime.通常是昼夜供电，明天白天将停电。Morepeacefuluseswillbefoundfornuclearexplosivesinthefuture.在将来会发现更多的和平利用核爆炸的途径。Morehardworkwillbeneededtomakethiswondercometrueinashorttimefromnow.从现在起要使这些奇迹在短时间内成为现实还需要做更多的艰苦工作。make...cometrue使……成为事实;cometrue做宾补(见感使动词口诀)。Themachinewillnotbeusedagain.这机器不能再用了。Willmoregasbeneeded?需要更多的煤气吗?但如果是一般过去将来时如何处理呢？请记下面口诀：一般过去将来时，过去某时将发生。主动should(would)do，被动bedone代原形。将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同。主动：Afewdaysagowewerestillnotquitesurewhetherweshouldcarryoutthenewplanaheadoftime.被动：...whetherthenewplanwouldbecarriedoutaheadoftime.几天前，我们还不能肯定能否提前执行新的计划。主动：Ididnotsaythatwewouldchangetheequipment.被动：Ididnotsaythattheequipmentwouldbechanged.我并没说过，我们将换掉那台设备。 主动：Mysupervisortoldmethathewouldgivemeaspecialtutorialafewdaysago.被动：Mysupervisortoldmethataspecialtutorialwouldbegiventomeafewdaysago.几天前，我的导师说他将对我进行个别辅导。主动:Ineverthoughtthatbewouldbringmetheinformationsoearly.被动：Ineverthoughtthattheinformationwouldbebroughttomesoearly.我决没想到他那么早就会把资料带给我。将来进行无被动，shall(will)bedoing,现在完成进行同．have(has)beendoing,即将来进行时表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行"现在完成进行时表示某-行为发生在过去．延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。两种时态则不用被动语态。