高中英语语法总结大全之形容词和副词的比较级(1) 4页

形容词与副词的比较级，最高级和原级的用法及练习大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1)规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。 构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-esttall(高的)great(巨大的)tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-stnice(好的)large(大的)able（有能力的）nicerlargerablernicestlargestablest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig(大的)hot(热的)biggerhotterbiggesthottest"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-esteasy(容易的)busy(忙的)easierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er，-estclever(聪明的)narrow(窄的)cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。important(重要的)easily(容易地)moreimportantmoreeasilymostimportantmosteasily 2)不规则变化 原级比较级最高级good(好的)well(健康的)betterbestbad(坏的)ill(有病的)worseworstold(老的)older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many(多的)moremostlittle(少的)lessleastfar(远的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest 原级比较:as+形容词或副词原级+as1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so…as。Hecannotrunso/asfastasyou.2）当as…as中间有名词时采用以下格式as+形容词+a+单数名词as+many/much+名词Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan..3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.Yourroomisthesamesizeasmine.4)倍数表达法▲Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,lengthetc.)ofB.Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。▲Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB.AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。▲Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,etc.)thanB.Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.比较级结构：比较级形容词或副词+thanYouaretallerthanI.Theylightsinyourroomareasbrightasthoseinmine.可修饰比较级的词1）abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词(除byfar)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。注意：many,old和far1)如果后接名词时，muchmore+不可数名词manymore+可数名词复数2)old有两种比较级和最高级形式:older/oldest和elder/eldest。elder，eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。Myelderbrotherisanengineer.Maryistheeldestofthethreesisters.3)far有两种比较级，farther，further.在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，father表示距离，further表示进一步。Ihavenothingfurthertosay.最高级结构：the+最高级+比较范围1)TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。2)下列词可修饰最高级，byfar,far,much,mostly,almost Thishatisnearly/almostthebiggest.特殊用法：1."否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+so…as"结构表示最高级含义。Nothingissoeasyasthis.=Nothingiseasierthanthis.=Thisistheeasiestthing.2.“the+比较级……,the+比较级“：表示“越……越……”Thesooneryouseeadoctor,thebetteritis.你越早看医生越好。ThelongerIwaited，thelesspatientIbecame.我等的越久就变得越不耐烦。3.the+序数词+最高级+单数可数名词：表示“第几大的”ThisisthethirdmostpopularsongofMichaelJackson。这是迈克尔·杰克逊第三受欢迎的歌曲。4.more/lessthan及其相关结构①morethan＋具体数字=over：多于、超过……HespokeEnglishmorethantwoyears.(两年多)morethan＋名词/动词/形容词/副词：不仅仅ChinaDailyismorethananewspaperanditcanalsohelpuslearnEnglish.more…than…：与其……不如……Heisnotmoreanartistthanaphilosopher.与其说他是位艺术家，不如说他是位哲学家②notmorethan：不超过……，顶多……=atmostTherewerenotmorethan70womeninthestorethen.（不足70个女性）③nomorethan：仅仅，只不过Thetheaterwasnomorethanapaintedbarn.这戏院只不过是漆了油漆的库房而已（没什么大不了的）。第二部分近年高考真题荟萃（2010-2012）1【2012全国卷II】⒔Nexttobiology,Ilikephysics___.A.betterB.bestC.thebetterD.verywell2.【2012全国】26.Theresultisnotveryimportanttous,butifwedowin,thensomuch______.A.thebestB.bestC.betterD.thebetter3.【2012全国】29.Thisrestaurantwasn"t_thatotherrestaurantwewentto.A.halfasgoodasB.ashalfgoodasC.asgoodashalfD.goodashalfas4【2012北京】28.Manypeoplehavedonatedthattypeofblood;however,thebloodbankneeds_____.A.someB.lessC.muchD.more2011年高考题5..(2011全国卷,30)Theformcannotbesignedbyanyoneyourself.A.ratherthanB.otherthanC.morethanD.betterthan 6.(2011全国卷II,12)Itisonethingtoenjoylisteningtogoodmusic,butitisanothertoplayitwellyourself.A.quiteB.veryC.ratherD.much7.(2011全国卷II,17)Mr.Stevensonisgreattoworkfor——Ireallycouldn"taskfora_______boss.A.betterB.goodC.bestD.stillbetter8.（2011上海春招,28）You’dbeexposedtoalot______pollutionifyoumovedtoatownwithpurewaterandair.A.moreB.mostC.lessD.least9.(2011四川卷,12）——HowareyourrecenttriptoSichuan?——I’veneverhadonebefore.A.apleasantB.amorepleasantC.amostpleasantD.themostpleasant10.(2011陕西卷,17）ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbethepresentone。A.asthreetimesbigasB.threetimesasbigasC.asbigasthreetimesD.asbigthreetimesas11.(2011江西卷24）——Thefilmis,Ihavetosay,notabitinteresting.——Why?It’s______thanthefilmsIhaveeverseen.A.farmoreinterestingB.muchlessinterestingC.nomoreinterestingD.anylessinteresting2010年高考题12.Mr.Blackisveryhappybecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeen________.A.popularB.morepopularC.mostpopularD.themostpopular13.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced，thefactoryproduced___tractorsin1988astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwiceC.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyas14.(01上海卷)Inrecentyearstravelcompanieshavesucceededinsellingustheideathatthefurtherwego,____。A.ourholidayswillbebetterB.ourholidaywillbethebetterC.thebetterourholidaywillbeD.thebetterwillourholidaybe15）----Areyoufeeling____?----Yes，I"mfinenow.A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter16）Theexperimentwas____easierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch17）Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave___atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime17.(07全国卷II)Aftertwoyears’research,wenowhavea____betterunderstandingofthedisease。A.veryB.farC.fairlyD.quite18.(08全国卷I)You’redrivingtoofast.Canyoudrive______?A.moreslowlyabitB.slowlyabitmoreC.abitmoreslowlyD.slowlymorebit