高考英语语法专题复习讲义非谓语动词 5页

高考英语语法专题复习经典讲义过去分词归纳I．形式和性质：1．过去分词只有一种形式，即V-ed。没有所谓的“一般体”“进行体”与“完成体”之分。过去分词也没有“主动式”与“被动式”之称谓。2．过去分词一般有以下特征：2．1被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）,而不是发出者（doer）。2．2完成性：与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作往往先已发生。〖分析〗1.Theinjuredman（=Themanwhohadbeeninjured）wassenttohospitalwithoutdelay.2.Thisisthebookborrowed(=whichwasborrowed)fromtheschoollibrarylastweek.3.Doneinahurry(Becauseithadbeendoneinahurry),Tom"shomeworkwasfullofmistakesanderrors.〖例外〗1.在使役动词后作宾补的过去分词和带有将来时间状语的分词不具完成性。如：I"llhavemyhouseenlarged.Thecarrepairedthisafternoonbelongstooneofmyfriends.2.一些不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，不具被动性。Anoldmanwascollectingthefallenleavesintheyard.Thepoliceweresearchingfortheescapedman.II.句法功能1.主语过去分词前加上定冠词可用作主语，表示一个类别的人（事物）。如：Theaccusedhavebeenacquitted.Thewoundedwerelefthiddeninthatvillage.这种用法时，谓语一般用复数动词，但在上下文明确时也可能用于指一类中的个别，用单数动词。如：Thedeceasedishisfather.Thewoundedisapoliceman.2.宾语过去分词前加上定冠词可用作宾语，也表示一个类别的人（事物）。如：Everyoneinoursocietyshouldrespectandhelpthedisabled.Listentothevoiceoftheoppressed.3．表语Theboyswereastonished.Thedoorremainedlocked.Theyseemedworried.Heiswellknowntousall.4．定语4.1前置定语由单个分词充当Thebrokenglassisstilllyingonthetable.Thefrightenedgirlwastremblingwhenthepolicearrived.Thissortofpeopleseemsnottobeabletoliveinthechangedworld.Heonlycollectsusedstamps.ThisphraseisoftenusedinspokenEnglish.Agrownboyisaboywhohasphysicallyandmentallygrownup.Therisensunisthesunthathasrisenhigh.Thatwasaman-madesatellite.Hesenttheyhisnewly-inventeddevices.4.2后置定语由分词短语充当ShewasreadinganovelwrittenbyDickens. Heworksandlivesinaschoolsurroundedbygreentrees.Thepeopletrappedinthebigfirewererescuedbythefirefighterswithahelicopter.Theradioboughtinyourshopdoesn"tworkwell.TheBrailleisalanguageusedfortheblind.偶尔也有单个分词作后置定语的情况。如：Thingsseenaremightierthanthingsheard.有时单个分词作前置定语与作后置定语的意义不同。如：Thecarusedwasastolenone.(Thecarwhichwasusedatthetime…)Theusedcarwasstillinthegarage.(Theoldcarwhichdidn"tworkwell…)5．宾补5.1在感觉/知动词后：see,lookat,observe,hear,listento,think,find,imagine,feel,watch等。Wefoundhimgreatlychanged.Everyonethoughtthebattlelostexceptthegeneral.Hefelthimselfcarriedontoacarriage.IhaveneverheardasingleFrenchwordspokenbefore.Theworstpartwaswatchingherwheeledawaytoanoperatingtheatrewhilewewaitedandstaredatthewalls.(CollinsGP1:Verbs,P.308)5.2在使役动词后：make,have,get,keep,leave等。HetriedtomakeyourselfunderstoodinhisbrokenEnglish.Ihadmybadtoothpulledoutyesterday.Lastmonththefamilygotanewhousebuilt.It"sveryimportantforyoutokeepyourparentsinformedofyoursituation.Heleftthefooduntouchedandwentout.5.3在意愿动词后：like,need,want,order,wish等。Hewon"tliketheproblemdiscussedatthemeeting.TheywerearrestedbyimmigrationofficialsonMondayjusthoursafteraHighCourtjudgehadorderedthemfreedfromdetention.(CollinsGP1:Verbs,P.306)Shecameintotheshopwithapackagesaying:"Idon"tneeditchanged,onlyre-wrapped."Thekingorderedthemagicclothwovenatonce.Iwantthecaseinvestigatedfurthertomakeeverydetailclear.6．状语6.1方式和伴随情况(ofmanneroraccompaniment)Hewalkedaroundoutside,disturbedbythenews.Theteacherwentout,followedbysomepupils.Theoldmansatonthechair,lostinthought.Threelargemenrushedoutofthehouse,armedwithgunsandknives.Supportedbyagirl,theoldladygotoffthebus.表示方式的asif和asthough可与过去分词连用。如：Hewalkedbackasifhurtintheleg.6.2条件(ofcondition)Heatedtoahightemperature,waterchangesintovapor.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Criticizedbysomeoneelse,shecouldnothavegotsoangry.Paintedwhite,thehousewillappearnicer.表示条件的过去分词可与连词if和unless连用。IwillnotgotoTom"spartyunlessinvited.I"lltelleverythingtothepoliceifquestionedaboutthat.6.3原因和理由(ofreasonorcause)Doneinahurry,Tom"sexercisewasfullofmistakes.Madeofglass,thetesttubesareeasytobreak.Woundedbadly,hewassenttohospital.Tiredwiththetrip,theywenttobedearly.ShockedbythesuddenattackoftheGermanarmy,thePolandGovernmentwasatalosswhattodo. 表示原因的分词没有相应的连词可用。但有人认为since有时可以接V-ed分词。6.4时间(oftime)Dismissedbythebossofthehotel,Johnnevergotajob.Questionedbythepolice,themanwasverymuchafraid.Carriedtowardsthehospitalthevictimdiedfrombleedingtoomuch.表示时间的分词可以与when,while,once,whenever，until等连词连用，以使意义更为明确。Whenaskedbytheteacher,hestoodupandmadenoanswer.I"llneverspeaktoJackuntilspokentofirst.Oncerecognized,wecannotavoidbeingcaught.Wheneverneeded,Iwillcometoyourhelp.Thenecklacemustbereturnedtoyouwheneverfound.6.5让步（ofconcession）Badlywoundedintheleg,thesoldierrefusedtowithdraw.Protectedby3fences,RobinsonCrusoestillfeltunsafe.表示让步的分词可与though,although和evenif/though连用。如：Thoughsurroundedfor5days,oursoldierswerenotdiscouraged.Evenifnotinvited,hewentalongtotheeveningparty.6.6地点（ofplace）过去分词只有与where或wherever连用，才可以表示地点。Ratsshouldbekilledwhereverfound.Youngstudentsshouldgoandworkwhereneeded.III.过去分词在独立结构中的使用Ourhousepaintedwhite,welikeitbetter.Allthingsconsidered,theysettowork.Thekeytothehouseleftintheoffice,hehadtofetchit.Theconferencefinished,Mr.Brownhurriedhomedirectly2012届高考英语语法专题复习动词的-ing形式和不定式的用法基础考点汇总：1.动词-ing形式在句中可以做主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语和宾补。具体用法参看课本P108.2.动词不定式在句中除了不能做谓语外，可以充当任何成分。具体用法参看课本P108.根据提示完成下列句子。1.—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset？—__________hernewbicycle．(lose)2.________newwordsisveryusefultome.学习生词对我很有用。3.Wouldyoumind______________________?打开窗户好吗？4.___________thegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.听到这个好消息，他高兴得跳了起来。5.___________________this,thewomanscientistexpressedhersatisfaction.听到这一点，那位女科学家表示满意。6.Itisnouse__________________(让他来帮忙).(ask)7.Haveyou__________________(读完了)thebook?(finish)8.Mydoctoradvised__________________(多锻炼).（take）9.Thisproblem__________________(需要思考)carefully.(need)10.________________(乘火车来北京)takesabout3hours.(come)11.Wouldyou__________________(介意我打开)thewindow?(mind)12.Iapologizefor__________________(没有遵守)mypromise.(keep)13.Annhasbeen__________________(期望来到)Chinaforalongtime.(look)14.Thebusstopped___________________passengers车停下来以便接乘客。 15.Ihavenothing____________onthisquestion.对这个问题我无可奉告。巩固强化练习：1.AsI"llbeawayforatleastayear,I"dappreciate________nowandthentellingmehoweveryoneisgettingalong.A.hearing    B.tohear    C.tobehearing       D.havingheard2.Theteacherdidn’tfeellike______themonthespot.　A.correct     B.correcting      C.tocorrect        D.corrected3.Withtheoldman________theway,wehadnotroublein________thatcave. A.leads,find    B.leading,finding   C.led,tofind    D.wasleading,found4.Iremember__________forthejob,butIforgettheexactamount. A.topay    B.paying      C.tohavepaid        D.beingpaid5.Hewasseen___________out. A.go       B.togo        C.went         D.goes6.Hehasn’tgotused________inthecountryside. A.live      B.tolive         C.toliving          D.living7.Wedon’tallow________inthelectureroom. A.tosmoke      B.smoke         C.smoking      D.tosmoking8.I’mlookingforwardto__________fromyousoon. A.hear        B.heard       C.hearing        D.beingheard9.Shedoesn’tmind_________athomealonethoughshemayfeellonely. A.leave     B.beingleft       C.leaving        D.tobeleft10.Peoplefromallthecornerscametothecity,__________itverycrowded. A.tomake     B.andmaking      C.made       D.making11.________allthetimeisthekeyto_________progressinEnglish. A.Practise,making         B.Topractise,making   C.Practise,make          D.Topractise,make12.Onlyoneofthesebooksis____________. A.worthtoread   B.worthbeingread   C.worthofreading D.worthreading13.________isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.Thewalk          B.Walking            C.Towalk           D.Walk  14.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_________onabigrockbythesideofthepath. A.tohaverested      B.resting    C.torest       D.rest15._________areply,hedecidedtowriteagain. A.Notreceiving           B.Receivingnot  C.Nothavingreceived      D.Havingnotreceived16.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,________itthepopularsportintheworld. A.making      B.makes       C.made      D.tomake17.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand__________them. A.correct        B.correcting       C.corrects       D.tocorrect18.__________atthedoorbeforeenteringplease. A.Knocked        B.Toknock         C.Knocking      D.Knock19.________suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver. A.Havingsuffered         B.Suffering     C.Tosuffer      D.Suffered20.Hesentmean-email,__________togetfurtherinformation. A.hoped     B.hoping      C.tohope    D.hope21.Tonywasveryunhappyfor________totheparty. A.havingnotbeeninvited          B.nothavinginvited C.havingnotinvited              D.nothavingbeeninvited22.Though________money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lacked                B.lackingof            C.lacking            D.lackedin               23.Howaboutthetwoofus________awalkdownthegarden?A.totake             B.take            C.taking            D.tobetaking                          24.________isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold. A.Thewalk          B.Walking            C.Towalk           D.Walk                                   25.—Imustapologizefor________aheadoftime.—That’sallright.A.lettingyounotknow            B.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownot            D.lettingnotyouknow       参考答案1---5 ABBDB       6---10CCCCD        11---15DDBCC   16---20ABCAB     21---25DBCBB