英语语法之名词专项练习 8页

英语语法之名词专项练习二.知识归纳、分析与总结1.名词的定义名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称。例如：worker工人desk桌子hospital医院time时间honesty诚实2.名词的分类名词分为专有名词和普通名词普通名词：表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如：teacher老师tea茶reform改革专有名词：表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。China中国Asia亚洲Beijing北京名词又可分为可数名词（CountableNouns）和不可数名词（UncountableNouns）。可数名词有单,复数之分,表示一个或多个。abook一本书twobooks两本书不可数名词：不分单,复数；抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。sand沙sugar糖有少数名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。glass玻璃glass玻璃杯paper纸paper报纸,文件3.名词的功能名词在句中作主语,宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。Thebagisinthedesk.bag作主语。书包在桌子里边。Iwashedmyclothesyesterday.clothes作宾语。昨天我洗了我的衣服。Thisisagoodbook.book作表语。这是一本好书。Weelectedhimourmonitor.monitor作宾语补助语。我们选他为我们的班长。Maryliveswithherparents.parents作介词宾语。玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。HeisaPartymember.Party作定语.他是一名党员。Theystudyharddayandnight.dayandnight作状语。他们不分白天黑夜地学习。4.名词的数英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,表示一个人或事物用单数形式,表示一个以上的人或事物用复数形式。abook一本书twobooks两本书abag一个包threebags三个包名词的单数形式就是词典上所出现的形式,没有变化,如：apen,abed,aroom,anEnglishbook。名词的复数形式,多数名词的复数形式在其单数形式后面加—s或—es构成,名词复数形式变化如下。8 构成读音例词一般情况下,在词尾加—s.1.在清辅音后读/s/.2.在浊辅音、元音后读/z/.1.maps/s/desks/s/2.days/z/dogs/z/以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后面加—es+es读/iz/class—classes/siz/box—boxes/siz/brush—brushes/iz/watch—watches/tiz/以e结尾的名词后面加—s+s读/iz/houses/ziz/horses/ziz/以—f或—fe结尾的名词,把—f或—fe变成—ves—ves读/vz/bookshelves/vz/wives/vz/knives/vz/以辅音+y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es—ies读/iz/cities/iz/babies/iz/factories/iz/以辅音+o结尾的名词,加—es,—s读/z/heroes/z/potatoes/z/tomatoes/z/注：极少数名词虽然以—o或者—f结尾,变成复数则只加—s,为数不多,如radios,pianos,photos,roofs等。英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要一一记忆，常见的有，man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,mouse—mice,ox—oxen,sheep—sheep,dear—dear,fish–fish英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。scissors剪刀goods货物trousers裤子clothes衣服glasses玻璃杯people人police警察stockings长裤socks短袜boots靴子 5.名词的格在英语中,名词的格有三个,主格,宾格和所有格。它们的形式及其变化表示与其他词的关系。实际上,主格和宾格通过它在句中的作用和位置来确定。Thebirdisinthetree.鸟在树上。bird作主语,是主格。Isawafilmyesterday.昨天我看了一场电影。film作宾语,是宾格。名词的所有格：名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。LuXun’sbookisworthreading.鲁迅的书值得一读。Thisismyfather’sroom.这是我父亲的房间。以—s或—es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加“’”。Therearemanystudents’exercisebookshere.这儿有许多学生的练习本。复合名词的所有格“’s”加在后面的名词之后。Thisismyson—in—law’sbike.这是我女婿的自行车。如果一样东西为两人共有,则只在后一个名词后加"’s"。8 WevisitedXiaoLiandXiaoZhang’sroom.我们参观了小李和小张的房间。名词所有格所修饰的词,有时可以省略。如前文已经提到,或者指地点。Thebookisnotmine,butLiHua’s.这本书不是我的，是李华的。Ihadmyhaircutinthebarber’s.我在理发店理发了。表示无生命东西的名词所有格,一般与of构成短语表示前者属于后者。It’samapofChina.它是一幅中国地图。BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中国的首都。【典型例题】1.Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe答案：C句意：我们需要更多的土豆。你能带过来一些吗？解析：potato土豆是可数名词。因为有some修饰所以potato要用复数形式。以辅音+o结尾的名词后面要+es。所以C.potatoes是正确答案。2.Whatbig____thetigerhas!A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes答案：B句意：老虎长着多么大、多么锋利的牙齿呀！解析：牙齿tooth的复数形式是teeth3.Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave答案：B句意：请记得喂马一些树叶。解析：树叶leaf是以f结尾的，所以它的复数形式是变f为v，再加es4.—Canwehavesome___?—Yes,please.A.bananaB.orangesC.appleD.pear答案：B句意：—能给我们一些橘子吗？—好的。解析：some修饰名词复数。四个选项中只有B.oranges是复数。5.Onthetabletherearefive____.A.tomatosB.pieceoftomatoesC.tomatoesD.tomato答案：C句意：桌子上有五个西红柿。解析：tomato,辅音+o结尾的名词变复数后面要加es【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）一.单项选择1.Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories2.Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit.A.someadvicesB.someadvice8 C.anadviceD.aadvice3.Whenwesawhisface,weknew___wasbad.A.somenewsB.anewsC.thenewsD.news4.What___lovelyweatheritis!A./B.theC.anD.a5.—Wouldyoulike___tea?—No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo____.A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforangeC.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforanges6.Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads7.Itreallytookhim：___todrawthenicehorse.A.sometimesB.hourC.longtimeD.sometime8.Iwouldliketohave___.A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkC.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilks9.Canyougiveme____?A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea10.Pleasegiveme___paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof11.Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes12.—Howmany____haveyougotonyourfarm?—I’vegotfive.A.sheepsB.sheepC.pigD.chicken13.Some___cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies14.Inthepicturetherearemany____andtwo____.A.sheep;foxesC.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxD.sheep;foxs15.Agroupof______willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.HungarianB.AustralianC.JapaneseD.American16.Thistableismadeof___.A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass17.—Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?—I’dlike____.A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken18.Childrenshouldmake____foroldpeopleinabus.A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom19.Tablesaremadeof___.A.woodB.somewoodsC.woodenD.woods20.Iwonderwhy______aresointerestedinaction(武打片)films.A.peopleB.peoplesC.thepeopleD.thepeoples21.Ihaveread____oftheyoungwriter.A.worksB.workC.thisworksD.theworks8 22.Let’smeetat7：30outsidethegateof___?A.thePeople’sParkB.thePeoples’ParkC.thePeopleParkD.People’sPark23.___Chinesepeopleare___hardworkingpeople.A./;aB.We;theC.The;theD.The;a24.Howmany____werethereinthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened?A.policemanB.policesC.policeD.peoples25.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.A.setB.oneC.pieceD.pair26.LastweekIboughtaTV____.A.pairB.setC.pieceD.block27.Thereisa____ofwoodleftontheground.A.cupB.pieceC.boxD.pair28.Therearesixty—seven___inourschool.A.women’steacherB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher29.Therearefive___inourfactory.A.womandriverB.womendriverC.womandriversD.womendrivers30.These____weresenttothevillagestohelpthefarmers.A.womendoctorB.womendoctorsC.womandoctorsD.womandoctor31.Theywritemostoftheir.___inEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters32.Wecametoa___atlastandwentin.A.watchshopB.watchesshopC.watchingshopD.watchsshop33.Thisshopsellsapples,bananasandthingslikethese.It’sa___A.foodshopB.bookshopC.fruitshopD.vegetableshop34.Shebrokea___whileshewaswashingup.A.glassofwineB.glassforwineC.glasswineD.wineglass35.I’veforgottenbothofthe____.A.roomnumbersB.roomsnumberC.roomsnumbersD.roomnumber36.September10this____inChina.A.Teacher’sDayB.Teachers’DayC.TeacherDayD.TeachersDay37.—Isthebroomunder____desk?—No,it’sunder____,.A.theteacher’s;myB.teacher’s;mineC.teacher’s;meD.theteacher’s;mine38.Excuseme,whereisthe___?A.men’sroomB.mens’roomC.men’sroomsD.menrooms39.Thefootballunderthebedis____.A.LilyandLucyB.Lily’sandLucy’sC.Lily’sandLucyD.LilyandLucy’s8 40Thisismy____dictionary.A.sisterMaryB.sister’sC.sisterMary’sD.sister’sMary’s41.Hewentto___shoptobuyashirt.A.atailorB.thetailorC.atailorsD.thetailors’42.Joanis____.A.Mary’sandJacksisterB.MaryandJack’ssisterC.MaryandJacksisterD.Mary’sandJack’ssister二.完形填空Adriverwasgoingbycarthroughacountry.Hesawadog1aman.Asthecarcamenearthem,2dogsuddenlystartedtocrosstheroad.Thepooranimalwas3andkilled.Thedriver4hiscarandwalkedtowardstheman.“I’mvery5thatthishappened.”hesaid,“Willfivepoundsbeenough?”“Oh6,”saidtheman.“Fivepoundswill7,”Themanputthemoneyinhispocket,andasthecarhad8,helookeddownatthe9animalandthought.“Iwonder10dogitwas.”1.A.afterB.behindC.backD.between2.A.theB.aC.anD.some3.A.takenB.caughtC.hitD.followed4.A.startedB.stoppedC.pulledD.cleaned5.A.gladB.afraidC.sorryD.happy6.A.yesB.noC.notD.yet7.A.beenoughB.belostC.bereturnedD.notbeenough8.A.repairedB.arrivedC.cameD.gone9.A.deadB.dieC.deathD.dying10.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which三.阅读理解Agoodreaderislikeadriververymuch.Hemustchangehisreadingspeedtofithispurposeandmaterialheisreading,justasadriverdoesfittheroadsituation.Agoodreadermaybeabletoreadathousandwordsperminute（WPM）,buthewon’tusethespeedforeverythinghereads.Agoodreaderdoingresearchreadinginthelibrarymayreadatthespeedof1,000wordsperminuteashelooksformaterialforareport.Butoncehefindsomethingthatisusefultohim,hemayneedtoslowdownto100WPM.Agoodreadermayreadnewspaperandmagazinearticleat600WPM.Butitmaytakehim150WPMtoreadhisscienceormathstext.Justasadriverhasawidechangeofspeed,sohasagoodreader.1.Accordingtothewriter,goodreadercan.A.readat1,000WPMB.oftengotothelibraryC.spendmoretimereadingD.changethespeedasneeded2.Thepassagetellsusthatthespeedofreadingdependson.a.thememberofbooksb.thepurposeofreadingc.thetimewhenyouarereadingd.thematerialthatyouarereadinge.theplacewhereyouarereadingA.aandbB.b,canddC.banddD.a,dande3.Agoodreadermayusehighestspeedofreadingwhen.A.hereadsnewspaperandmagazineB.hereadsthematerialmostusefultohimC.heistryingtoworkoutamathproblemD.heistryingtofindmaterialforhisreport8 4.Thepassagesuggests（暗示）thatagooddrivershould.A.beabletodriveatahighspeedB.begoodatchangingdrivingspeedC.beabletodriveinallkindsofweatherD.begoodatdrivingonacountryroad5.Thispassageismainlyabout.A.thebestwayoffastreadingB.thedifferencebetweendrivingandreadingC.theimportanceofhavingdifferentreadingspeedD.therelationbetweenreadinganddrivingspeed四.句型转换及完成句子1.Hisworkisalmostfinished.Hisworkisfinished.2.Becausetherewasnorainforthreemonths,allthecropsnearlydied.Astheofforthreemonthsallthecropsnearlydied.3.Wecanseemanytreesoneachsideofthestreets.Manytreescanonsidesofthestreet.4.PleasetellmewhereIcanfindhim.Pleasetellmewhere.5.大米需要在恰当的时候收割。Riceshould.6.惟一的问题是你没有足够的钱。thatyoudon’thaveenoughmoney.7.所以土壤不会被轻易的冲走。Sothesoil.8.我洗好了衬衣以便第二天穿。9.那家饭店有上千公里远。10.It’squitehotoutside.You’dbetter（notput）onyourcoat.五.书面表达根据下面的汉语提示写一篇日记，字数70—80词。今天是植树节，星期四你与同学们一起坐公共汽车去了西山农场。路上大家非常高兴，有的唱歌，有的讲故事。一到农场，大家干起活儿来。李雷挖洞，你挑水，你们种了很多树以及帮助农民们干了许多其他的活儿。你们都很努力。大约10：30，树栽完了，大家在农场吃了午饭，那一天真开心！8 【试题答案】一.1—5CBCAB6—10CDADD11—15ABAAC16—20DAAAA21—25DADCD26—30BBBDB31—35BACDA36—40BDADC41—42CB二.1—5BACBC6—10AADAB三.1—5DCDBC四.1.moreorless2.result,drought3.be,seen,both4.heis5.beharvestedattherighttime6.Theonlyproblemis7.isn’teasilywashedaway8.Iwashedmyblouse/shirtsothatIcouldwearitinthenextday.9.Therestaurantis/wasthousandsofkilometersaway.10.notput五.ThursdayMarch12th,2003TodayisTreePlantingDay.IwenttotheWestHillFarmwithmyclassmates.Allwereveryhappyonthebus.Somesangthebeautifulsongs,sometoldstoriesforeachother.Weallworkedhardassoonaswegottothefarm.LiLeidugholes,Icarriedthewater.Weplantedmanytreesandhelpedthefarmersdomanyotherthings.Thoughweweretired,wefeltveryhappy.Itwas10：30.Wehadlunchonthefarmafterplantingtrees.Weenjoyedourselves.8