初中英语语法梳理和提高18动词不定式讲解 试1 6页

初中英语语法梳理和提高18动词不定式讲解试题　　动词不定式　　不定式：to+动词原形　　知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！　　动词不定式的基本形式是"to+动词原形"，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：toreadthenewspaper,tospeakatthemeeting等　　动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语：句法作用例句作宾语Shewantedtoborrowedmyradio.Theybegantoreadandwrite.作状语ShewenttoseehergrandmalastSunday.Hecametogiveusatalkyesterday. 作宾语补足语Lucyaskedhimtoturnofftheradio.SheaskedmetospeakmoreloudlyJimtoldLingFengtogohomeatonce.Thefathermadehissonstudyhard.作定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?Ihadsomethingtoeatthismorning.作主语Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.　　注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如：　　 Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.　　 Ittookusthreedaystodothework.　　动词不定式的否定形式由"not+动词不定式"构成. 如: 　　Tellhimnottobelate.　　Thepolicemantoldtheboysnottoplayinthestreet.　　4)不定式省去to的情况:在感官动词see，watch，lookat，hear，listento，feel和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如：　　Letmelistentoyousingthesong.　　Hewatchedhissonplaycomputergames.　　Isawhimrunaway.------Hewasseentorunaway.　　Thebossmaketheworkersworkthewholenight.----Theworkersweremadetoworkthewholenight.　　5)动词不定式和疑问词连用　　动词不定式可以和疑问词what,which,how,where,when等连用，构成不定式短语。如：　　 Thequestioniswhentostart.　　 Idon"tknowwheretogo.　　 Heshowedmehowtouseacomputer.　　 Whattodoisabigproblem.　　例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！　　翻译下列句子，说出句中不定式的作用：　　1.Togrowplantsisveryimportant.　　2.Itissonicetohearyourvoice.　　3.Mydreamistobeapilot.　　4.Hebegantoreadandwriteattheageoffive.　　5.Theteacheraskedmetospeakmoreloudly. 　　6.Tomcametoseemelastnight.　　7.Iamgladtoseeyou.　　8.Haveyougotanythingtosay?　　9.TherearemanyplacestoseeinChina.　　10.Iaskedhimnottoopenthewindow.　　11.Idon"tknowwhattobuyforyou.　　12.Isawhimdance.　　13.Heoftenhelpsmecleantheroom.　　14.TheyaretooshytospeakEnglish.　　15.Hewasluckyenoughtofindhiswatch.　　16.Iwantyoutogotheretogetherwithme.　　解析：1、Togrowplants做主语；2、tohearyourvoice做主语；3、tobeapilot作表语；4、toreadandwrite作宾语；5、tospeakmoreloudly作宾语补足语；6、toseeme作状语；7、toseeyou作状语；8、tosay作定语；9、tosee作定语；10、nottoopenthewindow作宾语补足语；11、whattobuy作宾语；12、dance作宾语补足语（省略to）；13、cleantheroom作宾语补足语（省略to）；14、tospeakEnglish作状语；15、tofindhiswatch作状语；16、togotheretogetherwithme作宾语补足语。　　练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！　　选择最佳答案填空：　　1.Tellhim______thelight.　　 A.toturn     B.nottoturnon  C.tonotturn   D.nottoturn　　2.Ittookusmorethantwohours_______thedinner.　　 A.prepare    B.preparing     C.toprepare    D.tobeprepared　　3.Wefelttheearth_______. 　　 A.move      B.moveing      C.tomove      D.bemoved　　4.Thestudentsweremade______thetexttentimes.　　 A.read       B.reading       C.toread       D.toberead　　5.Thechairlooksratherhard_______,butinfactitisverycomfortable.　　 A.tosit       B.tositon       C.sitting        D.sit　　6.Nobodyknows__________next.　　 A.whattodo    B.todowhat    C.whichtodo   D.howtodo　　7.Itisveryimportant______us________thesewords.　　 A.to,toremember    B.for,toremember   C.for,remember  D.for,remembering　　8._______Englishwell,onemusthavealotpractice.　　 A.Forspeaking   B.Speaking    C.Tospeak   D.Speak　　9.I"mgoingtothelibrary______thebooks.　　 A.return    B.borrow      C.toreturn    D.tolend　　10.Wewenttotown_________someshopping.　　 A.doing    B.did    C.tomake     D.todo　　11.Thefunnystory_______melaugh.　　 A.make    B.making   C.tomake    D.made　　12.Afterthefinalexam,Ithinkallthestudentswant_________.　　  A.stoptohavearest   B.tostophavingarest  　　  C.tostoptohavearest  D.stoppingtohavearest　　13.Itisverykind_______youtohelpmewithmyhousework.Itishard_____metodoall　　  thework. 　　  A.of,for    B.for,of    C.of,to    D.to,for　　14.Manypeoplethinkitverydifficult_______English.　　  A.tosay   B.tolearn    C.speak   D.forspeaking　　15.Theteacheraskedthestudents__________her_______thewordagain.　　   A.listento;toread     B.tohear;say  　　   C.tolistento;speak   D.tolistento;pronounce　　16.Remember______thebookheretomorrow.　　 A.bring        B.tobring       C.take      D.totake　　17.---Let"shavearest,shallwe?　　  ---Notnow.Idon"twanttostop_______theletteryet.　　  A.write      B.towrite      C.writing      D.andwrite　　18.---Thisphysicsproblemistoodifficult.Canyoushowme__________,WangLin?　　  ---Sure.　　  A.whattoworkitout          B.whattoworkoutit　　  C.howtoworkitout         D.howtoworkoutit　　19.---HowcanIimprovemyspokenEnglish?　　  ---Youhavetopractise______asmuchas  youcan.　　  A.speak      B.speaking          C.spoken      D.tospeak　　20.---Howaboutgoinghikingthisweekend?　　  ---Sorry.Iprefer_______ratherthan_______.　　  A.tostayathome,goout            B.togoout,stayathome　　  C.stayingathome,goout            D.goingout,stayathome 　　1-5BBACB   6-10  ABCCD    11-15  DCABD    16-20 BCCBA