高中英语语法教案- 虚拟语气 4页

高中英语网www.ttyingyu.com虚拟语气英语动词有四种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、疑问语气和虚拟语气。一．定义：虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义。虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。二．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中1.概念真实条件句：表示现实或可能变为现实的条件。非真实条件句：表示非现实的，或不可能，或不大可能变为现实的条件。e.g.①Theydon’thaveameetingifthereisnothingtodiscuss.②IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyGerman.2.形式虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反动词过去式（be动词用were）should/would/could/might+do与过去事实相反had+doneshould/would/could/might+have+done与将来事实相反①动词过去式②should+do③wereto+doshould/would/could/might+doe.g.①Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.②Ifhecametomorrow,wecouldaskhim.练习：①Ifyou＿＿＿＿(take)myadvice,you＿＿＿＿＿＿(notfail)intheexamslastterm.②Ifit＿＿＿＿(rain)tomorrow,thesportsmeeting＿＿＿＿＿＿(putoff).③Ifeveryone＿＿＿＿(know)firstaid,manylives＿＿＿＿＿＿(save).3.重点1）如条件句中有were,had,should,可把if省略掉，把were,had,should提前，变为倒装句式。e.g.Ifwehadmadeagreateffort,wemighthavesucceeded.→Hadwemadeagreateffort,wemighthavesucceeded.▲注意：若条件句的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。e.g.Ifitweren’tfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.→Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.2)有些句子主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这类句子称为“错综时间条件句”。①Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.②Ifhehadn’tfollowedmyadvice,hewouldn’tdoitmuchbetterlikethis.高中英语辅导网www.yingyufudao.com 高中英语网www.ttyingyu.com3）含蓄条件句指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其它手段来暗示存在的虚拟条件，如butfor,with,without,otherwise,but等。①Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedthework.=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,……②Imighthavegivenyourmorehelp,butIwastoobusy.③Suchathingwouldn’thavehappenedelsewhere.④Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthemeeting.4）省去主句的条件句常用ifonly引导，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。谓语形式：谓语用过去式（与现在事实相反）谓语用haddone（与过去事实相反）谓语用could/would/might+do（与将来事实相反）e.g.①Ifonlyhewerehere.②Ifonlytherainwouldstop.三．虚拟语气其它用法1.用于宾语从句中1）wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。谓语形式：过去式（宾语从句动作与wish同时）had+done(宾语从句动作先于wish)could/would/might+do（宾语从句动作后于wish）e.g.①Iwish(that)Iwereaflyingbird.②Iwish(that)Ihadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.③Iwishhewouldtryagain.2)用于表示建议、命令等词后的宾语从句中，如demand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise等。宾语从句的虚拟语气结构为：(should)+doe.g.Heorderedthattheboy(should)gowithhim.▲注意：当suggest作“暗示；表明”讲，insist作“坚持说；坚持认为”讲，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。e.g.①Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasangry.②Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.3)wouldrather后的宾语从句用过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。e.g.①I’dratheryouwenthomenow.②I’dratheryouhadn’tmadethatmistake.2.用于主语从句中Itissuggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/desired+that从句Itisapity/ashame/nowonder+that从句主语从句的虚拟语气结构为：（should）+do（表达说话者“惊讶、遗憾、应该”等语气）e.g.Itwasapitythatourteamshouldlosethegame.高中英语辅导网www.yingyufudao.com 高中英语网www.ttyingyu.com▲注意：以上句式也可用陈述语气。e.g.It’sstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday.3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中在名词advice,order,suggestion,request,proposal,plan,idea等后边that引导的同位语从句，或这些名词作主语时后面that引导的表语从句中，虚拟语气结构为：(should)+doe.g.①Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)giveuptheplan.②Myideaisthathe(should)acceptthejob.4.用于定语从句中Itis(high)time+that从句，从句谓语形式用过去式，或should+do(should不可省略)。e.g.Itishightimewestarted(shouldstart)out.5．asif/asthough用在虚拟语气中。asif/asthough引导表语从句与方式状语从句皆可，谓语形式：过去式（从句动作与主句动作同时发生）haddone（从句动作先于主句动作）could/would/might+do（从句动作后于主句动作）e.g.①Helooksasifhewereapopstar.②TheytalkedaboutL.A.asiftheyhadbeenthere.6.“情态动词+have+done”的用法。1）musthavedone:“(过去)一定做了…”(否定式为can’t/couldn’thavedone)e.g.Itmusthaverainedlastnightfortheroadisquitemuddy.2)can/couldhavedone：“本来能够做…；过去可能会做…”e.g.Canhehavegonetohisuncle’s?3)can’t/couldn’thavedone:“过去不可能做…；过去没能够…”e.g.Hecan’thaveforgottenit.4)may/mighthavedone：“也许已经做…”（只用于肯定句与否定句中，不用于疑问句；否定句中表示“可能不”，用might表示语气更不肯定）e.g.Hemaynothavefinishedthework.5）should/oughttohavedone:“本该做…（实际未做）”e.g.Yououghttohavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.6)shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone:“本不该做…（实际做了）”e.g.youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.7)needn’thavedone:“本不必做…（实际做了）”e.g.Youneedn’thavetakenataxihere,foritwasveryneartomyhouse.高中英语辅导网www.yingyufudao.com 高中英语网www.ttyingyu.com8)hadbetterhavedone:“当时最好做了…”（否定式为hadbetternothavedone）e.g.Youhadbetternothavebeatenher.9)wouldratherhavedone：“宁愿当时做了…”（否定式为wouldrathernothavedone,两者都有“后悔”之意）e.g.Iignoredheropinion,butnowIwouldrathernothavedonethat.10)wouldlike/lovetohavedonesth.“过去愿意做…（实际未做成）”e.g.Iwouldlovetohavegonetothepartylastnight,butIhadtowork.高中英语辅导网www.yingyufudao.com