高考英语语法复习---定语从句4 4页

高考英语语法复习---定语从句定语从句的基本知识：1.定义：在复合句中充当定语的句子就叫定语从句。2.分类：限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或者名词短语4.关系词：关系代词、关系副词（①引导定语从句②代替先行词③在定语从句中充当成分）关系代词：关系副词：that→指物或人，主语/宾语/表语when→which→指物，主语/宾语where→状语who→指人，主语why→whom→指人，宾语whose→指物或人，定语as→指物或人，主语/宾语★关系词的选择一定要根据先行词在定语从句中所做的成分来决定。Fillintheblanks:1.Theboys______areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2.Those______wanttogotothemuseummustbeatthegateat7tomorrowmorning.3.Mr.Liuistheperson_______youtalkedaboutonthebus.4.Theprofessor______youarewaitingforhascome.5.Footballisagame________islikedbymostboys.6.Thisisthepen______heboughtyesterday.7.Theperson__________youintroducedtomeisverykind.8.Ivisitedascientist______nameisknownalloverthecountry.9.Ioncelivedinthehouse________roofhasfallenin.10.Istillremembertheday_______Ifirstcametothisschool.11.Istillremembertheday_______wespenttogetherlasttime.12.Doyouknowtheplace_____hewasborn?13.Doyouknowtheplace_____hementionedinhisnewnovel?14.Idon’tbelievethereason____hewaslate.15.Idon’tbelievethereason____hetoldus.定语从句既是高中英语语言知识的难点，也是每年高考的重要考点。笔者通过多年的教学实践，就如何选（填）关系代词或关系副词，总结归纳出“八字方针”，即“一看二析三顾四选”。4 【一看先行词】观察、分析先行词的属性(如指人、物、时间、地点或原因)，可以初步确定引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词的范围。【二析从句成分】仔细分析定语从句的成分。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。尤其要看定语从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词；还要看定语从句的谓语动词与先行词之间的关系。【三顾特殊情况】根据上述两步，确定使用关系代词时，要兼顾一些特殊情况。尤其要注意以下几种情况：1、只能用that作关系代词的情况；2、只能用which作关系代词的情况；3、宜用who，而不用that指人的情况；4、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别；5、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择。【四选关系词】综合以上三步细致分析，最后则容易选（填）出适当的关系代词或关系副词。[1]只能使用that的情况：（that不能用在非限定性定语从句中。）1．当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。2.当先行词被序数词修饰时3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时4．当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时5．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时6．当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时Eg:Whoistheman_________isstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirt________fitsmemost?[2]whose可用ofwhichthe…/ofwhomthe…/the…ofwhich/whom来替换Eg:Theclassroom_____doorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyouknowtheboy___________fatherisadoctor?[3]介词+which/whom1.Theschool_________heoncestudiedisveryfamous.2.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine___________youasked.3.Thisistheboy___________Iplayedtennisyesterday.4.We’llgotohearthefamoussinger_____________wehaveoftentalked.5.Themanager____________companyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.[4]some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,，each,few等代词或者数词+ofwhich/whom4 Eg:1.Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.2.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.3.Ihavemanyfriends,someofwhom____doctors.4.Ihavemanyfriends,oneofwhom______adoctor.5.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___goingtobesentaboard.[5]as引导的定语从句：(1)当先行词受such,so,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as.Eg:I’veneverheardsuchstories___hetells.Heisnotsuchafool_____helooks.Heissuchalovelyboy___everyonelikes.Heissuchalovelyboy____everyonelikeshim.Itissousefulabook____youshouldbuy.Itissousefulabook___youshouldbuyone.Thisisthesamedictionary_____Ilostlastweek.(2)as与which引导的非限定性定语从句的异同：共同之处：as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子.Eg:Hemarriedher,________wasnatural.不同之处：as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。Eg:_____isknowntoall,heisagreatwriter.John,______youknow,isafamouswriter.（3）当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。Eg:Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,______madehisteacherveryangry.Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,_______madethemveryheavy.[6]定语从句其他应该注意的地方：1.way在定语从句中作状语，关系词可以用inwhich/that/Eg:Idon’tliketheway______youspeaktoyourmother.Idon’tliketheway_______youtoldme.2.situation/case/position/business在定语从句中作状语，关系词用where/inwhichEg:Icanthinkofmanycases_____studentshavelearnedEnglishformanyyearsbutdon’tknowhowtouseit.3.occasion在定语从句中作状语，关系词用whenEg:Theywereimpressedwiththeoccasion_____thegreatworkwasperformed.→4.but也用作关系词引导定语从句=whodon’tEg:Thereareveryfewbut(=whodon’t)admirehistalents.4 →5.在某个范围内，用ofEg:Thereismuchdifficultylivinginadesert,____whichgettingwaterisnotthemostdifficult.[7]注意事项1.一般说来，除了用定语从句解释名词或泛指外，先行词前应有定冠词the。2.在限制性定语从句中which,whom,that充当宾语时，可以省略。而在非限制性定语从句中whom,who,which不能省略。3.在含有非限制性定语从句的复合句中从句与主句之间应该用逗号隔开。4.定语从句与同位语从句的区别。首先看引导从句的关系词that是否在从句中充当句子成分。如果在从句中充当主、宾、表，则是定语从句。再看that前的名词是否是一些需要有内容的名词，如：idea,fact,thought,news等。后面的从句是说明其内容的，（这个名词在后面的从句中部充当任何成分），这个从句则是同位语从句。Eg:Heexpressedthehopethathehashadformanyyears.(hope在从句中不充当句子成分，又加上后面从句是说明hope的内容的，因此时同位语从句。)5.thereasonwhy(=forwhich)是由why或forwhich引导的定语从句。而thereasonthat也是that引导的定语从句。that往往省略。Eg:Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.　=Thisisthereason(that)hewaslate.6.当主句中有who,which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免who…who,which…which等重叠，定语从句用that引导。Eg:Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?Whichofthetwocowsthatyoukeepproducesmoremilk?7.先行词为人和物作并列成分时，定语从句用that引导。Eg:Johnandhisdogthatwerehereamomentagodisappearnow.8.不论人或物在定语从句中作表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that通常省掉。Eg:Heisnolongerthemanthathewas.9.“oneof＋可数名词复数”引导的定语从句中,谓语动词应用复数；而“oneof＋可数名词复数”前有the，only或theonly修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。Eg:Heisoneofthestudentswhostudyveryhardatschool.Heisthe(only/theonly)oneofthestudentswhostudiesveryhardatschool.4