2012届高考一轮复习英语语法专项十七：连 词 8页

2012届高考一轮复习语法专项十七：连词连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。（一）并列连词：并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and（和），aswellas（既…又），both…and（不但…而且），notonly…butalso（不但…而且），not…but（不是…而是），neither…nor（既不…也不），either…or（不是…就是），or（或者），but（但是），yet（然而），for（因为），so（所以），while（而），when（这时）等。如：Bothmybrotherandmysisterareteachers./Hisroomisbrightbutmineisgloomy（暗沉沉的）./Hecannotonlyrepairradiosbutalsofixthem./Itisaglorious（光荣的）yetdifficulttask./Strikewhileironishot.（二）从属连词从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：引导时间状语从句的：after,before,when,as,while,since,until,till,assoonas引导原因状语从句的：because,since,as引导让步状语从句的：although,though,nomatter（无论）,evenif(though)引导条件状语从句的：if,unless,once,so(as)longas引导结果状语从句的：so…that…,such…that…引导目的状语从句的：sothat…,inorderthat…引导比较状语从句的：as…as…,notso(as)…as…,…than…引导方式状语从句的：asif…引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that,whether,if三个。其中that和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。（三）某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别1、当while,when,as引导时间状语从句时的区别：①while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while的这些用法可用when代替，等于“atthetimethat”,“duringthetimethat”。例如：Pleasekeepquietwhile(when)othersarestudying；②when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于“atthe第8页共8页 time”，也就是说when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时，进行时，或完成时。例如：WhenIwentintothelab,theteacherwasdoinganexperiment.（when不能换成while）HeoftenmakesmistakeswhenheisspeakingEnglish.（when可换成while）③as常可与when，while通用，但强调“一边、一边”。例如：As(when,while)Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Inoticedapolicecarinfrontofnumber37.④when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，主、谓是“主语+系动词”结构时，这时主语和系动词可以省略。例如：When(hewas)young,heworkedforarichman./She’llbeheretogiveyouhelpwhen(ifitis)necessary.⑤when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为“如果”、“假如”，例如：I’llcomewhen(if)I’mfree.2、before作连词一般表示时间，意为“在…之前”，但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译：Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；BeforeIcouldgetinawordhehadmeasuredme.我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。3、till,until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为not…until(till)，主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为“直到…才…”。用于肯定句时，只与延续性动词连用，表示“到…为止”。例如：Theyplayedvolleyballuntil(till)itgotdark./Theydidn’ttalk（延续性动词）until(till)theinterpreter（译员）came./Hedidn’tgotobed（非延续性动词）until(till)thehisfathercameback.；until可以放在句首，till则不行，例如：Untilthelastminuteofthematchwekeptonplaying./Notuntilhefinishedhisworkdidhegohome.（倒装）；till,until只用于时间，以下句子是错误的：Wewalkedtilltheedgeoftheforest.（要用asfaras或to）。4、because,since,as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别：①如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because回答。例如：Hehadtostayathomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.；②如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或since。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：Asyouaretired,youhadbetterrest./Sinceeveryoneishere,nowlet’sbegin.5、although和though引导让步状语从句往往用法一样，但注意以下区别：①although用于各种文体，而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although,though引导的从句后，主句不能用but，但可用副词yet,still。例如：Although/Thoughitrainedallthe第8页共8页 morning,theystillwentonworking.（或yettheywentonworking）②though常与even连用，eventhough表示强调，意为“即使”，但不能说evenalthough，例如：EventhoughIdidn’tunderstandaword,Ideptsmiling.③though可用作副词，意为“然而”，常用逗号与句子分开。although则不能这样使用，它只作连词。例如：Itwasaquietparty,Ihadagoodtime,though.6、once作副词译“曾经”，作为连词译“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。相当于if的加强形式。例如：Idon’tbelievehewasonceathief.(once这里是副词)/OnceAristotlehadmadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightobjects,hetaughtitasatruthtohisstudents.(once连词)7、unless引导条件状语从句等于if…not…。例如：He’llacceptthejobunlessthesalaryistoolow.(=He’llacceptthejobifthesalaryisnottoolow.)8、在用asif引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中，根据情况要使用虚拟语气。例如：Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.但有时也可用直陈语气。例如：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.9、whether,if引导从句的用法区别：①引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，用whether，不用if。例如：WhethertheywillgototheGreatWallisnotknown./Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishthetaskontime./Thequestionwhetherwewilltakepartinthephysicscontesthasnotbeendecided.②whether可接不定式，而if则不可。例如：Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertoleaveornot.③whether可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调，而if则不可。例如：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney./Whetherhewillcome,Iamnotsure.④whether和if均可引导宾语从句，whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句，if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此时不能用whether），例如：Couldyoutelluswhether/ifitrainsinwinterinAustralia?/Iwonderifitdoesn’train.⑤引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与ornot连用。连用时要注意ornot的位置，它一般与whether、if分开使用，有时它可与whether合起来使用，但不能与if合起来使用。例如：Idon’tknowwhether/iftheywillcomeornot./Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcome.　⑥if可用来引导条件状语从句，译“如果”，whether则不行。例如：Ifyouworkhard,youaresuretosucceed.10、as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。①as引导时间状语从句，意为“当…时”。例如：As(hewas)ayoungman,hewasastorekeeperandlaterapostmaster./Hesangasheworked.②as引导方式状语从句，意为“象…一样”。例如：WemustdoasthePartyteachesus.　③as引导原因状语从句。意为“由于”，例如：Asyouaretired,youhadbetterrest.　④as引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然”、“尽管”Childasheis,hecandoitwell.(=Althoughheisachild,hecan第8页共8页 doitwell.)另外，as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：Ihavethesamebookasyou.练习、连词1.Heisveryold,____hestillworksveryhard.A.butB.ifC.whenD.as2.____youaredismissed.A.NeitheryougonorB.EitheryougoorC.WhetheryougoorD.Bothyougoand3.Theyhadcampedoncebefore,____theyknewwhattotake.A.becauseB.nowC.soD.since4.Whythesethingshappenedwas____thedriverhadbeencareless.A.becauseofB.owingtoC.duetoD.that5.Although,it"sraining,____arestillworkinginthefields.A.theyB.buttheyC.andtheyD.sothey6.___wehavesatisfiedyou,youhavenogroundsofcomplaint.A.SoB.SincethatC.NowthatD.Bynow.7.Writeclearly____yourteachercanunderstand.youcorrectly.A.sinceB.forC.becauseD.sothat8.You"llmissthetrain____youhurryup.A.unlessB.asC.ifD.until9.Francisdidthetask____hisbrother.A.asgoodasB.asbetterasC.aswellasD.asbestas10.Thesizeoftheaudience,____wehadexpected,waswellovertwentythousand.A.asB.whatC.thatD.whom11.IthoughthehatedtheTV.Youareright,____hestillwatchestheprogram.A.yetB.besidesC.alsoD.then12.Itlooks____it"sgoingtorain.A.thatB.asC.asifD.likethat13.____toNewYork,herfatherhasnotheardfromher.A.BecauseshewentB.AftershewentC.WhenshewentD.Sinceshewent14.___hedaydreamed,Petersawfiguresinthesky.A.UntilB.SinceC.WhileD.第8页共8页 During15.Wearrivedatthestation____thetrainhadleft.A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.when16.____hewasinpoorhealth,heworkedjustashardaseveryoneelse.A.ButB.AlthoughC.EvenifD.If17.Givemeonemoreminute____I"llhavefinished.A.soB.untilC.andD.when18.TheworkerhuntedforjobsinNewYorkformonths,____hecouldnotfindanywork.A.andB.yetC.orD.andbut19.Hurryup,____you"llbelate.A.orB.andC.soD.yet20.Donotmakethesamemistake____Idid.A.soB.asC.likeD.that21.Mysisterisexpectingme,____Imustbeoffnow.A.howeverB.orC.soD.otherwise22.Weshouldpayattention____toindustry____toagriculture.A.either,orB.neither,norC.not,butD.both,and23.Heranoff____Icouldstophim.A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.when24.____youtoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.A.TillB.UntilC.AfterD.Since25.Wherehaveyoubeen____youlefthome?A.beforeB.asC.sinceD.when26.____theproblemofmethodissolved,talkingaboutthetaskisuseless.A.UntilB.SinceC.AfterD.Unless27.Wehaveproduced15%morecottonthisyear____wedidlastyear.A.asB.thanC.likeD.white28.Itislate;____,I"mtootiredtogoout.A.besidesB.exceptC.exceptforD.exceptthat29.Everythingaroundusis____solid..liquid____gas.第8页共8页 A.not...but...B.either...or...C.neither...nor...D.whether...or...30.Hewillcome____youaskhim.A.whetherB.unlessC.ifD.while31.____hewillcomeornotisstillunknown.A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.Whether32.Idon"tknow____tostayathomeorgoout.A.whetherB.ifC.howD.where33.Hespokeloudly____theaudiencecouldhearhimclearly.A.soB.thatC.sothatD.inorderto34.Thebookisnoteasy.____it"sratherdifficult.A.OntheonehandB.OnthecontraryC.OntheotherhandD.Ontheothercontrary35.Youmustworkhard,____youwillnotlearnEnglishwell.A.ifB.whetherC.otherwiseD.unless36.Itrainedheavily,____thebasketballmatchhadtobeputoff.A.sothatB.whenC.otherwiseD.therefore37.Wemustdo____thepeoplewantustodo..A.whateverB.howeverC.whereverD.whenever38.Youarecertainlyright,____othersmaysay.A.whatB.whateverC.thatD.as39.____makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.WhatC.WhoeverD.Whatever40.I’lldiscussitwithyou____youliketocome.A.whenB.whereC.whoeverD.whenever41.____youwork,youmustalwaysservethepeopleheartandsoul.A.WhereverB.WheneverC.WhereD.When42.___youunderstandthisrule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.A.OnceB.AtonceC.OnlyD.Onlythen43.___difficultthetaskmaybe,wemustfulfilitthismonth.A.NomatterhowB.NomatterwhatC.NomatterwhenD.Nomatterwhere44.Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficulties_,___wearecloselyunited.A.sofarasB.solongasC.assoonasD.aswellas第8页共8页 45.___Iknowhewillstayhereforhalfayear.A.assoonasB.aslongasC.sofarasD.aswellas46.Pleasewriteme____youarriveinNewYork.A.aswellasB.solongasC.asfarasD.assoonas47.Thatisnot____Iwant.A.thatB.whyC.whatD.whose48.___hediditremainsasecret.A.WhatB.WhomC.WhichD.How49.Itisquiteclear____hewon"tseeus.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.how50.Wouldyoutellme____wayIshouldtake?A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whose51.Iamsure____yousaidistrue.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who52.Thetroubleis____wecannotfindsuchanexpert.A.whyB.thatC.whereD./53.Ithasnotbeendecided____theywillleave.A.whyB.whenC.whichD.what54.Weshallgo____youareready.A.whileB.assoonasC.asD.since55.Hewilltellyouaboutit____yougetthere.A.whileB.asC.whenD./56.Don"ttrytogetoffthebus____ithasstopped.A.whileB.asC.sinceD.before57.I"llcomeandseeyou_____Igotothecountryside.A.whileB.when.C.assoonasD.before58.___hecametostudyintheuniversity,hehasmademuchprogressinthestudyofEnglish.A.WhileB.WhenC.SinceD.After59.Thingshavechangedalot____Iwrotetoyoulasttime.A.whenB.sinceC.asD.before60.Ican"tuseyourpen,___thereisnoinkinit.A.forB.whenC.ifD.第8页共8页 whether61.I"dliketogoswimming____thewaterisnottoocold.A.forB.unlessC.ifD.whether62.Difficultiesarenothing___wearenotafraidofthem.A.forB.asC.ifD.whether63.Thedoctorwillnotperformtheoperation___itisabsolutelynecessary.A.whenB.ifC.forD.unless64.Goback___youcamefrom.A.untilB.whereC.whichD.when65.Helay___thegrasswasthethickest.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.after66.Youwillfindfriendlypeople___yougoinChina.A.whereB.andC.whereverD.so67.___itwasalreadydark,theywentonworkinginthefields.A.IfB.WhetherC.ButD.Though68.___hehasfinishedwritingthenovelisunknown.A.IfB.WhetherC.WhenD.While69.We"llgoandseethepatient___wearebusy.A.evenifB.forC.ifD.while70.Themuseumis___far____itwilltakeushalfanhourtogettherebybus.A.such...thatB.as...asC.so...thatD.so…as连词1~5ABCDA6~10CDACA11~15ACDBA16~20BCBAB21~25CDABC26~30BBABC31~35DACBC36~40AABCD41~45AAABC46~50DCDBC51~55ABBBC56~60DDCBA61~65CCDBA66~70CDBAC第8页共8页