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初中英语语法梳理和提高23综合练习时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网初中英语语法梳理和提高23综合练习 综 合 练 习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空: 1.Pleasemake______formybike.(room) 2.ThebeautifulsceneryofQingdao______alargenumberofpeopletovisiteveryyear.(attract) 3.Ourroomisontheeleventhfloor.Whatabout______? (you) 4.Summeristhe______seasonoftheyear. (hot) 5.Wemust______ourclassroomcleanandtidyeveryday.(keep) 6.______ofChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwellbeforeBeijing2008Olympic.(thousand) 7.Thebookisratherinteresting.It"s______readingagain.(worth) 8.Thankyoufor______meyourdictionary.I"llreturnittoyousoon.(lend) 9.Hardworkbrings______.(successful) 10.Weshoulddosomethingtostopwastewaterfrom______riversandseas.(pollute) 11.Theoldmanputonhissweaterand______outalone.(go) 12.Oneofthe______comesfromSouthAfrica.(science) 13.IthinkIcando______inFrenchthisyearthanlastyear.(well) 14.Afterthree______study,weworkedoutthephysicsproblem.(month) 15.Iwentupstairsand______atthedoor.(knock) 16.Thechildrenareplaying______inthepark.(happy)275
17.Herbrotherenjoys______verymuch.(surf) 18.Ihave______aseatontheplane,buttheflightwascanceled.(book) 19.Shelay______forhoursthinkingoverherbusiness.(wake) 20.Pleaseturntoanother______.Idon"tlikethisshow.(channel) 21."Help!Help!I______!"thelittleboycriedintheriver.(dead) 22.Thereisabigdifferencebetweenyouand______.(I) 23.Heoften______speakingEnglishwithforeigners.(practice) 24.Wehavesomeproblems______there.(get) 25.Katythinks______intownismoreexcitingthaninthecountry.(live) 26.Iheardher______whenIwalkedpastherroom.(sing) 27.Telllmethe______number,don"tuse"about"or"orso".(exactly) 28.Welivedinaplace______GumTree.(call) 29.Mydaughtersayshe"sfeelingeven______today.(ill) 30.Theweathergetswarmer,andthedaysget______.(long) 31.Inwhichcountryistheweathermostlike______?(China) 32.----Jim,haveyouwrittenalettertoyouraunt? ----Yes,Mum.I______onelastweek.(write) 33.Lookatthesign:"No______!".Iamafraidyoucan"tsmokehere.(smoke) 34.Don"tkeepme______foralongtime.(wait) 35.Thepolicehavecaughtthethiefwhomatchestheman"s______.(describe) 36.Help______tosomefish,children.(you) 37.You"dbettergotoseethedoctorandhaveyourbadteeth______out.(pull) 38.Badluck!Ihadmypurse______.(steal)275
39.ThecarsmadeinAmericaaremuchcheaperthan______inGermany.(that) 40.Johnbecameadoctorafterhe______up.(grow) 41.Thematch______intheleaguelastmonthwaswonderful.(hold) 42.Iamsurethatourteamwill______theirs.(beat) 43.Bothofthetworulersare______.Iwanttobuyathirdone.(break) 44.----Thisdigitalcameraisreallycheap! ----Thecheaper,the______.Iamshortofmoney,yousee.(good) 45.Howlonghasyourmother______here?(be) 46.Allthestudentsarebusy______readyforthecomingexam.(get) 47.Thechildrenlooked______.(happy) 48.How______youarelivinginQingdao!(luck) 49.Whenwearrivedhere,alltheappleshad______up.(eat) 50.Talkaboutyourplanandhowtomakeit______.(work) 51.Icansee______inthepicture.(baby) 52.IthasdevelopedalotbecauseSomany______citiesarearoundit.(satellite) 53.Shestopped______andlistenedtohermother.(cry) 54.Ilike______thedolphinswimandjump.(watch) 55.Be______toothersandtheywillbethesametoyou.(friend) 56."Nut"______"jianguo".(mean) 57.Theyoftendosome______inthemorning.(clean) 58.----Thefridgeinthemiddleisverynice. ----Ithinkso,butit______toomuch.(cost) 59.Whatapoorboy,hewas______intheforest.(lose)275
60.----Don"ttouchthepapers. ----Certainly,I"llnot______thepapersbetouched.(let) 61.Hefeltverysorrywhenherealizedwhataterriblemistakehe______.(make) 62.Iprefer______(swim)to______(run). 63.Therearealot______applesinthisbasketthaninthatone.(many) 64.Florencetooklessonsinmusicanddrawing,andread______.(wide) 65.______thebuttonandyoucangetwhatyouwant.(press) 66.Hewasnottheonly______inthisterroristattacks.(victim) 67.Teachers______ourexampapersalready.(score) 68.Thepolicehavecaughtthenthiefwho______ourdescription.(match) 69.They______meastheirfamilymember.(regard) 70.Afterhegraduatedfrommiddleschool,he______hiseducation.(continue) 71.Icouldn"thearwhathesaid.Askhimtospeakmore______,please.(clear) 72.I______himtoagameoftennisandatlasthewon.(challenge) 73.Manydoctorsare______tothevillage.(send) 74.Theflood______theoldbridgeawaylastnight.(wash) 75.Howmany______fossilscanyouseeinthemuseum?(dinosaur) 76.Lessonslearnedeasilyaresoon______.(forget) 77.The______boyhidbehindthedoor.(frighten) 78.Thefirstpartofthe20thcentury______moregreatinventions.(see) 79.Thepasthas______withthewind.(go) 80.LastSundayIspent$20______thesebooks.(buy) 81.Heappearedtothe______andtheywereveryexcited.(audience)275
82.He______tocatchtheearlybusbecausehegotuplate.(fail) 83.Asagooddoctor,he______alotofpeople"slivestillnow.(save) 84.Thehardworkmadehimfeel______.(frustrate) 85.Believeme,Ihave______inyou.(confident) 86.Itwasthefirstnewspaper______onthetrain.(sell) 87.Theyareverybusythesedaysbecausetheyhave______abookshop.(start) 88.Thesharks______onfishorotherseaanimals.(feed) 89.Therewasnomachines______apersontobreatheunderwaterforalongtime.(allow) 90.Hehas______aTVshowforalongtime.(run) 91.MrBlackhastaughtinourschoolsince2002.He______usverywell.(teach) 92.Septemberis______monthofayear.(nine) 93.Haveyouever______thingsabout?(litter) 94.Canwestopthefactoryfrom______thewastewaterintotheriver?(pour) 95.It"snotpolite______inapublicplace.(spit) 96.Shehasmadeamajor______toourwork.(contribution) 97.I______myumbrellaonthebusbecausetherainstoppedwhenIgotoffthebus.(leave) 98.Wewere______ofourChineseplayersinthisOlympicGames.(pride) 99.Some______arelearningChinesenow.(Italy) 100.Mygoodhobbyis______.(read) Answers: 1.room 2.attracts 3.yours 4.hottest 5.keep 6.Thousands 7.worth 275
8.lending 9.success 10.polluting 11.went 12.scientists 13.better14.months" 15.knocked 16.happily 17.surfing 18.booked 19.awake20.channel 21.amdying 22.me 23.practises 24.getting 25.living 26.singing 27.exact28.called 29.worse 30.longer 31.China"s 32.wrote 33.smoking 34.waiting 35.description36.yourselves 37.pulled 38stolen 39.those 40.grow 41.held 42.beat 43.broken 44.better 45.been 46.getting 47.happy 48.luckily 49.beeneaten50.work 51.babies 52.satellite 53.crying 54.watching 55.friendly 56.means 57.cleaning 58.costs 59.lost 60.let 61.hadmade62.swimming,running 63.more 64.widely 65.Press 66.victim 67.havescored 68.matches 69.regarded 70.continued 71.clearly 72.challenged 73.sent 74.washed 75.dinosaur 76.forgotten/forgot 77.frightened 78.saw 79.gone 80.buying 81.audience 82.failed 83.hadsaved 84.frustrated 85.confidence86.sold 87.started 88.feed 89.allowing 90.run 91.teaches 92.theninth 93.littered 94.pouring 95.tospit 96.contribution 97.left 98.proud 99.Italians 100.reading 二、选择最佳答案填空: Please______acoatwithyouwhenyougoout. bring B.put C.get D.take Hefinished______thebookyesterdayevening. seeing B.watching C.reading D.looking It"sgettingwarmerandwarmer.Theflowersstartto______.275
comein B.comeover C.comeout D.comeon Theywill______Qingdaotonight. arrive B.get C.reach D.go SoonCathy______upwithme,thenwewereneckandneck. taught B.caught C.bought D.brought Againandagainthedoctor______thecryinggirl,buthecouldn"tfindwhatwaswrongwithher. lookedover B.lookedafter C.lookedfor D.lookedout You______goandaskLily.She______knowtheanswer. must,can B.must,may C.need,can D.can,may 8. Iboughtanewdictionaryandit______me$30. paid B.spent C.took D.cost 9.Thechildrenplantedmoretreesandflowersafterthey______GreenerChina. joined B.tookpartin C.became D.were 10.CouldyoutellmesomethingmoreaboutHongKong? Iam______goingthereforaholidaysoon. lookingup B.thinkingabout C.tryingout D.findingout 11.Whatanicebag!Butshe______onlythirtydollarsforit. A. cost B.took C.spent D.paid 12.Nomatterhowharditis,we"llkeep______untilwemakeit. failed B.failing C.tried D.trying 13.ImustreturnthecameratoCindy.I______itfortwoweeks. keep B.borrowed C.havekept D.havelent275
14.Iamsureourvolleyballteamwill______theteamfromNo.3MiddleSchool. win B.fail C.lose D.beat 15.Tracycan"tplaythematchnow.Please______instead. haveGinadoit B.haveLindatodoit C.makeJanetodoit D.letDaisytodoit 16.----Doyoulike______adoctorforthechildren? ----Yes.Tobeachildren"sdoctorisrewarding. be B.being C.are D.become 17.----Whatdoyouthinkofhervoice? ----It______verysweet,Ishouldsay. hears B.sounds C.listens D.sings 18.----Howmuchdoesit______toflyfromBeijingtoQingdaoone-way? ----About1,000yuan. cost B.pay C.spend D.take 19.----Water-skiingandsurfingaremyfavourite.Howaboutyou? ----I______surfingtowater-skiing. A. think B.agree C.want D.prefer 20.----It"smoreandmoreimportanttoprotectourearth. ----Ithinkso.Ifeveryone______acontributiontoit,ourworldwillbemorebeautifu.. A. make B.makes C.willmake D.make 21.You______swiminthispartofthelake.It"sdangerous. mustn"t B.needn"t C.won"t D.may275
22.Jennyisanurseand______inTownHospital. works B.worked C.hadworked D.working 23.----WhereisSandy? ----He______toanwerthephone.He"llbebackinaminute. hadgone B.hasgone C.hasbeen D.went 24.----______allyourthings,Mary!Ihatethemhereandthere! ----OK,Mum. Putup B.Puton C.Putdown D.Putaway 25.----Howdoyougotoworkeveryday? ----I______onmybike. ride B.drive C.take D.walk 26.----Oh,you paintedthewallsyourself? ----Yes.Itwasnothard.Thewholeworkdidn"t______. A.want B.cost C.spend D.pay 27.----Howaboutgoinghikingthisweekend? ----Sorry.Iprefer______ratherthan______. tostayathome,goout B.togoout,stayathome C.stayingathome,goout D.goingout,stayathome 28.----MayI______yourChinese-Russiandictionary? ----Sorry,I______itathome. borrow,forgot B.lend,left C.lend,forgot D.borrow,left 29.----YourT-shirtlooksnice.Isit______wool? ----Yes,andit"sa______InnerMongolia.275
madeof,madeby B.madeof,madein C.madeby,madefor D.madeby,madefrom 30.Couldyoutellmehowto______itinFrench? say B.speak C.talk D.tell 31.Bob______nearlytwohoursdoinghisworkyesterday. A. spent B.took C.paid D.cost 32.----Awouldyouplease______thisoldlady? ----Sure.Havemyseat,please. takeroomfor B.givearoomfor C.makeroomfor D.haveroomswith 33.Jimwassobusy______theanswerfromLily"spaperthatheforgot______hernameintohis. tocopy,tochange B.tocopy,changing C.copying,tochange D.copying,changing 34.Theyoungmanbrokehisarmintheaccidentandhadto______hisjob. A. sendup B.putup C.getup D.giveup 35.Thewomanhasn"theardfromhersonformonths.It______heralot. interests B.moves C.worries D.pleases 36.It"srathercoldoutside.Heree"sacoat.______,please. A. Pickitup B.Putiton C.Takeitoff D.Turnitdown 37.Theyarebusy______readyfortheexam. A. get B.getting C.toget D.got 38.----Whatareyoudoing,Emily? ----I"m______theradio.Themusicissobeautiful.275
watching B.listeningto C.hearing D.mending 39.He______thebusandfoundaseatnexttothewindow. A. gotdown B.gotoff C.goton D.gotout 40.----DoyouthinkJimwillpasstheChemistryexam? ----Sure.He______alotoftimeonit. A.took B.cost C.paid D.spent 41.Weenjoy______themoonintheopenairontheMid-autumnDay. tosee B.seeing C.towatch D.watching 42.Alotofmeetingswere______becauseofthedangerousdisease. takenoff B.putoff C.turnedoff D.setoff 43.Wouldyoupleasegoand______somewaterforme?Iamthirsty. tobring B.tocarry C.take D.get 44.----HI,Pete!Whyareyouinsuchahurry? ----______the7:30train. Catch B.Tocatch C.Catching D.Caught 45.Alice,wearegoingtospendourholidayinCanada.Ifyou______,wecangotoItalyinstead. hope B.wish C.prefer D.agree 46.----Awouldyouliketohaveatry? ----Yes,verymuch.It______tobeexciting. seem B.islooking C.seems D.willlook 47.----Mike!Whatareyoudoingthere? ----Listen,Mum!Ihearsomebody______upstairs.275
going B.goes C.go D.togo 48.Itwasrainingheavilyoutside.Thefathermadethechildren______intheroom. tostay B.stay C.staying D.stayed 49.Afteryearsofhardwork,hisdream______intheend. cameout B.cametrue C.cameover D.cameup 50.----Hello!Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithmetonight? ----I"msorryIcan"t.Motherwon"t______metogooutintheevening. let B.allow C.offer D.ask 51.Ittookusalongtime______Hawaiibutwethoughtthejourneywasenjoyable. toget B.getting C.toreach D.reaching 52.Theteacheraskedustostop______becauseshewantedtotellussomething. talking B.totalk C.hearing D.tohear 53.Thecar______andstoppedattheredtrafficlight. goton B.gotoff C.sloweddown D.pickedup 54.Ithinkthisisthebestwaytosolvetheproblem.Doyou______me? playwith B.hearof C.agreewith D.getonwellwith 55.Lethim______arest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk. have B.gets C.totake D.has 56.Thefilm______fortenminutes. hasbegun B.hasbeenbegun C.hasbeenon D.began 57.----Shallwegoand______hellotoforeignteachers? ----Goodidea!Let"sgo.275
A. say B.speak C.shout D.talk 58.Ourteacherdidwhatshecould______uswithEnglish. A. help B.helped C.helping D.tohelp 59.Wemustdosomethingtostoppeoplefrom______. A. tothrowlitterabout B.tothrowlitterinto C.throwinglitterabout D.throwinglitterinto 60.----Haveyouever______LintongtoseetheTerraCottaWarriors? ----Yes,Ihave. A. wentto B.goneto C.beenin D.beento 61.Ihopethatyou______agoodtimethisevening. A. haveB.arehavingC.willhaveD.had 62.----Hi,Carol,howwasyourtriptoDisneyWorld? ----Hi,we______agoodtimethere. arehavingB.havehadC.hadD.have 63.Iwon"tgototheconcertbecauseI______myticket. lostB.don"tloseC.willloseD.havelost 64.Thebottleisempty.Who______thejuice? hasdrunkB.drinksC.drankD.isdrinking 65.Theworld______.Thingsneverstaythesame. A.changesB.ischangingC.waschangingD.willchange 66._______ acoldmorning,IopenedthewindowandwasgladtofindthatItwassnowing outside.275
A.By B. In C.At D.On 67.Thereis________today"snewspaper. A.nothingnewin B.somethingnewon C.importantsomethingin D.nothing importanton 68.Theheadmaster_________ anoisyboyfromthelibrary. A.sentfor B.sentout C.sentback D.sentaway 69._______itgoeson,hour ________hour. A.So,after B.Such,by C.That,after D./by 70.Silk________in_______China. A.produce,thesoutheast B.isproduced,southeast C.isgrown,southeast D.isproduced,thesoutheastof 71."Doyouknowiftheoldmanisstillliving?" "I"msorry.He _________.He ______fortwomonths. A.died,hasdied B.hasdied,hasbeendead C.hasbeendead,died D.hasdied,hasdead 72.Don"trush.There"sstill______timeleft. A.more B.alot C.alittle D.afew 73.Wouldyouplease_______fillthesamebottle_______full? A.not,toomuch B.notto,toomuch C.not,muchtoo D.notto,muchtoo275
74. Heasked______theywouildholdthemeeting_____itrainedthenextday. A.if,whether B.whether,if C.whether,whether D.if,whether 75.Englishistaught_________aforeignlanguageinalmost allschoolinChina. A.with B.by C.as D.for 76."Whichboydoyouwanttoseenow?" "The_______inthe redhat." A.man B.person C.people D.one 77.Petercouldhardly seethewordsontheblackboard,________? A.didhe B.couldn"the C.didn"the D.couldhe 78.Theladyalways________inwhiteattheparty. A.wears B.dresses C.isworn D.getsdressed 79.Britainisonly30kilometers_______fromFrance. A.far B.faraway C.awayfar D.away 80.Don"taskmetogoowithhim,________? A.shallwe B.won"tyou C.willyou D.don"tyou 81."You"vegotanewdress,too" "Yes.Mineis_______,butnotso_______asyours." A.better,cheap B.morebetter,expensive C.better,moreexpensive D.good,cheaper275
82.Lilywasbusy_______readyfortheexamandwas made______inherroomthe wholeafternoon. A.getting,study B.get,tostudy C.getting,tostudy D.toget,study 83.Shedidn"ttellme________. A.whichroomshelived B.shelived inwhichroom C.whichroomdidshelived D.whichroomshelivedin 84.The_______nowisthatwehavelotsof________toask. A.problem,questions B.question,problems C.question,problem D.problem,question 85.Wouldyoupleasespeakslowly?Icanhardly______you. A.talkwith B.agreewith C.follow D.hearof 86.Pleaseletmeknowifyou________youraddress. A.move B.change C.choose D.find 87.Thesign" ________"isusuallyseenontheboxwithglassin. A.PULL B.CLOSED C.DANGER D.FRAGILE 88.AtweekendsIprefer_______athometo_______out. A.stay,going B.staying,go C.staying,going D.tostay,go 89.Thetreemust ________threetimesaweek. A.water B.iswatering C.bewatered D.waters275
90.They_______somebooksfromtheliararylastweek. A.lend B.lends C.buy D.borrowed 91.---Doyoustillhaveaheadache,Billy? ---No,it"s________.I"mallrightnow,mum. A.dropped B.run C.left D.gone 92.Heiskindandalways_______hishelptoothers. A.receives B.brings C.takes D.offers 93.I"msureourfootballteamwill________theteamfromNO.3MiddleSchool. A.win B.fail C.lose D.beat 94.---Mosthotelsareveryfulltoday. ---Don"tworry! Ihave______aroomalreadyintheChangjiangHotel. A.bought B.booked C.visited D.seen 95.Totheir_______,theyallpassed theexam. A.surprise B.surprised C.surprising D.surprises 96.---OurEnglishteacheroften_____usstoriesinclass. ---Yes,he"ssopopular. A.tells B.asks C.says D.speaks 97.Theywereallout_________themissingchild. A.found B.tolookfor C.findout D.tolookafter275
98.Theboyfelloffthebikeand___________ontheroad. A.lied B.lie C.lay D.laid 99.Ithinktheheadmasterisproudofusbecauseheusually_________usatthee schoolmeeting. A.speakloudly B.thinkshighly C,isprideof D.speakshighlyof 100.Thefunnyboy_______hispockets_______sand. A.filled…in B.filled…with C.full…with D.full…of Key:1----5DCCCB 6----10ADDAB 11----15DDCDA 16----20BBADB 21--25AABDA 26--30BADBA 31---35ACCDC 36---40BDBCD 41--45DBDBC 46--50CABBB 51-55CACCA 56-60CADCD 61---65CCDAB 66-70DAAAD 71-75 BCDBC 76-80DDBDC 81-85ACDAC 86-90 BDCCD 91-95DBDBA 96-100ABCDB 初中英语语法梳理和提高22定语从句讲解试题时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where、when,关系代词和关系副词是引导词,在定语从句中担当某一成份。 关系代词和关系副词的作用:275
先行词指物时,关系代词用that或which(在句中作主语或宾语)。 如:Chinaisacountrywhich/thathasalargepopulation. Thecomputergamewhich/thatheisplayingishisfavorite. 先行词指人时,关系代词用(who)作主语或宾语,whom(作宾语),whose(作定语),that(作主语或宾语)。如: Themanwhoismendingthemachinehasbeenretired. Thisisthepolicemanwho/whomtheyweretalkingaboutyesterday. Ilikethegirlwhosemotherisanactor. 注意:下列情况下关系代词只用that而不用which或who。 先行词是指物的不代词,如:all,little,few,much,none,anything,nothing,everything等时。如:Ididn"tunderstandthewordsallthathesaid. 2.先行词由最高级、序数词以及any,very,only,all,no,just等所修饰。如:ThisisthemostbeautifulplacethatIhavebeento. 行词既包括人,也包括物。如:Theyalwaysliketotalkaboutthemanandthethingsthattheyseeontheroad. 当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。如:whoisthemanthatopenedupthelab. 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! Heisafriend______canhelpyouintimeofneed. A.whohe B.whose C./ D.who 解析:引导词在定语从句中做主语,指人。应选D。 Themostimportantthing______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid. A.which,that B.that,which C.which,which D.that,that 解析:先行词前有序数词,最高级时,引导次只能用that.应选D. Thisistheonlyoneofthesebooksthat______worthreading.275
A.has B.have C.is D.are 解析:引导词that在句中作主语,代指one,应选C。 Theman______talkedtoyoujustnowismyfather. A.who B.he C.which D.whose 解析:引导词在句中作主语指人,应选A. Theythought toomuchabout ______. A.whichIhadsaid B.whatIhadsaid C.thatIhadsaid D.Ihadsaid 解析:此题引导词作在从句中作宾语,表示说话的内容,应选B。 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩! 一、选择最佳答案填空: 1. Didyoufindthenotebook______Jimhadgivenmeformybirthday? A.who B. whom C.which D.whose 2.That"sall______Ihaveseenandheard. A.which B.that C.where D.what 3.Haveyouseentheman______planweweretalkingabout______yesterday? A. who,them B.its,them C.whose,/ D.whose,them 4.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes______offeredtoanyChineseactororactresssofar. A.whicharenot B.thathavenotbeen C.thathasnot D.thathasnotbeen 5.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading. A.that B.as C.who D.which 6.Theman________coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.275
A.who"s B.whose C.that D.ofwhich 7._________cleanstheclassroomcangohomefirst. A.Anyone B.thosewhoo C.However D.Theonewho 8.Thepolicecaughttheman_______stolemyhandbag. A.he B.that C.whom D.which 9.Thegirl________isreadingunderthetree________mysister. A.which,is B.whom,was C.who,is D.who,was 10.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacher_______ lovedclimbing. A.who B.whom C.he D.which 1-5 CDCBA 6-10BDBCA 初中英语语法梳理和提高20状语从句讲解试题时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网 状语从句在复合句中作状语,修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 各类状语从句连接词(短语)一览表: 时间 when,while,as,assoonas,since,until,after,before 条件 If,unless 原因 As,because,since 地点 Where275
目的 Sothat,inorderthat 结果 Sothat,so…that,such…that 让步 though,although,evenif,however 方式 As 比较 than,(not)as…as, 时间状语从句: Wheneverhecomes,hebringsafriend.他每次来都带个朋友。 条件状语从句: AslongasIamalive,Iwillgoonstudying.只要我活着,我就要学习。 原因状语从句: Sincewelivenearthesea,weenjoyniceweather.由于我们住在海边,能享受到好的天气。 地点状语从句: Putitwherewecanallseeit.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。 目的状语从句: Finishthissothatyoucanstartanother.把这个做完,你可以开始另一个。 结果状语从句: Hewassoangrythathecouldn"tsayaword.他气得说不出话了。 让步状语从句: Thoughheisinpoorhealth,heworkshard.虽然他身体不好,但是他工作很努力。 方式状语从句: Studentsdoastheteacherssay.学生们按照老师说的去做。 比较状语从句:275
Theworkisn"taseasyasIthought.这项工作比我想象得难。 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 易混引导词while,when,as的区别: when既可以指"时间点",与瞬间动词连用,也可以指"时间段",与延续性动词连用(=while)。如: Whenhecamein,hismotherwascooking. When(While)wewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday. While表示时间段,因此,while从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如: Pleasedon"ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking. As与when用法相似,但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生,有"随着……"或"一边……一边……"之意。如: Asyougetolder,yougetmoreknowledge.随着年龄的增长,你获得的知识就越多。 2.Because,as,since的区别: Because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题,语气最强;As用于说明原因,着重点在主句,常译成"由于";since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实,常译成"既然"。如: Waterisveryimportantbecausewecan"tlivewithoutit. Hedidn"tcomeyesterdayashismotherwasill. I"lldoitforyousinceyouarebusy. 3.such…that,so…that,sothat引导结果状语从句的区别: such是形容词,修饰名词;so是副词,修饰形容词或副词。其结构如下: 1)such+a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词+that…… 2)such+形容词+复数可数名词+that…… 3)such+形容词+不可数名词+that……。如: ThiswassuchagoodfilmthatIwenttoseeitseveraltimes.275
Itwassuchgoodbooksthattheysellwell. ItwassuchbadweatherthatIhadtostayathome. HespokesofastthatIcouldn"tfollowhim. Heissuchalovelyboythatwealllikehim. =Heissolovelyaboythatwealllikehim. 注:在"形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词"结构中,当名词前有many,much,few,little表示数量的多少时,名词前用so。如: Shemadesomanymistakesthatshedidn"tpasstheexam. 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩! 选择合适的连接词,完成下列句子。 1.Jimspendsalotofmoneyonbooks______heisnotrich. 2.Katefellintosleep______shewaslisteningtothemusic. 3.----IsDavidatschooltoday? ----No.Heisathome______hehasabadcold. 4.Wewon"thavesupper______mymothercomesback. 5.Speaktohimslowly______hemayunderstandyoubetter. 6.______shedoesn"tcomeonSunday,I"llgofishingbymyself. 7.Itisfouryears______Ihadleftthatsmallvillage. 8.______theairmoves,itiscalledwind. 9.Wewillgotothepark______itdoesn"traintomorrow. 10.______littleboysdid______muchwork. 11.Therearefewnewwordsinthepassage______wecan"tunderstandit. 12.Goback______youcomefrom.275
13.Hereachedthestation______thetrainhadleft. 14.----Doyouhaveaswimmingpool? ----No,wedon"t.Atleast,not______big______yours. 15.Givemeyourpaper______youhavefinishedit. 16.Itisraininghard,______wehavetostayathome. 17.______youworkharder,you"llneverpassthefinalexam. 18.Lookaftertechildren______Iamout. 19.Thevillageis______faraway______Ican"tgetthereonfoot. 20.Thatis______aninterestingbook______Ican"tstopreadingit. Keys:1.though 2.while 3.because 4.until 5.sothat 6.Evenif 7.since 8.when 9.if 10.Such,do 11.but 12.where 13.before 14.as(so),as 15.after 16.so 17.unless18.while 19.so,that 20.such,that 初中英语语法梳理和提高19宾语从句讲解试题时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 1.在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。eg,Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语) HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.(动词宾语) MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语) 2.宾语从句的引导词有三类:275
(1) 以that引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句,that可以省略。eg,Theradiosays(that)thecloudswillliftlateron. Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus. (2) 以连接代词which,what,who等或连接副词how,where,why等引导的宾语从句,从句是陈述语序 eg,Couldyoutellmewhat"sthematterwithu? Iwanttoknowhowsoonitwillbegin. (3) 以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序 eg,Iwonderif/whetheruhavetoldthenewtoLiLei. 3.宾语从句的时态 (1) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时,从句可用所需要的任何时态。eg,Iwanttoknowwhattimehegotupthismorning. Youaretellingmethatyouwon"tstopuntiltomorrow? (2) 当主句为一般过去时态时,从句要用于过去有关的时态。 eg,TheyaskedwhatJeanwasdoingnow. Lindasaidthatthetrainhadleft. (3) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时,宾语从句要使用一般现在时。 eg,Lisaaskedwhetherlighttravelsfasterthansound. Pollysaidnonewsisagoodnews 注意:一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,但有些情况例外。 1. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用if eg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe"llgoonthepinic. 2. 引导词与动词不定式或not连用时,只用whether. eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.275
Couldyoutellmewhetherugoornot? 3. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether. eg,Youcan"tworktheplanoutifyoudon"thavethemeeting. 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 1. Theteacheraskedthestudents________. A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaurs B.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn C.whattheywilldowiththecomputers D.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted 解析:宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序,答案B首先删去,主句一般过去式,从句要用于过去有关的时态,删去答案C和D,答案A中的if意为如果. 应选A 2. Couldyoutellme_______? A. whatthematteriswithyou B.whatwasthematterwithyou C.hat"sthematterwithyou D.what"sthewrongwithyou. 解析:what就是从句的主语,what"sthematterwithyou本身就是陈述语序,因此删掉A;主句可看作是委婉的请求,并是一般过去式,可删去答案B;wrong前不用加the,因此此题选C. 3.Heaskedme_______Icouldsingthesong"MyHeartwillGoOn." A.if B.weather C.what D.that 解析:此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词,故删去D;weather意为天气,根据句意应选A. 4.Ourteachertoldusthatthemoon_________roundtheearth. A.went B.turned C.go D.turns 解析:从句是一个客观真理,因此从句的时态不受主句影响。应选D 5.Itmakesnodifference__________.275
A. whetherwillyoucometomorrow. B. Whetherornotwillbepasstheexam C. Ifhewillcometothemeetingornot D. Whetherhewillcometothemeetingornot 解析:答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if不能与not连用。因此此题选D 6.Theydon"tknow_______theirparentsare. A.that B.what C.why D.which 解析:what表示职业,因此选B. 7.Iamsure_______yousaidistrue. A.what B.that C.which D.who 解析:根据句意应用what,做said的内容,你所说的话。应选A. 8.Theoldmantoldus_______and________. A.todowhat,todohow B.whattodoit,howtodoit C.whattodo,howtodoit D.whattodo,howtodo 解析:疑问词what即连接不定式,又做do的宾语;而在how引导的不定式短语中,how表示方式,do为及物动词,因此需接宾语才正确 应选C 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩! 1.---DoyouknowwhentheWorldCup________nextweek? ---NextFriday.Whenit ________,Iwillringyou. A.begins,begins B.begins,willbegin C.willbegin,willbegin D.willbegin,begins 2.---Todayortomorrow? ---Whatareyoutalkingabout?275
---Wearetalkingabout_______togiveatalkonWTO. A.how B.where C.when D.what 3.Iwonder_________. A.wheredoeshelive B.wherehelive C.heliveswhere D.wherehelives 4.---Areyou sureyouhaveto?It"sbeenverylate. ---Idon"tknow_____Icandoitifnotnow. A.where B.why C.when D.how 5.---Wouldyoupleasetellme_________? ---InasmallvillagenearNiingbo. A.wherewasyourmotherborn B.whereyourmotherwasborn C.whenwasyourmotherborn D.whenyourmotherwasborn 6.Thephotographwillshowyou________. A.whatdoesourvillagelooklike B.whatourvillagelookslike C.howdoesourvillagelooklike D.howourvillagelookslike 7.---Canyouguessifthey_______toplaybasketballwithus? ---Ithinkthey"llcomeifthey_________free. A.willcome,willbe B.willcome,are C.come,are D.come,willbe 8.---Wheredoeshecomefrom?275
---Pardon? ---Iaskedwhere_________. A….didhecomefrom B.hecamefrom C.hecomesfrom D.doeshecomefrom 9.Shewondered__________. A.howmuchhecostthecomputer B.howmuchhepaidforthecomputer C.howmuchthecomputerwillcosthim D.howmuchdidhespendonthecomputer 10.---Doyouknow________? ---I"mnotsure.Maybeheisa businessman. A. whoheis B.whoishe C.whathedoes D.whatdoeshedo 1-5DCDCB 6-10BBBBA 初中英语语法梳理和提高18动词不定式讲解试题时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网 动词不定式 不定式:to+动词原形 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 动词不定式的基本形式是"to+动词原形",有时可以不带to。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如:toreadthenewspaper,tospeakatthemeeting等 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语:275
句法作用例句作宾语Shewantedtoborrowedmyradio.Theybegantoreadandwrite.作状语ShewenttoseehergrandmalastSunday.Hecametogiveusatalkyesterday. 作宾语补足语Lucyaskedhimtoturnofftheradio.SheaskedmetospeakmoreloudlyJimtoldLingFengtogohomeatonce.Thefathermadehissonstudyhard.作定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?Ihadsomethingtoeatthismorning.作主语Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy. 注:作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代,动词不定式(或短语)放在后面。例如: Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage. Ittookusthreedaystodothework. 动词不定式的否定形式由"not+动词不定式"构成. 如: Tellhimnottobelate. Thepolicemantoldtheboysnottoplayinthestreet. 4)不定式省去to的情况:在感官动词see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,feel和使役动词make,have,let等所接的宾语中(不定式做宾语不足语),不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如: Letmelistentoyousingthesong. Hewatchedhissonplaycomputergames. Isawhimrunaway.------Hewasseentorunaway. Thebossmaketheworkersworkthewholenight.----Theworkersweremadetoworkthewholenight.275
5)动词不定式和疑问词连用 动词不定式可以和疑问词what,which,how,where,when等连用,构成不定式短语。如: Thequestioniswhentostart. Idon"tknowwheretogo. Heshowedmehowtouseacomputer. Whattodoisabigproblem. 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 翻译下列句子,说出句中不定式的作用: 1.Togrowplantsisveryimportant. 2.Itissonicetohearyourvoice. 3.Mydreamistobeapilot. 4.Hebegantoreadandwriteattheageoffive. 5.Theteacheraskedmetospeakmoreloudly. 6.Tomcametoseemelastnight. 7.Iamgladtoseeyou. 8.Haveyougotanythingtosay? 9.TherearemanyplacestoseeinChina. 10.Iaskedhimnottoopenthewindow. 11.Idon"tknowwhattobuyforyou. 12.Isawhimdance. 13.Heoftenhelpsmecleantheroom. 14.TheyaretooshytospeakEnglish.275
15.Hewasluckyenoughtofindhiswatch. 16.Iwantyoutogotheretogetherwithme. 解析:1、Togrowplants做主语;2、tohearyourvoice做主语;3、tobeapilot作表语;4、toreadandwrite作宾语;5、tospeakmoreloudly作宾语补足语;6、toseeme作状语;7、toseeyou作状语;8、tosay作定语;9、tosee作定语;10、nottoopenthewindow作宾语补足语;11、whattobuy作宾语;12、dance作宾语补足语(省略to);13、cleantheroom作宾语补足语(省略to);14、tospeakEnglish作状语;15、tofindhiswatch作状语;16、togotheretogetherwithme作宾语补足语。 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩! 选择最佳答案填空: 1.Tellhim______thelight. A.toturn B.nottoturnon C.tonotturn D.nottoturn 2.Ittookusmorethantwohours_______thedinner. A.prepare B.preparing C.toprepare D.tobeprepared 3.Wefelttheearth_______. A.move B.moveing C.tomove D.bemoved 4.Thestudentsweremade______thetexttentimes. A.read B.reading C.toread D.toberead 5.Thechairlooksratherhard_______,butinfactitisverycomfortable. A.tosit B.tositon C.sitting D.sit 6.Nobodyknows__________next. A.whattodo B.todowhat C.whichtodo D.howtodo275
7.Itisveryimportant______us________thesewords. A.to,toremember B.for,toremember C.for,remember D.for,remembering 8._______Englishwell,onemusthavealotpractice. A.Forspeaking B.Speaking C.Tospeak D.Speak 9.I"mgoingtothelibrary______thebooks. A.return B.borrow C.toreturn D.tolend 10.Wewenttotown_________someshopping. A.doing B.did C.tomake D.todo 11.Thefunnystory_______melaugh. A.make B.making C.tomake D.made 12.Afterthefinalexam,Ithinkallthestudentswant_________. A.stoptohavearest B.tostophavingarest C.tostoptohavearest D.stoppingtohavearest 13.Itisverykind_______youtohelpmewithmyhousework.Itishard_____metodoall thework. A.of,for B.for,of C.of,to D.to,for 14.Manypeoplethinkitverydifficult_______English. A.tosay B.tolearn C.speak D.forspeaking 15.Theteacheraskedthestudents__________her_______thewordagain. A.listento;toread B.tohear;say C.tolistento;speak D.tolistento;pronounce 16.Remember______thebookheretomorrow.275
A.bring B.tobring C.take D.totake 17.---Let"shavearest,shallwe? ---Notnow.Idon"twanttostop_______theletteryet. A.write B.towrite C.writing D.andwrite 18.---Thisphysicsproblemistoodifficult.Canyoushowme__________,WangLin? ---Sure. A.whattoworkitout B.whattoworkoutit C.howtoworkitout D.howtoworkoutit 19.---HowcanIimprovemyspokenEnglish? ---Youhavetopractise______asmuchas youcan. A.speak B.speaking C.spoken D.tospeak 20.---Howaboutgoinghikingthisweekend? ---Sorry.Iprefer_______ratherthan_______. A.tostayathome,goout B.togoout,stayathome C.stayingathome,goout D.goingout,stayathome 1-5BBACB 6-10 ABCCD 11-15 DCABD 16-20 BCCBA初中英语语法梳理和提高17动词的语态讲解试题时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网 动词的语态275
知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(TheActiveVoice)和被动语态(ThePassiveVoice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,例如: ManypeoplespeakEnglish. (主动语态) Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被动语态) 1、被动语态的构成 被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下: 肯 定 句:主语+be+过去分词+(by…) eg.Heisoftenaskedtodothiswork(byhisboss). 否 定 句:主语+benot+过去分词+(by…) eg.Iamnotinvitedtotheparty(byhim). 一般疑问句:Be+主语+过去分词+(by…)? eg.Areyourclotheswashedbyyourself? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by…)?eg.Whatisthissweatermadeof? 现以动词give为例,其被动语态的各种时态如下:式时 一般 进行 完成现在Am/is/are+givenAm/is/are+being+givenHave/has+been+given过去Was/were+givenWas/were+being+givenHad+been+given将来Shall/will+givenShall/will+be+givenShould/would+be+given含情态词的Can/may/must+be+given 3、被动语态的用法:275
1)当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。例如: Thisjacketismadeofcotton. Englishisspokeninmanycountriesintheworld. 2) 强调动作的承受者时。如:Theboywassavedatlast.这个男孩最后得救了。 3) 主动语态变被动语态的步骤: 主动句: Theboy broke thewindow yesterday. 被动句:Thewindow wasbroken bytheboy yesterday. 步骤一:原句中的宾语thewindow变成主语。 步骤二:谓语动词broke改为被动形式:wasbroken 步骤三:原句中的主语Theboy放在介词by的后面。 步骤四:其他成分如:yesterday不变。 5)有两个宾语的句子的被动语态: A.可有两种被动语态的常用动词有:buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,teach,tell,show,等。 1.Hegavemethebookjustnow. Thebookwasgiventome(byhim)justnow.=Iwasgiventhebook(byhim)justnow. 2.Theyshowtheguardtheirpassportsattheentrancetothebuilding. Thepassportswereshowntotheguardbythemattheentrancetothebuilding. =Theguardwasshownthepassportsbythemattheentrancetothebuilding. B.通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有:bring,do,make,pass,sell,send,sing,write,等。 1.Hewroteheraletter.275
Aletterwaswrittentoher. Mymothermademeaskirt. Askirtwasmade(forme)bymymother. 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩! 一、选择填空 1.Thequestion______byussoon. A.isgoingtodiscuss B.willdiscuss C.isgoingtobediscussed D.hasbeendiscussed 2.Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheaccident,sohe______. A.mustlookafter B.mustbetakencare C.mustbelookedafter D.musttakecareof 3.Allthenewwords______upinthedictionaryyet. A.havelooked B.haven"tlooked C.havebeenlooked D.haven"tbeenlooked 4.Therewasnoroomforyou.Alltheseats______. A. aretaken B.wastaken C.hadtaken D.hadbeentaken 5.Amodelship______hissonbyMrMore. A.wasmadefor B.wasmadeto C.madefor D.makesfor 6.----Dad,pleaseopenthedoor,it______. ----OK,dear.Iamcoming. A.waslocked B.locks C.islocked D.locked 7.Thiskindofsweater______verysoft. A.isfelt B.feels C.feel D.isfeeling275
8.----Haveallthestudentsknownthatourclasswillvisitthefactorythisafternoon? ----Yes.Everystudent______aboutit. A.told B.hastold C.wastold D.tells 9.Thecake______delicious. A.smell B.issmelled C.issmelling D.smells 10.Myfatherhasgivenupsmokingsincehe______on. A.willoperate B.willbeoperated C.operated D.wasoperated 11.Anewschool______thesedays. A.isbuilding B.isbuilt C.wellbuild D.isbeingbuilt 12.Thecake______delicious. A.smell B.issmelled C.issmelling D.smells 13.I________therewould be afootball matchonChannel8tomato A.willtell B.havetold C.wastold D.willbetold 14.Thelibrariantoldmethatthebook______fortwoweeks. A.canbeborrowed B.canbekept C.couldbeborrowed D.couldbekept 15.When______thiskindofcomputer_______? is;used B.was;used C.did;use D.are;used 16.Thenewcomputers_______tothevillageschoolaspresentlastmonth. aregiven B.given C.weregiven D.gave 17.Ireallydon"tknow_______aboutit.275
A.whattodo B.howtodo C.todowhat D.howcanIdo 18.Yourshoes_______.You"dbettercometogettheminhalfanhour. aremending B.havemended C.arebeing mended D.havebeenmended 19.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister______,todayhewasmade____byher. A.cry;tocry B.crying;crying C.cry;cry D.tocry;cry 20.When_____theaccident________? A.was;happened B.has;happened C.washappebeing D.did;happen Key:1----5CCDDA 6----10CBCDD 11-15BDCDB 16-20CACAD 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。 Someideas______(give)tocollegestudentsbyhimyesterday. ----Doyoulikethemusic"Moonlight"? ----Yes,it______reallybeautiful!(sound) Hewon"tcometothepartyunlessSue______.(invite) Thechairneeds______.(repair) "Quick"isanotherwayof______"fast".(say) Thiskindofbike______inthatfactory,butyoucan"tbuyitnow.(make) Cotton______inthecountry.(plant) Man-madesatellites______byChinesepeople.(send) Thiskindsofshoes______outbynow.(sell) Theroommust______ cleaneveryday.(keep) Key:1.weregiven 2.sounds 3.isinvited 4.repairing/ toberepaired 5.saying6.ismade 7.isplanted 8.havebeensent 9.havebeensold 10.bekept275
初中英语语法梳理和提高16介词讲解试题时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网 介 词 介词是一种虚词,用来表示它后面的名词或代词同句中其他某个成分之间的关系。介词在句中不能单独使用,必须连用它的宾语即后面的名词或代词构成介词词组后才能作句子成分。 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 常用介词的主要用法意义介词地点、方位时间动作方向其他aboutaboveacrossafteragainstalongamongaround atbeforebehindbelowbesidebetweenbyduringforfromin 在。。。之上 在。。。之后 在。。。之中在。。。周围、附近在在。。。前面在。。。后面在。。。以下 在。。。之后 在。。。点钟在。。以前 在。。。之间到。。。为止在。。。期间长达从。。。起 横过 沿着 从。。。来 关于、大约 反对,对着 为了 275
insideintolikenearofonlikeoutsideover pastsincetilltotowardsunderuntilwithwithout在。。。旁边在。。。之间在。。。旁边 在。。。里面在。。。里面 靠近 在。。。上面 在。。。之外越过 在。。。下面 在。。。(内、后) 接近 在。。。日 过了。。。自从。。。直到。。。之时到 直到。。。为止 进入 到。。。对,向,朝 像。。。一样 .。。。的 像 超过,在。。。以上(表示数目、程度) 用;有没有 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!275
1.---Whattimedidyougettherethismorning? ---_________eight. A.In B.On C.At D.From 2.Hehasgotachairtosit_______,butnobodytotalk________. A.on,to B./, with C.on,/ D./,to Where"sLily?Weareallhere________her. A.beside B.about C.except D.with Shanghai lies________theeastofChina. A.to B.in C.on D.at 精析:1.答案:C.此题考查学生是否掌握了atinon表示时间的用法。表示几点用at. 2.答案: A.此题考查位置介词on和词组talkto. 3.答案:C.此题考查四个介词的意思。能根据上、下文正确使用。 4.答案:B.此题考查学生是否掌握了表达位置的用法。在表达东、西、南、北的方位时。在范围之内用in,在范围之外用to,相邻用on。 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩! 用适当的介词填空: LastSaturdayIwasbusy______myhomework. Myteacherwasveryangry______mebecauseIwaslate______schoolagain. Kathyprefersahulahoop______abook. Iwillinvitesomefriends______myeighteenthbirthdayparty. Howlonghasheworked______aninventor. Myunclearrived______theairport______themorningofMay3. Iwillalwayshelpmyfriendswhentheyare______trouble.275
Thereisnothing______air______space. Iwon"tbeback______June. ______theage______twenty,hehadwrittentwobooks. Maryfell______herbikeandhurtherrightleg. Hehasbeenaway______China______threeyearsago. WhenIwas______school,Iwas______theschoolfootballteam. Ithinkhewillbe______twoo"clock. Theteacherwasgivensomeflowers______hisstudents. Look,thebirdsaresinging______thetree. Helefttheclassroom______allthewindowsopen. Mysisterisilltoday.Shedoesn"tfeel______eatinganything. It"stoodangerous.Youmustkeepthechildrenaway______thefire. Myparentsarrived______acoldnight. Youshouldapologize______her______steppingonherfoot. Thestudentsaresitting______thetable,readingthenewspaper. Thecityisfamous______itsfootball,andpeoplethereareveryproud______theircityfootballteam. Wearedoingbetter______English______ourteacher"shelp. Don"tworry______me.Everythingisgoingwell______me. Hewaslate______schooltoday,andshecamelate______ school,too. ------Doyouknowwhathappened______Peteryesterday? ------Hewashit______acar.275
Ilikeclothesmade______cotton. HewillgotoHangzhou______hiscartomorrow. ______mysurprise,theEnglishmangaveuphalfway______ theend. Isawthegreatchanges______myowneyes. Youlooktired.Instead______workingindoorsyoushouldbe out______awalk. Wushuisbecomingmoreandmorepopular______foreigners. Ifyouareabletogettheticketstomorrow,pleasetellme______ phone. Thereisgoingtobeareport______Chinesehistory______our schoolthisevening. Before1990therewasnoairline______thetwocities. Sheisdressed______awhiteskirt______redflowers. It"sbad______youtogotowork______breakfast. It"sverynice______youtogetmetwotickets______theWorld Cup. ------Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays? ------IhavebeentoBeiDaihe______afriend______Canada. ------Wouldyoulikesomecoffee? ------Yes,andpleasegetmesomemilk,too.Iprefercoffee______milk. ------WhendidMrSmithcomehere? ------______nineo"clockyesterdaymorning.275
Youmuststand______linewhenyouarewaiting______abus. ------Jack,willyoubehome______timetoseethechildrenbeforetheygotobed? ------Noproblem. Chinalies______theeastofAsiaand______theNorthofAustralia. 46.Ifyoucan"tpasstheexam,you"llfall______others. 47.Ihaveaswimeveryday______yesterday. 48.Weallknowthattheearthmoves______thesun. 49.Thesunlightiscomingin______thewindow. 50.Thisroomisfull______studentsandthatoneisfilled______teachers. Key:1.with 2.with,for 3.to 4.to 5.as 6.at,in 7.in, 8.but,in 9.until 10.At,of 11.off 12.from,since 13.in,on/in 14.in 15.by 16.in 17.with 18.like19.from 20.on 21.to,for 22.at 23.for,of 24.in,with 25.about,with 26.for,to 27.to,by 28.from 29.in 30.To,in 31.with 32.of,for 33.among 34.by 35.on,in 36.between 37.in,with 38.without 39.of,for 40.with,from 41.to 42.At 43.in,for44.in 45.in,to 46.behind 47.except 48.around 49.through 50.of,with 初中英语语法梳理和提高15形容词和副词讲解试题时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网 形容词和副词 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!275
一、形容词 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。 形容词的作用,见下表:作用例句定语Youcanseealotofbeautifulflowersinthegarden.表语Yourcoatistoosmall.宾语补足语Theoldwomankeepseverythingcleanandtidy. 注意:有些形容词只能作表语,如:alone,afraid,asleep等。例如: Don"twakethesleepingbabyup.Heisasleep. Theoldmanisalone. 形容词用来修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词,要放在这些词的后面。例如: You"dbettertellussomethinginteresting. Thepolicefoundnothingstrangeintheroom. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是:1)冠词或人称代词 2)数词 3)性质4)大小 5)形状 6)表示老少,新旧 7)颜色 8)事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如: Hisgrandpastilllivesinthissmallshorthouse. 他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。 ThewomanboughttwobeautifulChineseplates. 那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。 形容词名词化:有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词,表示一类人,谓语常用复数。这类词有:rich/poor; good/bad;young/old;healthy/ill;living/dead;black/white(表示人种等)。例如:275
Theyoungshouldtakegoodcareoftheold. 年轻人应该好好照顾老人。 Therichneverhelpthepoorinthiscountry. 在这个国家,富人从来不帮助穷人。 表示数量的词组。如: Oneday,ayoungman,twenty-fiveyearsold,cametovisittheprofessor. 有一天,一位25岁的年轻人来拜访这位教授。 Iliveinabuildingaboutfiftymetershigh. 我住在一做大约50米高的大楼里。 形容词短语做定语时要后置。如: Theyarethestudentseasytoteach. 他们是很容易较的学生。 Weliveinahousemuchlargerthanyours. 我们住的房子比你们的大得多。 else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如: Didyouseeanybodyelse? 你看到别的人了吗? 二、副词 英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同,它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法: 多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如: Wearelivinghappily. 我们幸福的生活着。275
Herunsslowly. 他跑的很慢。 时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如: Theywenttotheparkyesterdaymorning. 昨天上午他们去公园了。 IheardhimsingEnglishsongsoverthere. 我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。 Hedrovethejeepcarefully. 他小心地开着吉普。 注意:有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首,起强调作用。如: YesterdayIgotuplate. 昨天我起床很晚。 频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后,实义动词之前 如:Heisseldomill. 他很少生病。 Youmustalwaysrememberthis. 你一定要记住这一点。 Ioftenwritetomyparents. 我经常写信给父母。 Doyouusuallygotoschoolonfoot. 你经常走路去上学? HehasneverbeentoBeijing. 他从来没有去过北京。275
注意:有时为了加强语气,频度副词也可放在句首。如: Sometimesshegoestoschoolbybusandsometimesshegoestoschoolbybike. 有时她乘公共汽车上学,有时骑自行车去。 程度副词修饰动词时,与频度副词相同,修饰形容词和副词时,放在它所修 饰的词前面。如: That"squiteearly. 那很早。 Inearlymissedthebus. 我几乎错过了公交车。 Shedidratherbadly. 她干得相当糟。 否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如: Sheseldomgoesoutatnight. 她晚上很少出门。 Iamneverlateforschool. 我上学从不迟到。 Wehadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft. 火车离开时,我们差不多/几乎到了车站。 疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如: Whencanyoucome? 你什么时候来? Howmanydaysarethereinamonth? 一个月有多少天?275
Whatareyougoingtodowhenyougrowup? 张大以后,你打算干什么? Wherewereyouborn? 你是在那里出生的? Whydidn"thecome? 他为什么没有来? 关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句时,位于从句之前、所修饰的词之后。如: Tellmethereasonwhyyoudidit. 把你这样做的理由告诉我。 It"sthesortofdaywhenyou"dliketostayinbed. 这是个令人恋床不起的日子。 Idon"tknowtheplacewherewewillgo. 我不知道我们将要去的地方。 同时存在时间状语和地点状语时,时间状语一般放在后面。如: Themeetingwillbeheldintheclassroomtomorrow. 明天会议将在教室里举行。 HewatchedTVinhisroomlastnight. 他作晚在房间里看电视。 TheyarrivedinBeijingat8o"clocklastevening. 他们昨天晚上8:00到达北京。 注:有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如: late,wide,well,fast,easy,early等 Theroadissowidethat8busescangothrowitatatime.275
Openyourmouthwide. 三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下: 1)符合规则的:情况加法例词一般情况直接加-er;-esttall-taller-tallest以e结尾的词加–r;-stnice-nicer-nicest以“辅音+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-er;-estdry-drier-driestheavy-heavier-heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的词辅音字母双写,再加-er;-estthin-thinner-thinnest多音节和部分双音节单词在词前加more;mostmoredeliciousmostdelicious2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表:原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest形容词和副词比较级的用法级别比较程度表达方式和意义例句备注原 级同等程度肯定形式As+原级+as(像……一样)Artisasinterestingasmusic.Playaswellasyoucan. 275
否定形式not+so(as)+原级+as(不如……那样)Englishisnotsodifficultasscience.ShedoesnotstudysowellasIdo. 比较级不同程度(用于两者比较)比较级+than(比……)JimisolderthanLuky.Ilikeporkbetterthanbeef.比较级前面可以加much,far,even,still,alot,alittle,abit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级(越来越……)The+比较级,the+比较级(越……,越……)Heisgrowingtallerandtaller.Hestudiesbetterandbetter.Themorebooksshereads,thebettersheunderstand. 最高级最高程度(用于三者或三者以上)The+最高级+of(in)(最……)Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.LinTaojumped(the)farthestofall.副词最高级前面的the往往省略 注意:有些形容词,如dead,empty,round,sure,woolen等受本身含义的限制,没有比较级。 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! Heis________friendsthanI. A.muchmore B.manymore C.verymore D.toomore 解析:后面有可数名词复数时,many的比较级形式为manymore修饰。应选B. 2.Whichisthe_________country,JapanorAustralia? A.moredeveloped B.moredeveloping C.mostdeveloped D.mostdeveloping275
解析:两者比较用比较级,表示"发达"用developed,而developing是"发展中的" 意思 3. Therewere_______shopsinthecityin1982thanin1990. A.little B.few C.fewer D.less 解析:little不能修饰可数名词,两者比较需用比较级,所以应选C. 4.Ifyouarenotfreetoday,comeanotherday__________. A.too B.so C.instead D.yet 解析:instead作副词用时意为"代替,顶替",表示前面的事情没做,而是做了后面的事。Instead一般位于句首。应选C. 5.Hecan"ttellus________,Ithink. A.importantanything B.anythingimportant C.importantsomething D.somethingimportant. 解析:不定代词与形容词联用需后置,否定句中应该用anything而不是something.因此应选B 6.TheHuangRiveristhesecond__________riverinourcountry. A.long B.longer C.longest D.thelongest 解析:"定冠词the+序数词+形容词最高级"表示"第几大……"应选C. 7.Thelightintheofficewasn"t________forhimtoread. A.enoughbright B.brightenough C.brightly D.enoughbrightly 解析:enough修饰名词时可前可后,修饰形容词或副词时,要后置。应选B. 8.Therewasanaccidentatthecorner.________,thegirlwasn"t_________hurt. A.luckily,badly B.luck,hardly C.Lucky,heavily D.Lucky,strongly 解析:第一空修饰全句需用副词,第二空修饰形容词hurt也要用副词,因此选A.275
9.Youmustkeepyoureyes_________whenyoudoeyeexercises. A.close B.open C.closed D.,opened 解析:此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。应选C. 10.Fivedayshaspassed,butIhaven"tfinishedhalfofthework.________, A.already B.still C.too D.yet 解析:already与yet都可用于现在完成时态。Already常用于肯定句,而yet常用与否定句。应选D. 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩! 选择最佳答案填空: Don"tworry,sir.I"msureIcanrun_________tocatchupwiththem. A.slowlyenough B.enoughslowly C.fastenough D.enoughfast 2.Thetextisveryeasyforyou.Thereare________newwordsinit. A.afew B.alittle C.few D.little 3.It"ssuchan________filmthatallthestudentsare______init. A.interesting;interested B.interested;interesting C.interesting;interesting D.interested;interested;interested 4.Mingminggotupvery_______,sohecametoschoolhalfanhour______. A.late;lately B.lately;late C.lately;lately D.late;late 5.Iam________worriedaboutyparents"healthyconditions. A.sometimes B.sometime C.sometimes D.sometimes 6.Wedon"thave________everyday. A.alotofschoolworks B.manyschoolwork C.anyschoolworks D.muchschoolwork 7.-Look!Howfastthetwohorsesarerunning!275
--Oh,yes!Theyarenearly_______. A.upanddown B.slowerandslower C.moreorless D.neckandneck 8.______childrenthereareinfamily,_______theirlifewillbe. A.Theless;thebetter B.Thefewer;thebetter C.Fewer;richer D.More;poorer 9.MostofthepeopleinGuangdongaregetting________. A.moreandmorerich B.morerichandmorerich C.richerandricher D.richerandrichest 10.Whichlessonis_______,thisoneorthatone? A.difficult B.muchdifficult C.moredifficult D.themostdifficult 11."A______accidenthappenedat7:30a.m."saidthepoliceman_______. A.serious,serious B.seriously,seriously C.seriously,serious D.serious,seriously 12.________isitfromourschooltoLupuBridge? A.Howlong B.Howoften C.Howfar D.Howmuch 13.Inourcity,itis______inJuly,butitiseven_______inAugust. A.hotter;hottest B.hot;hot C.hotter;hot D.hot;hotter 14.Thispencilis______thatone. A.solongas B.aslongeras C.longerthan D.notaslongestas 15.Thestationistwokilometers_______thehospital. A.awayto B.faraway C.farfrom D.awayfrom 16.Beijinghas______manybusesthatthereisoftenatrafficjaminrushhours. A.so B.very C.too D.much 17.Thisboxis______heavy________Ican"tcarryit.275
A.too,to B.so,that C.very,that D.too,that 18.Indiahasthesecond_______populationintheworld. A.larger B.most C.smallest D.largest 19.Maryreceived________manypostcardsatChristmas. A.so B.such C.too D.even 20.Thecakesmells______.Pleasethrowitaway. A.good B.badly C.bad D.well 21.---Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday? ---Itwasterrible.Itrainedso________thatpeoplecould_______goout. A.hardly…hard B.hardly…hardly C.hard…hardly D.hard…hard 22.Themeetingwillbeheldinhalfanhour,buttheyhaven"tgoteverythingready_____. A.ever B.already C.yet D.still 23.---WhatabouttheEnglishnovel? ---It"snotverydifficult.Thereareonly________newwordsinit. A.few B.afew C.many D.alittle 24.Howbeautifulshesings!I"veneverheard________. A.thebettervoice B.agoodvoice C.thebestvoice D.abettervoice 25. MrSmithalwayshas ________totellus. A.somegoodpiecesofnews B.some piecesofgoodnews C.somegoodpieceofnews D.somepieceofgoodnew275
26.I"mafraidtheheadmasteris_________busytomeetthevisitors. A.toomuch B.muchtoo C.somuch D.verymuch 27.-Dad,whenwillyoubefree? Youagreedtogototheseasidewithmefourdaysago. --Iamsorry,Jean.ButIthinkIwillhavea______holidaysoon. A.four-days B.four-day C.fourdays D.fourday 28.ThesceneryinSanyalooks________,especially"TianYaHaiJiao"is________. A,well,best B.fine,themostfamous C.nice,better D.beautifully,thebest 29.Whata_______dayitis!Let"sgooutforawalk. A.windy B.lovely C.rainy D.cloudy 30.Ofthetwo..Australianstudents,Mashais________one.Ithinkyoucanfindhereasily. A,tallest B,thetaller C.taller D.thetallest 1-5CCADC 6-10 DDBCC 11-15DCDCD 16-20ABDAC 21-25CCADB 26-30 BBBBB初中英语语法梳理和提高14过去完成时态讲解试题时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师初中英语语法梳理和提高14过去完成时态讲解试题 过去完成时态 1)过去完成时态的构成: 肯定式:had+动词的过去分词 275
否定式:hadn"t+动词的过去分词 疑问式:Had…+动词的过去分词 简略回答:Yes,主+have/hashad. No,主+had现在完成时的用法 过去完成时的用法: 1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是"过去的过去"常与bylastyear,bythetimeofyesterday,等连用。如: Shesaidshehadseenthefilm4times. WhenMrLigottotheclassroom,allthestudentshadbegunreading. Bythetimetheyarrived,thebushadleft. 2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for(后跟段时间)或since(后跟点时间)等连用.如: Shehadworkedinthisschoolsinceitopened25yearsago. 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 1.He______inShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforehe______Beijing. A.studied,hadgone B.hadstudied,went C.hasstudied,goes D.hadstudied,hadgone 解析:"他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年"。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前,因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。 2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssincehe______agooddrink. A.enjoyed B.wasenjoying C.hadenjoyed D.wouldenjoy 解析:Itwas+时间段+since引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。 3.XiaoPeisaidshe______Hainanfor3months. A.hasbeenin B.hadbeenin C.hadbeento D.hadgoneto275
解析:"小培说她去了海南三个月 "。havebeento和havegoneto都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的havebeenin.应选B. 时态综合例题解析: 1--WhatareMrandMrsBlackdoing? ---They_____teainthegarden. A.aredrinking B.drank C.havedrunk D.drink 2.Mymotheroftenasksme_____early. A.getup B.gotup C.gettingup D.togetup 3.SoonWuDong____upwithLiLei,thentheywereneckandneck. A.taught B.caught C.bought D.brought 4.Thecar____andstoppedattheredtrafficlight. A.goton B.gotoff C.sloweddown D.pickedup 5.Tom____theCDplayerfortwoweeks. A.haslent B.hasborrowed C.hasbought D.hashad 6.---Doyouknow______? ---Sorry,butifhe_____back,I____youknowassoonaspossible. A.whenwillhebeback,comes,willlet B.whenhewillbeback,willcome,willlet C.whattimewillhebeback,willcome,let D.whattimehewillbeback,comes,willlet 7.We____totheparkifitisfinetomorrow. A.willgo B.havegone C.go 8.Anewshoefactorywill______inthispartofthecity. A.bebuilding B.bebuilt C.build 275
9.---______allyourthings,Tom!Ihatethemhereandthere. ---Ok,Mom. A.Putup B.Puton C.Putdown D.Putaway 10.---Howaboutgoinghikingthisweekend? ---Sorry,Iprefer____ratherthan_____. A.tostayathome,goout B.togoout,stayathome C.stayingathome,goout D.goingout,stayathome 解析: 1.根据问句的时态现在进行时,答句时态要一致,故选答案:A 2.根据句中的谓语动词ask的固定搭配asksbtodosth.故答案:D 3.根据第一句的固定动词词组catchupwithsb及第二句的过去时态,故选答案:B 4.此题主要考查四个动词词组的掌握.根据后半句在红灯时停下来,故选答案:C 5.此题主要考查现在完成时的延续和非延续动词,根据fortwoweeks时间短语。故选答案:C 6.此题主要考查宾语丛句和状语丛句的习惯用法。第一句是特殊疑问句的宾语丛句,要用陈述句语序。第二句是if条件句。丛句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。故选答案:B 7.此题考查if条件句的主句时态,要用一般将来时,故选答案;A 8.此题考查语态。根据全句的意思,使用被动语态。故选答案:B 9.此题考查四个动词词组putup,张贴,举起;puton穿上,上演;putaway把---收拾好。根据后半句"我讨厌到处乱放",故选答案:D 10.此题主要考查一个固定词组:prefertodosthratherthandosth.故选答案:C. 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩! 一、选择最佳答案填空(动词及搭配):275
1.Apolicemansawtwothieves______agirl"smobilephoneonthebusandhecaughtthematonce. A.tosteal B.stealing C.stole D.stolen 2.TheChinesepingpongplayerswilljoininthematch.Let"s______themsuccess. A. wish B.towish C.hope D.tohope 3.Heissocarelessthathealways______hisschoolthingsathome. A. forgets B.forgot C.leaves D.left 4.----Who______thecomputer?Iwanttouseit. ----Timmy.He______itforaweek. A. borrowed,hasborrowed B.hasborrowed,bought C.hasborrowed,haskept D.bought,hasborrowed 5.Look!Oneofthegirls______thedoor. A. cleans B.iscleaning C.clean D.arecleaning 6.Ifyoudon"tfeelwell,youmayjust______. stoppedreading B.stopreading C.stoppedtoread D.stoptoread 7.----Wherecanwegetabaseball? ----Let"s______. A.lendJimone B.lendonetoJim C.borrowonefromJim D.borrowoneofJim 8.----Mymodelshipdoesn"twork. ----Don"tworry.I"llhaveit______thisafternoon. A.repairing B.made C.repaired D.mend 9.You______washyourhandsbeforemeals.275
A.need B.must C.can D.may 10.Willyou______thelight?It"sdarkintheroom. A. geton B.getoff C.trunon D.turnoff 11.MynameisZhangMingjian.Youmay______meZhangMingjianorMrZhang. A.ask B.say C.tell D.call 12.Thereisgoingto______agameinourschoolthisafternoon. A. has B.have C.be D.are 13.You"dbetter______smoking.It"sbadforyourhealth. A. eatup B.giveup C.comeup D.getup 14.----Howdoyoulikethisbook? ----Ithinkithasnothingto______withourstudy. A.make B.do C.take D.hold 15.----WhereisMrBrown?Ihavesomequestionstoaskhim. ----He______theoffice. A.hasbeento B.hasbeenin C.hasgoneto D.hasgonein 16.Thebuskeptthepeople______fortwentyminutes. A.wait B.towait C.waiting D.waits 17.Ibelievethescientistswill______abetterwaytohealthedisease. A.getonwith B.comeupwith C.goonwith D.catchupwith 18.----Whydoyouoften______thispinkblouse? ----Becauseitfitsmewell. A.puton B.wear C.buy D.tryon 19.JackalwaysrunsfasterthanPeter,butthistimehe______him.275
A.wentover B.fellbehind C.putoff D.droppedoff 20.TheInternet______iteasytogetmuchnewinformationinashorttime. A.finds B.makes C.feels D.takes 参考答案:1--5BACCB 6-10BCCBC 11--15DCBBC 16-20CBBBB 二、选择最佳答案填空(动词时态): 1. We__________outbythattimethathe_________athiefforalongtime. A.hadfound,hadbeen B.hadfound,was C.found,hadbeen D.found,was 2. Itsohappenedthatthey________thenovelbefore. A.hadread B.wouldread C.werereading D.read 3. She________fornearlytwohours. A.kepttalking B.kepttotalk C.haskepttalking D.kepttotalking 4. Spring_______afterwinter. A.comes B.came C.hascome D.hadcome 5.-Ihearsomenoiseinthenextroom. -Oh,yes.Yoursister_______there. A.cries B.iscrying C.cried D.wascrying 6. Allthestudents__________toplanttreesandthere"snobodyintheclassroom. A.go B.willgo C.havegone D.woundgo 7.Stop!Alittleboy_________thestreet. A.iscrossing B.crosses C.crossed D.hascrossed275
8.Thegirl________tomilksincelastwinter. A.learns B.learned C.haslearned D.wouldlearn 9.What__________toyouthismorning? A.happens B.ishappened C.happened D.washappened 10.-Theoldmanlookshealthy. -Yes.He________somerunningafterhegetsup. A.does B.did C.hasdone D.willdo 11.Shedidn"tpasstheexamsbecauseshe________herlessonswell. A.wasn"tprepared B.wasn"tbeenprepared C.hadn"tprepared D.waspreparing 12.Thisstory_______inafarawayvillageinEuropemanyyearsago. A.ishappened B.washappened C.happened D.hasbeenhappened 13.-MrKingcamebacktoourvillage. -Really?Forwhat? -Theoldman________thenoiseinthecity. A.ishating B.hates C.washating D.hashated 14.Hisfather________foraweek. A.died B.willdie C.hasbeendied D.hasbeendead 15.Mymotherisill.I_______stayathomeandlookafterher. A.hasto B.must C.would D.haveto 16.---DoyouknowtheFrenchman? ---Yes.I______himfortwoyears.275
A.know B.haveknown C.knew D.havebeenknown 17.They______alltheirmoney,sotheyhavetowalkhome. A. spend B.hadspent C.havespent D.willspend 18.Greatchanges_______inthecity,andalotoffactories_______. A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup B.havetakenplace,havebeensetup C.havetakenplace,havesetup D.weretakenplace,weresetup 19.---WhendidKate"sgrandmadie? ---Whilethedoctors______onher. A.areoperating B.wereoperating C.operate D.operated 20.---Whoareyoulookingfor? ---MrWhite. ---Waithereforawhile.Theclassmeeting_______ overinhalfanhour. A.is B.willbe C.was D.hasbeen 21.Ifshe"snotathome,you______trytelephoningherattheoffice. A.will B.could C.would D.need 22.Allthenewwords______upinthedictionaryyet. A.havelooked B.haven"tlooked C.havebeenlooked D.haven"tbeenlooked 23.Idon"twanttospeaktoher,butI______. A.do B.haveto C.havetospeak D.mustto 24.Hurryup,oryou_____thetrain.275
A.miss B.lose C.willmiss D.willlose 25.Thenewlibrary____nextweek. A..willbuild B.willbebuilt C.wouldbuild D.wouldbebuilt 26.---Where"sMabel? ---She_____pingpongbehindtheteachingbuilding. A.isplaying B.wasplaying C.played D.hadplayed 27.Quiteafewtallbuildings_______thelasttwoyears. A.havebeenputup B.wereputup C.hadputup D.putup 28.Man-made-satellites______intospacebymanycountries. A.wassentup B.issentup C.havebeensentup D.hasbeensentup 29.I_______allthewordsontheblackboard.MayIgohomenow? B. copy B.willcoup C.copied D.havecopied 30.Nobodyknew_______alivinginthatcountry. A.todo B.tomake C.howtodo D.howtomake 31.Theoldmanneedsatmostfivehour"ssleepanight,buthe__________foroversevenhourstonight. A.hasfallenasleep Bhasslept Chasgonetobed D.hasgonetosleep 32.I"mreallygettingtoofat. Fromnowon,I________moreexerciseandeatlessfood. Ahavedone Bdo Camdoing Dwilldo 33.Youdon"tneed__________her.I_________herforseveraltimes.275
Adescribe,hadmet Bdescribe,meet Ctodescribe,havemet Ddescribe,met 34.HisspeechinEnglishwasdifficult__________. Ainfollowing Bforbeingfollowed Ctofollow Dtobefollowedby 35.Whenhewasachild,hetriedtofindways_______people________lifemore. A.tohelp,enjoy B.help,toenjoy C.help,enjoying D.tobehelped,toenjoy 36.Whatdidyourclassteacher________youto_______atthe meeting? A.tell,say B.ask,speak C.tell,speak D.ask,talk 37.______thebusuntilit_______. A.Getoff,stops B.getoff,willstop C.Don"tgetoff,stops D.Don"tgetoff,willstop 38ThelivingstandardofthepeopleinShanghai_______inthelasttenyears. A.hasraised B.hasrisen C.hasbeenraised D.hasbeenrisen 39-WhatdidMrJonesdobeforehemovedhere? -He_______acitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears. A.hasdriven B.drove C.drives D.isdriving 40.Hurryup!Theplay_______fortenminutes. A.hadbegun B.began C.hasbeenon D.hasbegun 1-5CAAAB 6-10CACCC 11-15CCBCD 16-20 BCBBB 21-25ADBCB 26-30AACDD 31-35 BDCCA 36-40ACBBC初中英语语法梳理和提高13过去进行时讲解试题275
时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网 过去进行时 1)过去进行时的构成: was/were+v-ing 2)过去进行时的用法: 过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。例如: ThistimelastyearIwaslivinginBrazil. Whatwereyoudoingat10o"clocklastnight? 3)常用于过去进行时的时间状语: atfouryesterdayafternoon,then,atthattime/moment等。 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! Daddypromisedmehe______meacomputer A.wasbought B.hadbought Cbought D.wouldbuy 解析:"爸爸答应我给我买一台电脑"。宾语从句中的动作是以过去为起点将要发生的动作,应用过去将来时。 选D。 Theysaidthey______dosomesportsifitwasfine. A.weregoingto B.went C.wouldgoing D.weregoing 解析:"他们说如果天气好的话他们打算去运动。"去做运动发生在说话之后,所以应选用过去将来时,答案B不合适,"打算作某事"为"begoingtodo".would后面应跟动词原形,应选A.初中英语语法梳理和提高12动词现在完成时讲解试题时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师 现在完成时 1) 现在完成时的构成:have/has+v-ing275
2)现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和see为例):主语肯定式否定式疑问式 第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I/We/You/Theyhavebeenherebefore.He/Shehasbeenherebefore..I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaveseenthefilm. I/We/You/Theyhaven’tbeenherebefore.He/Shehasn’tbeenherebefore..I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaven’tseenthefilm.Haveyou/theybeenherebefore?Hashe/shebeenherebefore?Haveyou/they/manypeopleseenthefilm? 现在完成时 1) 现在完成时的构成:have/has+v-ing 2)现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和see为例): 在完成时的用法: 1、表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already,just,ever,never,before等词连用.如: Shehasneverreadthisnovel.他从未读过这本小说.(他对小说的内容不了解) 2、表示"过去的动作"一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去.常与for(后跟段时间)或since(后跟点时间)等连用.如: IhavebeenamemberofthePartyfor10years. IhavebeenamemberofthePartysince10yearsago. 注:在有for和since引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词,应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如: Hehasdiedfor3years.(F) Hehasbeendeadfor3years.(T) 注意:①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如:in1998,lastmorning等275
②have/hasbeento表示"去过"(去了又回来了) have/hasgoneto表示"去过"(去了没回来了) 如:Wherehasshegone?(句中所指的人不在) Wherehasshebeen?(句中作指的人在) 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! --Howlong______he______afever? ---Eversincelastnight. A.have,got B.have,had C.have,caught D.did,have 解析:此句表示从昨晚起持续到现在的状态,应用现在完成时,去掉答案D。因为是段时间,所以不能用短暂行动词,get和catch都是短暂行动词。因此选B. Mybowlisempty.Who______allmysoup? A.drinks B.haddrunk C.hasdrunk D.drank 解析:碗是空的了,这里强调的是所发生的动作造成的结果。"谁把我的汤都喝了。应选C. 3. I______youforalongtime.Where______you______? A.Didn"tseen;did,go B.didn"tsee;have,gone C.haven"tseen;have,been D.haven"tseen;havegone 解析:for+段时间一般预先在完成时连用。"你去哪儿了?"(在这段时间你不在)应选C。 初中英语语法梳理和提高11动词一般过去时讲解试题时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网 4.一般过去时 1)一般过去时的构成:275
用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:一般情况+ed以e字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母+y结尾去y变i+ed重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母+ed 2)一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和like为例):主语肯定式否定式疑问式 第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数Iwasastudent.We/You/Theywerestudents.He/Shewasastudent. I/We/You/They/likedmusic.Manypeoplelikedmusic.Iwasnotastudent.We/You/Theywerenotstudents.He/Shewasnotastudent.I/We/You/They/didn’tlikemusic.Manypeopledidn’tlikemusic.Wereyouastudent.Wereyou/theystudents?Washe/sheastudent? Didyou/theylikemusic?Didmanypeoplelikemusic? 3)一般过去时的用法: 1. 过去发生的动作。例如: Thepolicestoppedmeonmywayhomelastnight. 2. 过去存在的状态。例如: Theyweren"tabletocomebecausetheyweresobusy. 3.常用于一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday,threemonthsago,lastyear,in1979,often,always等。 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 1. r.Mottisout.Buthe______hereafewminutesago. A.was B.is C.willbe D.wouldbe275
解析:时分钟前发生的动作,应该用一般过去时。应选A, 2.---Hi,Tom. ---Hello,Fancy.I______youwerehere. A.don"tknow B.won"tthink C.think D.didn"tknow 解析:虽然句中没有明确的时间状语,但是可以通过上下文语境判断出,这句话指的是我这段时间并不知道,你前一阵子在这儿。所以应选A。 3.HepromisedtotellmebyhimselfwhenI______. A.come B.wouldcome C.come D.hadcome 解析:在时间状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来。应选C。 初中英语语法梳理和提高7动词一般将来时讲解试题时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师 一般将来时 1)一般将来时的构成: 1.助动词will(shall)+动词原形 2.am/is/are +going to+动词原形 2)一般将来时的用法: 1.将要发生的动作。例如: IwillleaveforBeijingtomorrow. 2.将要存在的状态。例如: ThistimenextyearIwillbeinJapan.Wherewillyoube? 3.打算要做的事。例如: Areyougoingtowatchthefilmontelevisiontonight?275
3)常用于一般将来时的时间状语: tomorrow nextweek in2008 等。 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 1.I______forHongKongonSaturday.Willyougotoseemeoffattheairport? A.amleaving B.amleft C.amgoingtoleaving D.left 解析:趋向动词leave可用现在进行时表将来。选A。 2.I______toseegrandmaandhelpherwithsomehouseworkeveryweek. A.came B.amgoingcome C.come D.willcome 解析:此题虽然有everyweek,但句意中表达的事将要去做的经常性动作。应该用一般将来时。因此选D。 3. WeChinese______theOlympicGamesin2008. A.held B.shallholding C.areholding D.aregoingtohold 解析:本题的时间状语是将来的时间,所以选用一般将来时,A、D都删去。shall后面应跟动词原型, 故应选D. 初中英语语法梳理和提高10动词现在进行时讲解试题时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师 现在进行时 1)现在进行时的构成:Am/is/are+v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式 v-ing现在分词的构成:一般情况+ing以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ing+ing以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去e+ing275
以重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时.双写词尾字母+ing 2)现在进行时的肯定肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:主语肯定式否定式疑问式 第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数 Iamdriving.He/She/Itisworking.We/You/Theyaredoingsomething. Iamnotdriving.He/She/Itisnotworking.We/You/Theyarenotdoinganything. Areyoudriving?Ishe/she/itworking?Areyou/theydoingsomething? 3)现在进行时的用法: 1.说话时正在进行或发生的动作(动作是在说话时正在进行)。例如: Sheishavingabathnow. 2.现阶段正在进行或发生的动作(但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行)。例如: Youareworkinghardtoday. KatewantstoworkinItaly,sosheislearningItalian. Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingveryfast. 频度副词always,forever等词连用时,表示某种强烈的感情。如: Heisalwaystryingoutnewideas.(表示欣赏,表扬) 表示按计划即将发生的动作(仅限于go,come,arrive,leave,start,fly,begin,stay等动词)。如: Thepartyisbeginningat8:00o"clock. 6)常用于现在进行时态的时间状语:now等。 often usually sometimes always everyday never inthemorning等。275
例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 1.Idon"tthinkthatit"strue.She"salways______lies. A.tell B.tells C.telling D.told 解析:always在这里应现在进行时连用,带有感情色彩,表示讨厌。选C. 2. How______you______withthenewjob? A.do,do B.do,getalong C.are,doing D.are,gettingon 解析:表示现阶段正在发生的动作,用现在进行时。选D. 3.---Arethesesocksyours? ---No.Mine______outsideontheclothesline. A.arehanging B.havehung C.hang D.hung 解析:hang意为悬挂,hung意为上吊、绞死,先排除答案B、D。根据前后句意可判断出现在的状态,应用现在进行时。应选A.初中英语语法梳理和提高9动词一般现在是讲解试题时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网 动 词 动词是表示动作(study,find,swim等)或状态(be,like,feel等)的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 动词分类:动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词四类。 一)助动词275
助动词没有任何含义,不能单独做谓语,只能和行为动词一起构成谓语,帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有be,do,does,did,have,will,shall等。具体用法如下: 1、助动词be的用法如下: 1)构成各种进行时态。如: Itwasrainingalldayyesterday. 昨天整天下雨。 2)构成被动语态。如: Themeetingwasheldyesterdayafternoon. 会议是昨天下午举行的。 3)与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如: TheyaretoseeanEnglishfilmthisevening. 他们今天晚上看英语电影。 2、助动词do的用法如下: 1)构成疑问式或否定式。如: Doeshethinkso? Ididn"tsayanythingabouttheresult. 2)在动词前加上do,does,did表示强调,意为"的确,确实"。如: Theydostudyhard. Shedoeslovehim. Hedidwanttohelptheoldman. 3、have: 助动词have的过去式是had。have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。如: Hehaslivedhereforthreeyears.275
Assoonasthesunhadsettheyreturned. 4、shall,should:助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态;助动词should是shall的过去式,构成过去将来时。如:Ishallsendtenletterstomygoodfriend. ShewantedtoknowifIshouldgotothepalace. 二)情态动词 情态动词本身有一定含义,但不能单独作谓语,要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有:can,may,must,need,should等。 表示能力 表示能力一般用can,could。如:Rosecanspeaknow,butshecouldn"taweekago. beableto也表示能力,它和can的区别如下: 1)表示做事的能力,两者可通用。但can只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时。beableto可用于任何时态。如: Shecould/wasabletoeatfourpiecesofbreadwhenshewasyoung. Theywillbeabletofinishthedrawingsoon. 2)表示过去经过努力而成功的某一次动作,只能用was/wereableto,但在否定句中可互换。如: Shewasweak,butwasabletofinishthetasklastnight. can(could)在疑问句中与第二人称连用时,表示征求对方意见或提出请求,表示委婉语气。虽然could是can的过去式,但是could只是表示比can语气更加委婉客气,没有时间上的差别。如: -Couldyoulendmeyourpen? -Yes,Ican. 表示许可 表示许可一般用may/might,can/could,而且常可互换。Might,could语气比较委婉。要特别注意:回答以might,could开头的疑问句只能用may,can给予直截了当的回答。275
-Might/CouldIborrowyourbook? -Yes,youmay/can. 表示必需、必要 must和haveto都有"必须",一般情况下可互换。如:Youmust/havetofinishthework.. 但他们有如下区别: 1)must表示说话人的主观看法;haveto表示客观需要。如: Imusthaveatalkwithhim. Hehastogiveupsmokingbecauseofbadlycough. 2)否定式mustn"t表示禁止,意为"不准,不可以做";don"thaveto意为"不必"。如: Youmustn"thither. Youdon"thavetoexplainittomeifyoudislikethejob. 注:表示推测的情态动词有表示"一定"的must,表示"很有可能"的should,oughtto和表示"可能"的can,could,may,might。具体用法如下: must表示较有把握的推测,只用于肯定句,不能用语否定句或疑问句。用法如下: 1)对目前动作的推测,用must+动词原形。如: Youmustloseinthemountain. 2)对目前状态的推测,用must+be+表语。如:Youspeakfor4hours,youmustbethirsty. 在肯定句中,表示对现在或将来把握不大的推测用may(might)+动词原形,might比may 的可能性更小;对过去把握不大的推测用may(might)have+过去分词。如: Thepackagemightcometomorrow. Theymayhavekilledtheenemies.275
3、在疑问句中,对现在表示推测用can(could)…+动词原形,对过去表示怀疑则用can(could)…have+过去分词;在否定句中,对现在表示推测用can"t+动词原形,对过去表示推测用can"t(couldn"t)have+过去分词。如: Itcan"tbeJohn.HehasgonetoUK. 4、need的双重身份 need既可作情态动词又可作实意动词,它们的用法不同,如不注意区分,就容易用错。 三)系动词 连词动词的种类 联系动词含有一定意义,它们要与其后做表语的形容词、名词或介词(短语)一起构成合成谓语。系动词按意义可分为三类,而且有自己的特定用法。 1、按意义联系动词有:be,appear,seem,keep,remain,continue,stay,prove等,如:Jimappearsveryold. 2、表示感觉的联系动词有look,feel,smell,sound,taste等。如:Itsmellsbad. 3、表示转变的联系动词有become,fall,get,go,grow,turn等。如: Shebecomesmorebeautifulthanthreeyearsago. 四)行为动词 行为动词又称实义动词,它们都含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,可在句中独立作谓语。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。 1、及物动词 及物动词后一定要跟宾语,意思才能完整。如: Mymothertoldmeshewantedtobuysomebooksforme. 2、不及物动词 不及物动词意义完整,不需带宾语,但如果有些不及物动词非要带宾语时,必须先加介词后加宾语。如: Heonlyworriedabouthisdaughter.275
二、动词的时态 动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种:一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。 1.一般现在时 1)一般现在时态的构成:主语是I,we,you,they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he,she,it和名词单数时,作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:一般情况+s以s,x,ch,sh 或 o结尾+es以辅音+y结尾去y变i+es2)一般现在时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和like为例):主语肯定式否定式疑问式 第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数Iamastudent.We/You/Theyarestudents.He/Sheisastudent. I/We/You/They/likemusic.Manypeoplelikemusic.Iamnotastudent.We/You/Theyarenotstudents.He/Sheisnotastudent.I/We/You/They/don’tlikemusic.Manypeopledon’tlikemusic.Areyouastudent.Areyou/theystudents?Ishe/sheastudent? Doyou/theylikemusic?Domanypeoplelikemusic? 3)一般现在时态的用法: 现阶段经常性,习惯性的动作。例如: Igetupatsixeverymorning. Heplaystennisonceaweek. 现在的状态 例如: Mymotherisateacher.SheteachesEnglishinaschool. 客观真理 例如:275
Theearthgoesaroundthesun. 4)常用于一般现在时态的时间状语: often usually sometimes always everyday never inthemorning等。 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 1. ---MayIhelpyou,sir? ---Yes,IboughttheTVthedaybeforeyesterday,butit______. A.didn"twork B.doesn"twork C.won"twork D.can"twork 解析:电视虽然是前天买的,但坏了是现在的状态,应该用一般现在时态。选B. 2.______thebusuntilit______.. A.Getoff,stops B.Getoff,willstop C.Don"tgetoff,stops D.Don"tgetoff,willstop 解析:这是一个以until引导的时间状语从句,主句是祈使句,因此从句要用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。根据句意此题应用not…until(直到……才)句型。应选C。 3.The70-year-oldman______exercisesinthemorning. A.takes B.aretaking C.took D.willtake 解析:"这个70岁的老人早晨锻炼。"这里锻炼是一个经常性、习惯性的动作。因此,应选A. 初中英语语法梳理和提高8数词讲解例题解析时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网 数 词 英语数词表示数目或者顺序,可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量,序数词表示顺序。 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!275
一、基数词的构成 1.1-12的基数词是独立的单词,即:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。 2.13-19的基数词以-teen结尾。如:fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊,13-thirteen15-fifteen18-eighteen。 3.20-90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如:sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊,20-twenty30-thirty40-forty50-fifty80-eighty。 4.十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号"-",如:28-twenty-eight,96-ninety-six。 5.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:148-onehundredandforty-eight406-fourhundredandsix。 6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。如:600-sixhundred,8百万-eightmillion。 7.1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号","第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无"万"这个词,我们可以用"几十个千(thousand)"表示几万,"几百个千(thousand)"表示"几十万"。如:2,510=twothousandfivehundredandten;84,296=eight-fourthousandtwohundredandninety-six;274,350=twohundredandseventy-fourthousandthreehundredandfifty。 二、序数词的构成 序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成,例如fourth,tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时,有特别之处。 1.one---first, two---second, three---third,five---fifth, nice---ninth, twelve---twelfth 2.以ty结尾的单词,要先变y为I,在加-eth.例如:thirty---thirtieth,fifty---fiftieth 3.以one,two,three等结尾的多位数词,要将各位数变成序数词。例如: twenty-one---twenty-first, onehundredandone---onehundredandfirst 注意:序数词前常用定冠词,有时还可以用不定冠词a/an则表示"又一"的意思。 275
例如:MrBrownhasasecondcar. 布朗先生另外还有一辆车。 Hehastriedasecondtime. 他又尝试了一次。 三、数词的应用 1.时刻的表示:小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。 ①"几点钟"用基数词加o"clock。o"clock可省略。如:5点钟-five(o"clock). ②"几点过几分 ",≤30分钟"用介词past。如:7:05-fivepastseven;7:15-fifteen(aquarter)pastseven;7:30-halfpastseven。 ③"差几分几点"用介词"to"。如:7:40-twentytoeight;7:45-fifteen(aquartertoeight。 ④日常生活中的时间读法常常简化,直接按基数词的顺序读。如:7:05-sevenofive;7:15-sevenfifteen。 2.年月日的表示: ① 年份用基数词,如:1999年-nineteenninety-nine;1900年-nineteenhundred;2000-twothousand;1905-nineteenofive; ② 年用基数词,日用序数词。如:1998年6月8日 写作:June8,1998;读作:Junetheeighth,nineteenninety-eight或theeighthofJune,nineteenninety-eight。 3.世纪、年代表示法: (在)90年代 (in)thenineties (在)19世纪 (in)thenineteenthcentury (在)18世纪30年代 (in)1730s或1730"s 4.编号的表示: ① LessonOne=thefirstlesson第一课; ② BusNo.3=theNo.3bus3路公共汽车; ③ 表示住所时不用"No."如:302房间-Room302(读作:roomthreeotwo);275
④ 如果编号的数词比较长,一般用基数词。如:Page457第457页; ⑤ 电话号码,用基数词,如:3855633-threeeightfivefive(doublefive)sixthreethree(doublethree)。 5.分数的表达: 分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于"1",分母则加"s"。如:1/3onethird,2/3twothirds; 另外:1/2a(one)half;1/4onefourth或a(one)quarter;3/4threefourths或threequarters。 halfasecond;aquarterofasecond四分之一秒 6.表示有小数的词用基数词。 5.5fivepointfive 12.135twelvepointonethreefive 7.表示百分数 5℅:fivepercent(percent),0.8℅zeropointeightpercent(percent). 8.表示有小数的词用基数词。 5.5fivepointfive 12.135twelvepointonethreefive 9.其他用法: 1)基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。如:一个五岁的男孩afive-year-oldboy; 一座800米长的桥an800-metre-longbridge;女子400米接力girls"400-metrerelayrace。 2)具体数词+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long/high/tall/deep/away等。如:长江长6300公里。TheChangjiangRiveris6,300kilometreslong. 3)表示"几十岁"用序数词,eg.在他三十几岁时 inhisthirties275
4)倍数的表达:(一倍用once,两倍用twice,两倍以上用基数词+times。如:5倍fivetimes)。 例如:HeisastallaboyasI. HeisaheadtallerthanI. HeistwoyearsolderthanI ChinaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope. Iamtwiceasoldasyou.(=Iamtwiceolderthanyou./Iamtwicetheageofyou.) Mybooksaretwiceasmanyasyours. ChinaisfourtimeslargerthanEurope.(=ChinaisfourtimesthesizeofEurope.) Ipaytwiceasmuchasitwasworth. Ipaytwiceasmuchforthehouse. 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 1._______ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwellbeforeBeijing 2008Olympic. A.Thousand B.Thousands C.Thousandof D.Thousandsof 2.Bothoftherulesarebroken.Iwanttobuya______one. A.three B.third C.forth D./ 3).---Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour? ---_________. A.Two-thirds B.Ahalf C.Aquarter D.Three-fourths 4).Pleasewritedownthenewwordsinthetextof_______. A.LessonEleven B.theLessonEleven C.LessonEleventh275
解析:1.基数词hundred,thousand,million,billion等前有具体数字时,它们后面不能加s,若这些词后面有介词of(几百,成百上千),thousandsof(几千,数千个),millionsof,billionsof前不可用数词修饰。但可用many,some,several等修饰。故选答案D. 2.答案:B。此题主要考查序数词的运用。 3.答案:C。此题主要考查英语中的分数表示法。英语中表示分数时,分母用序数词,分子用基数词,当分子大于1时,表示分母的序数词后要加s. 4.答案:A。此题主要考查基数词的编号。在通常情况下,名词编号有这几种表示法:1。事物名词+基数词,且每个单词的首字母都要大写。如:LessonEleven;2。定冠词+基数词+事物名词。如:No.6MiddleSchool 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩! 选择填空: 1. _______ ofpeopleintheworldaresendinginformationbyE-maileverday. A.Manymillion B.Severalmillion C.Severalmillions D.Manymillions 2. About_______ofthesurfaceoftheearth_______coveredwithwater. A.threequarter,is B.threequarters,has C.threequarters,is D.threequarter,are 3. Itwilltake_______timetofinishthework. A.oneandahalfyears" B.ayearandhalf C.oneandahalfyear"s D.ayearandhalf"s 4.---Howlongwillyourstayhere?、 ---For________. A.oneandtwoday"s B.oneandtwoday C.adayortwo D.oneortwoday 5.WhenhemovedtoGermanyin______,hewasalreadyin_______. A.thefifties;hissixties B.fifties;hissixties 275
C.thefifties;hissixty D.fifty;sixty 6.Mybrotherlivesin______on______floor. A.sixRoom;second B.Roomsix;thesecond C.Roomsix;twofloor D.theroomsix;thesecond 7.Decemberis_______monthoftheyear. A.twelve B.twelfth C.thetwelfth D.thetwelve 8.Thistookplaceinthe______. A.1940 B.1940s C.1940es D.1940th 9.Itisonly_____frommyhometothetrainstation. A.tenminuteswalk B.ten-minuteswalk C.tenminutes"swalk D.tenminutes"walk 10.Thereare______inthisbuilding,Iliveon______. A.ninefloors,theninthfloor B.ninefloor,theninthfloor C.ninefloor,ninefloors D.ninthfloor,theninthfloor 11.ThewaterbehindtheThreeGorgesDams(三峡大坝)shouldbe______higherthandownstream(下游)。 A.sixty-fivemeter B.sixty-fifthmeter C.sixty-fivemeters D.sixty-fifthmeters 12.Thereare_______daysinayear. A.threehundredsixty-five B.threehundredandsixty-five C.threehundredandsixty-five D.twohundredsandsixty-five 13.---Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool? ---__________.,butI"mnotsure.275
A.Hundreds B.Hundred C.Hundredsof D.Onehundred 14.Thereare_________doctorsandnursesworkinghardinthathospital. A.thousand B.twothousand C.twothousands D.twothousandsof 15.---What"sonefourthandahalf,doyouknow? ---Yes,it"s_________. A.twosixths B.threefourths C.onethree D.threesixth 16.Nowchildren,turntopage________andlookatthe_______pictureinLessonTwo. A.twentieth,one B.twenty,one C.twentieth,first D.twenty,first 17.Bothofthetworulersarebroken.Iwanttobuya_______one. A.three B.third C.forth D./ 18.Decemberisthe__________monthinyear. A.twenty B.twelve C.twentieth D.twelfth 19.---Whatisthedatetoday? ---It"s_________. A.Thursday B.Junethesixteenth C.thebestday D.Junefifteen 20.SheknowsalotaboutChinaasshehasbeentoChina________. A.fortheforthtime B.fourtimes C.afourthtime D.forfourtimes 1-5 CCACA 6-10BCBD 11-15CCCDA 16-20 DBDBB275
初中英语语法梳理和提高6代词例题解析时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 1. Thisisn"t______pencilcase.Ileft______athome. A.my,mine B.me,my C.I,my D.my,myself 解析:此类题主要用于考查学生对人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的掌握情况。要做好这类题,就必须熟练掌握这三类词的用法。应选A。 2. TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Thereare______newwordsinit. A.alittle B.little C.afew D.few 解析:历年来中考始终将little,alittle,few,afew作为一个重要考点,要做好这类题,必须明确几点:(1)little,alittle修饰或代替不可数名词;few,afew修饰或代替可数名词复数。(2)few,little一般表示否定意义;afew,alittle表示肯定意义。应选D。 3. ------CanIcomethiseveningortomorrowmorning? ------______OK.I"mfreetodayandtomorrow. A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None 解析:此类题主要是针对each,every,both,all,either,neither,none等不定代词的考查。Both指两个人或物;all表示三者或三者以上"都",它们都表示肯定意义,均与of连用,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,作定语修饰复数名词。all也可代替不可数名词或一个整体,这时谓语动词用单数形式,either指两者只任何一个,表肯定,表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个用any,neither是either的否定形式,表示两者都不是。应选A。 4. ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargethan______ A. this B.those C.it D.that 解析:在比较级的句型中,经常用that指代前面提到过的不可数名词,用those指代可数名词的复数。选D。 5.------Whenshallwemeetagain?275
------Makeit______dayyoulike.It"sallthesametome. A.one B.any C.another D.all 解析:any表示任何一个。选B。 Hesaid______atthemeetingandjustsattheresilently. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 解析:此句的意思是"他在会上一言不发,只是静静地坐在那里。"根据句意,应选C。 ------Doyouknowthelady______isinterviewingourheadmaster? ------Yes,sheisajournalistfromCCTV. A.which B.who C.whom D.whose 解析:先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语,所以应选B。 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩! 一、用适当的代词填空 Help______tosomeicecream,girls. Hecameupwithanideaatlast,theideaof______wasverygood. Hurry,up,there"s______timeleft. Thereishardly______inthebasket,it"sempty. LiliandCocodon"tknow______address.LilihasneverbeentoCoco"shomeandCocohasneverbeentoLily"shome,either. Heis______akindfriendthat______ofuslikehim. HehavetwoEnglishnovels,buthehasread______ofthem. Idon"tlikethecolorofthisjacket.Couldyoushowme______one? Youmaytake______ofthem,they"rebothgood. Don"tworry.______goeswellhere.275
二、选择最佳答案填空: 1.Thesetwobooksareveryinteresting.Youcanchoose_________ofthem. A.both B.each C.either D.any 2.Hehad________milkbut_________breadforbreakfast. A.many;few B.much;little C.few;much D.little;many 3.Isthere________youwanttosay? A.somethingelse B.anythingelse C.elseanything D.elsesomething 4.A:_________areyougoingtovisit? B:IamgoingtovisitthePalaceMuseum. A.Where B.What C.Why D.When 5.Oneshouldkeep________promise. A.one"sown B.every C.himself D.herself 三、完成句子 1. There"stwoappleshere,youcantake______(任意一个). 2. Lisahastwodaughters.______(没有一个喜欢)traveling. 3. ______(所有的)girlslikesinging. 4. Tosayis______(一回事),todois______(另一回事). 5. Theykeeponeblackcatand______(两只黑的). 6. Hehas______(许多)money,buthehas______(没有)friends. 7. CanshespeakFrench? ______(只会一点). 8. ______(他们中很少有人)cantalkinChinese.275
9. ______(没人)hasbeenreachedfartherthanthemoon. 10. Welookedat______(相互)ingreatsurprise. Key:一、1.yourselves2.his3.no4.anything5.eachother"s6.such,all7.neither8.another9.either10.everything 二、CBBAA 三、1.either2.neither3.all4.onething,anotherthing5.twoblackones6.alotof/much,no 7.Alittle8.Fewofthem9.Noone/Nobody10.eachother 初中英语语法梳理和提高5代词时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 代 词 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 一、 代词的分类英语中常把代词分为人称代词、无主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。 二、 代词的用法 1. 人称代词:人称代词是指人的代词,有性、数、格的区别。表示"我""你""他""我们""你们""他们"。请看下表: 数格 人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称wemeweus第二人称 you youyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit275
(1) 人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如:SheismyEnglishteacher. (2) 宾格在句中作宾语。例如:Theydon"twantmetogotherealone. Don"tworry.Icanlookafterher. (3) 宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如:---Who"sthat? ---It"sme. 注意:①人称代词we,you,they可以用来表示一般人。例如: Youcannotgointothehallwithslippers.不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。 ②人称代的主格作表语,一般都在正中的谈话中,表示强调。例如: Itwashewhotookawaythenecklace.是他拿走了那条项链。 ③人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。例如: Theshipisleaving.She"sonherfirsttriptoBoston.轮船要起航了。这时她第一次去波士顿。 Weloveourcountry,wehopeshe"llbestrongerandstronger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她越来越强大。 ④It作为人称代词时,可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。例如: Itisabout10kilometresfromhere.离这儿大约有10公里。 ⑤It还可用作形式主语或形式宾语,来代替由不定式,动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语,以避免句子头重脚轻。例如: ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell. Itisgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper. Ifounditdifficulttosleep. ⑥英语里当主语是并列的几个人时,人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同,I在最后,you在最前;但是,当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反,I在最前,you在最后。例如: You,heandIareallthewinners.275
I,Lileiandyouarewrong.Weshoulddomorefortheproject. 2.物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。词义类型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs (1) 形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语,后面跟名词。例如: Tooursurprise,hehaspassedtheexam. (2)名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征,在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如: MayIuseyourbike?Mineisatschool. (作主语) Whoseglassesarethese? Theyarehers. (作表语) Mydictionaryislost.CanIuseyours? (作宾语) (3)名词性物主代词可以与of连用,作定语。例如:Afriendofoursarewaitingforus. 3.反身带词:用来表示"某人自己"的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示:词义数我(们)自己你(们)自己他/她/它自己/他们自己单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves (1)反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如: Hersisteristooyoungtodressherself.(作宾语) Hehimselfisalwaysmakingsuchmistakes.(主语同位语)275
You"dbetteraskyourwifeherself.(宾语同位语) (2) 反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配,例如: makeoneselfathome,teachoneself,learnbyoneself,helponeselfto…,etc 4.指示代词:表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表这,这个那,那个这些那些thisthatthesethose this that these those 指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如: Thosearemyparents.(作主语) Throwitlikethat. (作表语) ThetoyslittleTomlikesarethoseinthebasket.(作表语) Thesepicturesaredrawnbyanoldblindman.(作定语) 注意:(1)前面刚刚提到过的东西,常用that,those表示。例如: I"msorrytohearthat. (2)下文将要提到的事情,可用these,this 表示,起启下的作用。例如: Tellthechildrentodolikethis:knockthestickintotheearthfirst,thentiethetreetoit. 5.疑问代词:用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有:who,what,which,whose,whom,在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。 作主语:Whatmakeyousohappy? 作宾语:Who/Whomisyourmanagertalkingwith? 在口语中,作宾语时who和whom可以通用,但在介词后面只能用whom.例如: Aboutwhomtheyaretalkingjustnow? 作定语:Whichsubjectdoyoulikebest?275
作表语:What"syourmother. 6.相互代词:用于表示相互关系的代词。常用的有:eachother,oneanother.相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如: Weshouldhelpeachother. Thevillagershavelookedafteroneanothertheseyear. 相互代词后可以加"s,表示所有关系。例如: Weputthepresentsineachother"sstocking. 7.连接代词:用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有:what,which, who,whomwhose,that例如: Iknowwhathesaidatthemeeting. Theproblemiswhowillmendit. Couldyoutellmewhichisthewaytothepostoffice? 8.不定代词:不定代词没有确定的对象,常用的有:all,each,every,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many,much,other,another,someany,no以及由some,no,any,every构成的复合词。 不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语,而none及含有some,anevery的合成代词不能做定语,no和every只能做定语。 代词 many,few,afew修饰可数名词,much,little,alittle修饰不可数名词。both,either,neither,each用于指两者,all,any,none,every,another用于指三者或三者以上。初中英语语法梳理和提高4冠词综合讲解练习和答案时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网 冠 词 冠词分为不定冠词(a,an)和定冠词(the)275
知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 一、不定冠词的用法 1)用与可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类:例如: Sheisagirl. Passmeanapple,please. 2)、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。例如: Aboyiswaitingforyou Weworksixdaysaweek. 3).表示"一"这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈.例如: WearegoingtohaveanEnglishlessontomorrow. Ihaveamouth,anose,twoeyesandtwoears. 4).用于某些固定的词组中.例如: afew,alittle,alotof 注:用a还是an,要看后面的词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头. 二、定冠词的用法 1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物.例如:thephotooftheboy 2)指双方都知道的人或物.例如: -Wherearethenewbooks,Jim? -Theyareonthesmalltable. 3) 指上文提过的人或物.例如: Todayheismakingamachine. Hewantstoridethemachinelikeabikeandflyitlikeaplane. 4).用在世界上独一无二的事物前.例如:275
Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon. 5).用在序数词或形容词最高级前.例如: Thefirsttruckiscarryingafewbaskets. Thethirdoneiscarryingthefewestofall. 6).用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前.例如: theGreatWall theNorthStreetHospital 7).用在一些习惯用语中.例如: inthemorning(afternoon,evening), ontheleft(right) attheendof 三、不用冠词的情况 1)在专有名词前和不可数名词前。例如: China,GradeTwo,BillSmith,milk 2)名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,some,any等代词。例如: Theletterisinherpocket. Ithinktheshopisclosedatthistimeofday. 3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如: Myfatherandmotherareteachers. Ilikecakes. 4)在星期、月份、季节、节日前。例如: ItisSunday(Monday,Tuesday,etc.) TodayisMid-AutumnDay.275
Itiscoldinwinter. 5)在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如: UncleWanglikesmakingthings. WhatcolourareMrsGreen"sshoes? 6)在三餐饭和球类运动的名称前。例如: Hewenttoschoolafterbreakfast. Canyouplaybasketball? 注:在某些固定词组中,如:athome,bybus,gotoschool等的名词前不用冠词。 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 1._______milkisfood.________milkinthiscuphasgonebad. 2.---Doyoulikeplaying_________football? ---Yes.ButIhaveonly_________basketball. 3.Doyouknow_______girlon________anothersideof________lake? 4.There"s________"u"and________"s"in________work"use". 5.Shesays________animalscant"slivewithout__________air,either. 6.Hisfather,whois________honestman,isteachingin________university. 7.Whichisheavier,________elephantor________horse? 8.________coldwindwasblowingfromthenorth. 9.Heisalwaysreadytohelp_________oldand________young. 10.________Greensaretravelingin_________SouthChina. 11.Although________mostofusliketodrinkbeer,thosewhodrink________mostare_______ leasthealthy. 12.Xiaomeisaw_________interestingfilmlastnight.________filmwasabout_________kinddoctor.275
13.Youcanhave_________secondtryifyoufail_______firsttime. 14.Tomwentto_________schoolasusual,buthedidn"tknowhisfatherwentto________schoolforaparentmeeting. 15.________knowledgebeginswith_________practice. 解析:1./,the (milk是物质名词,一般不用冠词, 但后面加上一个定语inthecup后,使其成为特指,所以需要用定冠词the.) 2./,the (球类运动前不用the;指一个物体要用不定冠词a) 3.the,/,the(特指这个女孩用the;名词前已有定语another;) 4.a,an,the("u"发音以辅音开头所以用a;"s"发音以元音开头所以用an;特指这个单词用the) 5./,/(泛指动物所以不用任何冠词;air不可数名词,其前一般不用冠词) 6.an,the(honest发音以元音开头,故用an,在大学里为intheuniversity) 7.an,a或the,the(不定冠词a,an和定冠词the与名词单数连用表示种类) 8.a(物质名词coffee,food,tea,fog,rain,snow,wind等,在表示 "一种"或 "一场"的意义时,前面要加不定冠词。 9.the,the(形容词前加定冠词,表示一类人) 10.The,/(姓氏的复数前加定冠词the表示一家人;在华南是inSouthChina) 11./,the,the(most当大多数讲时前面不用the;后两空均为形容词的最高级,前面要加the) 12.a,the,a(第一空和第三空都指一个事物,第二空是特指前面提到的电影) 13.a,the(asecondtry指的是第二次) 14./,the(gotoschool去上学, gototheschool去那所学校) 15./,/(具有单纯意义的物质名词或抽象名词前,一般不用冠词) 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩! 一、在空白处填入a/an或the。275
1.---Mum,whatshallwehavefor_______dinner? ---Dumplings. ---Oh,what_______wonderfuldinner!Ienjoyitverymuch. 2._________PLAwasfoundedon__________August1st,1927 3._______Kingscametousat_________noon. 4.Thescientistsfrom________UnitedStateslivein__________NinthStreet. 5.Thedoctortohim,"Take________medicinetwice________day.Stayin_________bedandyou"llbebettersoon." 6.September10this____________Teachers"Day. 7.MrBlackarrivedhereon__________Tuesdaymorning. 8.Therearefourseasonsin_______year.________firstseasonisspring.Itis__________bestoneof__________four. 9.Somepeoplehavebeento_________moon,in_______spaceship. 10._______Chinais_________oldcountrywith_________longhistory 答案 1./,a 2.the,/3.the,/ 4.the,the 5.the,a,/ 6./ 7./ 8.a,the,the,the 9.the,/ 10../,an,/a 二、选择填空: A./ B.a C.an D.the 1. Theyareliving______happylifenow. 2. ______bagon______deskismine. 3. Thereis______emptyboxonthetable. 4. Doyoulike______musicofthefilm"Titanic"? 5. On______Saturday,Istayin______bedtill12:00. 6. ______BrownshavebeentoChinatwice.275
7. Don"tmakeanynoisein______class. 8. Thisissuch______interestingstorythatyoumustlistentoit. 9. NextweektheywillgotoAustraliaby______air. 10. Whichisbigger,______sunor______moon? Key:1----5BDCDA 6----10DACAD 三、在空白处填入a/an或the。 1.ThismorningIbought_____newspaperand_____magazine._______newspaperisinmybagbutIdon"tknowwhereIput______magazine. 2.Isaw______accidentthismorning.______carcrashedinto______tree.______driverof______carwasn"thurtbut______carwasbadlydamaged. 3.Therearetwocarsparkedoutside:______blueoneand_______greyone._______blueoneismyneighbour"s;Idon"tknowwho______ownerof_______greyoneis. 4.Myfriendslivein_______oldhousein_______smallvillage.Thereis_______beautifulgardenbehind_______house.Iwouldliketohave______gardenlikethat. 1.a,a,Thethe 2.an,a,a,The,the,the 3.A,a,thethe,the 4.an,a,a,the,a初中英语语法梳理和提高3名词综合练习和答案时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网 名词的所有格 名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式,一种是在名词后+"s;另一种是用of,表示"……的"。 1.(1)一般词的所有格,直接在词尾+"s。eg.Mr.Mott"srobot,children"sclothes (2)以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+" eg.teachers"books (3)两人共有的物体,则在第二个名词后+"s;如果分别是两人所有,则在每个名词后面275
+"s。eg.LucyandLily"sroom.(指两人共住一个房间) MrsGreen"sandMrsBrown"sson.(指两人各自的儿子) (4)表示某具体场所时,所有格后面的名词可省略 eg.thedoctor"s(office) Mr.White"s 2.(1)没有生命的事物一般用of短语来表示所属关系。 eg.thewalloftheclassroom,apictureofthebedroom, (2)名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。 eg.alongstoryofa50-year-oldman (4) 双重所有格 eg.afriendofhis, thebignoseofTom"s (5) 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加"s来构成所有格。 eg.tenminutes"walk,today"snewspaper 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks. A.ideas B.photos C.news D.stories 解析:much是用来修饰不可数名词的,ABD三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式,C项为不可数名词,因此选C. 2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here. A.orange,orange B.oranges,oranges C.oranges,orange D.orange,oranges 解析:orange有两种含义,一种可数名词橘子,另一种是不可数名词橘汁,此题第一空应填可数名词,第二空填不可数名词,因此选C。 3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________to hishome. A.25minutes"walk B.25minute"swalk275
C.25minutewalk D.25minuteswalk 解析:句中的minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+",而不能+s,因此选A。 4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou. A.people B.person C.thepeople D.theperson 解析:person与people都有"人"的意思,但用法不同."一个人"用"aperson", "两个人"用"twopersons";people泛指"人们"是集合名词,表示复数,thepeople指"人民",apeople指"一个民族".应选B。 5.Helpyourselfto__________. A.chickensandapples B.chickensandapple C.chickenandapple D.chickenandapples 解析:chicken可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词,故应+s,因此选D。 6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________. A.room"snumber B.rooms"number C.roomnumbers D.rooms"numbers 解析:roomnumber房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有myphsicsteacher, twobusdrivers等. 应选C。 7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________. A.family B.house C.home D.room 解析:family指的是家庭或是家庭成员;house指的是房子(住所);room指的是房间;而home指的是家,因此选C. 8.________motherscouldn"tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai. A.MaryandPeter"s B.MaryandPeter C.Mary"sandPeter D.Mary"sandPeter"s275
解析:此句中"mothers"是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。 9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth. A.heruncle B.heruncle"s C.heruncles D.aunt"s 解析:此句意为"李雷这个去她舅舅家多次".表示具体场所时,可省去所有格后面的名词. 因此选B。 10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn"t________inteaching. A.manyexperiences B.muchexperience C.anexperience D.alotexperience 解析:experience 作"经验"讲时是不可数名词,作"经历"讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为"经验",因此是不可数名词,排除AC.又因alotof,lotsof,plentyof只用于肯定句,不用于否定句,因此选B。 11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago. A.you B.your C.yoursister D.yoursister"s 解析:此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。 12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________. A.Frenchmen,Germans B.Germans,Frenchmans C.Frenchmans,Germen D.Germen,Frenchmen 解析: Frenchman是复合词,其复数形式为Frenchmen;German的复数为直接在单词末尾+S,应选A. 13.Theteam________ havingameeting. A.is B.are C.am D.be 解析:team是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组),也可指小组中的成员(表示复数),此题意为后者,因此选B。275
14."Wouldyoulike_________?" "________,please." A.drink,Threecoffees B.acupofdrink,Coffees C.adrink,Acoffee D.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees 解析:drink和coffee是不可数名词,可以用…of来表示数量,eg,threecupsofcoffee, 当前面加a时,则表示 "一杯".因此选C。 15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men. A.earthandstone,millionsof B.earthsandstones,millions C.theearthandstone,millionof D.theearthsandstones,millions 解析:earth是不可数名词,因此删除BD,数以百万的应为millionsof. 因此选A。 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩! 选择最佳答案: 1.Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.The_______wereill,butno_______werelost. A.child,lives B.children,life C.children,lives D.child,life 2.---Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung. ---OK,howhappytheybothlooked! A.myfatherandmother B.mymotherandfather"s C.mymother"sandfather"s D.myfather"sandmymother 3.Thenewstudentisin__________,GradeTwo.275
A.ClassThird B.ThirdClass C.ClassThree D.Threeclass 4.TodayisSeptember10th.It"s__________Day.Let"sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers. A.Teachers B.Teachers" C.theTeachers" D.Teacher"s 5.Themarketisn"tfarfromhere.It"sonly_________bicycleride. A.halfanhours" B.halfanhour"s C.halfanhour D.anhourandahalf 6.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls? ---_________,please. A.Twocupofcoffee B.Twocupsofcoffe C.Twocupsofcoffee D.Twocupsofcoffees 7.DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor_________. A.fun B.wishes C.interest D.thanks 8.Some_________areflyingkitesneartheriver. A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs 9.Aftertheexam,we"llhave________holiday. A.twoweeks B.two-weeks C.twoweeks" D.twoweek"s 10.Theyarethose_________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus. A.visitor B.visitors C.visitor"s D.visitors" 11.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory? ---Therearetwo___________.275
A.hundreds B.hundred C.hundredof D.hundredsof 12.---Whatdoyouthinkofthe_______theMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven? ---Itsoundsreallywonderful. A.subject B.music C.book D.animal 13.Thereisnotenough_________inthecornerforthefridge. A.place B.room C.field D.ground 14._________comesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingit A.Wool B.Pork C.Mutton D.Milk 15.Ifyoudon"ttakemore________,you"llgetfat. A.medicine B.lessons C.photos D.exercise 16.Myschoolisabouttwenty________walkfromhere. A.minute B.minutes" C.minutes"s D.minutes 17.Mum,Ihave_______totellyou! A.agoodnews B.somegoodnews C.somegoodnewes D.muchgoodnews 18.Whichisthe________tothepostoffice? A.street B.way C.road D.address 19.Istayedat________lastSunday. A.myuncles B.myuncles" C.myuncle"s D.myuncle"sfamily 20.Maths________noteasytolearn. A.are B.is C.am D.were275
1-5 CBCBB 6-10CACCD 11-15ABBCD 16-20BBBCB 初中英语语法梳理和提高2名词时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网 二、 名词的数:表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。 1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式:可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加"a或an";复数形式是在名词后加"-s或-es"。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种,规则变化及其读音可依照下表:当名词为:词尾变化读音例词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips,jeeps,pats,clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys,sharpeners,sofas,drawers以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches,boxes,classes,brushes以字母o结尾的单词加s或es/z/zoos,photos,bamboos,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y变i加es/z/dictionaries,strawberries,以f或fe结尾的单词去f或fe变v加es/vz/leaves,wives,halves以th结尾的词加s/ðz/;/θz/mouths,paths;months,deaths 2.可数名词复数的不规则变化 ①改变单数名词中的元音字母275
eg.man--men,woman-women,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse--mice ②单复数同形 eg.Chinese-Chinese,deer-deer,fish-fish,sheep-sheep,… ③由man和woman构成的合成词,每个名词都要变复数 eg.amandoctor-mendoctors,awomanteacher--womenteachers 注意:有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式 eg.trousers,clothes,glasses,shorts,scissors,etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).eg.maths,phyiscs,politics,news 3.不可数名词:表示不能计算数目的人或物,称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式,但有其特殊用法: (1) 同一个词,变成复数形式,意义不同。eg.food食物---foods各种食物, time时间---times 时代,green绿色---greens青菜 (2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物 eg.hope---hopes希望 hardship---hardships艰苦 (3) 物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示 eg.acupoftea,sevenpiecesofbread,severalbagsofrice,… 初中英语语法梳理和提高1名词时间:2009年06月11日 作者:匿名 来源:英语教师网 名 词 表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!275
一、 名词的分类名 词类别意义例词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Jim,China,Qingdao,theUK,theGreatWall普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl,student,factory,desk,cat,country集合名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people,police,team,clothes,group,crew不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water,ice,pork,cheese,cotton,broccoli抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun,healthy,happiness,courage,love,care 注:1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词"the",但它不大写。 3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时,则变为可数名词,而且以四上也有了变化。eg.beer----abeer 一杯啤酒, work---awork 工厂,著作 ,glass---aglass 一个玻璃杯, room空间---aroom一个房间 初三英语系列复习资料(11)主谓一致的考点集汇,讲解和训练时间:2009年05月20日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 十一、主谓一致 【考点直击】 1.语法一致的原则 2.意义一致的原则275
3.邻近一致的原则 【名师点睛】 谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓 一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1.语法一致的原则 (1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如: Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning. Thechildrenareplayingoutside. Toworkhardisnecessaryforastudent. (2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如: BothheandIareright. MrBlackandMrsBlackhaveasoncalledTom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如: Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl. Thepoetandwriterhascome. (3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation. Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp. (4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,with等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如: Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum. Nobodybuttwoboyswaslateforclass.275
Breadandbutterisadailyfoodinthewest. (5)一些只有复数形式的名词,如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如: Alotofpeoplearedancingoutside. Thepolicearelookingforlostboy. (6)由each,some,any,no,every构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如: Iseverybodyready? Somebodyisusingthephone. (7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如: Wherearemyshoes?Ican’tfindthem. Yourtrousersaredirty.You’dbetterchangethem. 如果这类名词前用了apairof等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如: Herearesomenewpairsofshoes. Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed. 2.意义一致的原则 (1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如: Twentyyearsisnotalongtime. Tendollarsistoodear. (2)有些集合名词,如family,team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如: Myfamilyisbigone. MyfamilyarewatchingTV.275
(3)不定代词由all,most,more,some,any,none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如: Alloftheworkhasbeenfinished. Allofthepeoplehavegone. (4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如: Whoisyourbrother? WhoareLeaguemembers? (5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如: Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsarewomen. Three–fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea. (6)half,therest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如: Ihavereadalargepartofthebook,therestismoredifficult. Onlytenstudentsattendedtheclassbecausealltherestwereoffsick. (7)由what引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如: Whatshesaidiscorrect. Whatsheleftmeareafewoldbooks. (8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound. Thedeadisafamousperson.275
3.邻近一致的原则 (1)由连词or,either……or,neither……nor, notonly…butalso,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如: EitheryouorIamright. Neitherthechildrennortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit. (2)在“Therebe”句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Therearetwoapplesandoneegginit. (3)aswellas和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 HeaswellasIisresponsibleforit. 不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。 (4)以here开头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Hereisaletterandsomebooksforyou. 【实例解析】 1.(2004年天津市中考试题) Howtimeflies!Tenyears________passed. A.have B.has C.is D.are 答案:B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Tenyears通常被看作是一个时间整体,谓语动词用单数形式。 2.(2004年南通市中考试题) Notonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrother________totheSummerPalace.Theyhaven’tbeenback. A.havebeen B.havegone C.hasbeen D.hasgone 答案:D。该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由notonly…butalso连接两个并列主语,其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一致,谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来,所以用hasgone而不用hasbeen。275
3.(2004年吉林市中考试题) Neithermyfather________goingtoseethepatient. A.norIam B.norIare C.ormeare D.ormeis 答案:A。该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither…nor是一组连词,可连接连个并列主语,其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致,因此应选A。 4.(2004年包头市中考试题) Look!There_______playingwiththetouristsonYinheSquare. A.areanumberofdeer B.areanumberofdeers C.isanumberofdeer D.isanumberofdeers 答案:A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是anumberofdeer,是个复数概念,因此谓语动词应用复数形式。(deer单复数相同) 【中考演练】 一.选择填空 1.Theysaidtheeighteenthandlastlesson_______quiteeasy. A.is B.was C.are D.were 2.---WhenareyougoingtoKummingforyourholidays? ---Ihaven’tdecided.______thisSunday______nextSundayisOK. A.Both;and B.Either;or C.Neither;nor D.Notonly;butalso 3.______Helen______JoanspeaksbeautifulChineseaftertheycametoChina. A.Neither;nor B.Notonly;butalso C.Both;and D.AandB 4._______ofthemhashisownopinion. A.Both B.Some C.Every D.Each 5.Arethereany_______onthefarm?275
A.horse B.duck C.chicken D.sheep 6.Myshirt_____whiteandmytrousers_____blue. A.are;are B.are;is C.is;is D.is;are 7.------Twomonths_______quitealongtime. ------Yes.I’mafraidthathewillmissalotoflessons. A.isB.areC.wasD.were 8.Theoldmanhastwochildrenbut_____ofthemliveswithhim. A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.all 9.Ourknowledgeofcomputer_____growingallthetime. A.beB.isC.areD.were 10.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan. A.isB.wasC.areD.were 11.Mostofthehouses_______thisyear. A.hasbuilt B.havebuilt C.hasbeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilt 12.Ithinkmaths_____verydifficulttolearn. A.isB.areC.hasD.have 13.Alargenumberofstudents_____toworkinXingjiang. A.havegoneB.hasgoneC.goesD.isgoing 14.Thenumberofthestudentsintheclass______small. A.areB.isC.haveD.were 15.There_____alotofgoodnewsintoday’snewspaper.275
A.isB.areC.wasD.were 二.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1._____(be)everythingOK? 2.Nobody_______(know)theanswertothequestion. 3.Tendividedbytwo_______(be)five. 4.Mostofthedrinkingwater______(be)fromtheBlackRiver. 5.NotonlyshebutalsoI_______(do)morningexerciseseveryday. 6.Eitheryouorshe_____(have)madeawrongdecision. 7.Thefamily_____(be)spendingtheweekendtogether. 8.Breadandbutter______(be)herdailybreakfast. 9.Thepolice_____(be)tryingtocatchthethief. 10.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons. 三.翻译下列句子 1.我们两个人都没有看这部电影。 ___________________________. 2.我的茶杯里没有水了。 ___________________________. 3.不是他就是我要到哪儿去。 ___________________________. 4.学生们和老师都不知道这件事。 ___________________________. 5.我们家正在一起度周末。275
___________________________. 【练习答案】 一.1.B2.B3.D4.D5.D6.D7.A8.C9.B10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.A 二.1.Is2.knows3.is4.is5.do6.has7.are8.is9.are10.was;were 三.1.Neitherofushasseenthefilm. 2.Thereisnowaterinmycup. 3.EitherheorIisgoingthere. 4.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsthismatter. 5.Ourfamilyarespendingtheweekendtogether.初三英语系列复习资料(10)定语从句的考点集汇,讲解和训练时间:2009年05月20日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 十、定语从句 【考点扫描】 中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面: 1.定语从句的功用和结构 2.关系代词和关系副词的功用 3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。 【名师精讲】 一.定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:275
Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday. Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty? IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage? ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived. 二.关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。 1.作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如: Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle. ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell. 2.作宾语: SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday. Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”. 3.作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如: What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor? Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard. 4.作状语 I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing. ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn. 三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:275
Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit. Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever. 2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如: Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate? MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome. 3.whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如: Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday. Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor. 4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如: Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords. Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday. 5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如: I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews. Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere? 6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如: I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm. HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft. 7.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如: Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear. Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity. 四.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如: Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroom275
whichwehadlivedinfortenyears. 五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题: 1.只能使用that,不用which的情况: (1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如: Allthathesaidistrue. (2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如: Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace. (3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如: Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret. (4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear. (5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如: Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered. 2.只能用which,不用that的情况: (1)在非限制性定语从中。例如: Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted. (2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如: Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance. 【中考范例】 1.(2004年哈尔滨中考试题) ---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees? ---Yes,hedoes. A.which B.whose C.where D.who275
【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who合适。 2.(2004年常州市中考试题) Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant. A.who B.where C.what D.that 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物,而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,所以只有that合适。 3.(2004年扬州市中考试题) ---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday? ---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity. A.whom B.who C.whose D.which 【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who合适。 4.(2004年益阳市中考试题) Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle. A.whose B.whom C.which D.who 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who合适。 【满分演练】 一.单项填空 1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher? ---Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher. A.he B.that C.whom D.which 2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble. A.who B.which C.they D.where275
3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada. A.which B.when C.who D.whom 4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing. A.who B.whom C.he D.which 5.Thisistheplace _____Ihaveevervisited. A.there B.when C.where D.which 6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting. A.that B.which C.why D.when 7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife. A.that B.which C.where D.why 8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived. A.when B.where C.that D.which 9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily. A.when B.where C.that D.onwhich 10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman. A.who B.that C.whose D.which 11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation. A.that B.which C.when D.where 12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy. A.inwhich B.that C.whose D.where 13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked. A.which B.that C.when D.where 14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.275
A.that B.which C.when D.where 15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation. A.that B.which C.where D.when 二.用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句 1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago. 2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege. 3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere. 4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther. 5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday. 6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus. 7.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle. 8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek. 9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience. 10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor. 三.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig. 2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever. 3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday. 4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer. 5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited. 6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim. 7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass. 8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.275
9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived? 10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague. 【练习答案】 一.1.B2.A3.C4.A5.D6.C7.C8.A9.C10.C11.D12.B13.D14.D15.B 二.1.Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother. 2.Theoldmanwhoteacheschemistryinacollegeisaprofessor. 3.BeijingHotelwheretheforeignvisitorsliveisnearTianAnMenSquare. 4.Thewomanwhomyouweretalkingaboutisherenow. 5.Thisisthehallwherewelistenedtothereporttheotherday. 6.Thecarwhichjustpasseduswasgoing90milesanhour. 7.Themanwhowaveduswasmyuncle. 8.Ienjoyedreadingthebookyougavemelastweek. 9.ThesubjectIpreferisscience. 10.ThemanIspoketoisaprofessor. 三.1.that/which2.who/that3.that/which4.who/that5.that6.that7.which8.which/that9.where10.when 十、定语从句 【考点扫描】 中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面: 1.定语从句的功用和结构 2.关系代词和关系副词的功用 3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。275
【名师精讲】 一.定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如: Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday. Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty? IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage? ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived. 二.关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。 1.作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如: Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle. ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell. 2.作宾语: SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday. Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”. 3.作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如: What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor? Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard. 4.作状语275
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing. ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn. 三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如: Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit. Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever. 2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如: Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate? MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome. 3.whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如: Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday. Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor. 4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如: Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords. Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday. 5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如: I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews. Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere? 6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如: I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm. HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft. 7.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如: Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.275
Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity. 四.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如: Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroom whichwehadlivedinfortenyears. 五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题: 1.只能使用that,不用which的情况: (1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如: Allthathesaidistrue. (2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如: Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace. (3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如: Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret. (4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear. (5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如: Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered. 2.只能用which,不用that的情况: (1)在非限制性定语从中。例如: Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted. (2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如: Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance. 【中考范例】275
1.(2004年哈尔滨中考试题) ---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees? ---Yes,hedoes. A.which B.whose C.where D.who 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who合适。 2.(2004年常州市中考试题) Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant. A.who B.where C.what D.that 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物,而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,所以只有that合适。 3.(2004年扬州市中考试题) ---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday? ---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity. A.whom B.who C.whose D.which 【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who合适。 4.(2004年益阳市中考试题) Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle. A.whose B.whom C.which D.who 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who合适。 【满分演练】 一.单项填空 1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?275
---Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher. A.he B.that C.whom D.which 2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble. A.who B.which C.they D.where 3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada. A.which B.when C.who D.whom 4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing. A.who B.whom C.he D.which 5.Thisistheplace _____Ihaveevervisited. A.there B.when C.where D.which 6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting. A.that B.which C.why D.when 7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife. A.that B.which C.where D.why 8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived. A.when B.where C.that D.which 9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily. A.when B.where C.that D.onwhich 10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman. A.who B.that C.whose D.which 11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation. A.that B.which C.when D.where 12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.275
A.inwhich B.that C.whose D.where 13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked. A.which B.that C.when D.where 14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn. A.that B.which C.when D.where 15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation. A.that B.which C.where D.when 二.用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句 1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago. 2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege. 3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere. 4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther. 5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday. 6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus. 7.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle. 8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek. 9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience. 10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor. 三.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig. 2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever. 3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday. 4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.275
5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited. 6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim. 7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass. 8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren. 9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived? 10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague. 【练习答案】 一.1.B2.A3.C4.A5.D6.C7.C8.A9.C10.C11.D12.B13.D14.D15.B 二.1.Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother. 2.Theoldmanwhoteacheschemistryinacollegeisaprofessor. 3.BeijingHotelwheretheforeignvisitorsliveisnearTianAnMenSquare. 4.Thewomanwhomyouweretalkingaboutisherenow. 5.Thisisthehallwherewelistenedtothereporttheotherday. 6.Thecarwhichjustpasseduswasgoing90milesanhour. 7.Themanwhowaveduswasmyuncle. 8.Ienjoyedreadingthebookyougavemelastweek. 9.ThesubjectIpreferisscience. 10.ThemanIspoketoisaprofessor. 三.1.that/which2.who/that3.that/which4.who/that5.that6.that7.which8.which/that9.where10.when初三英语系列复习资料(8)宾语从句考点集汇,讲解和训练时间:2009年05月20日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 八、宾语从句275
【考点扫描】 中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面: 1.引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择; 2.宾语从句的语序; 3.宾语从句的时态。 考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。 【名师精讲】 一.宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或 形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。 1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语 和非正式文体中可以省略。例如: Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome. Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill. Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed. 2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如: Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe? Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest. CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis? Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate. 3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如: Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.275
Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim. 二.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如: Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy. Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon. CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo? Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting. 三.宾语从句的时态 1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。 如: Idon’tthink(that)youareright. Pleasetelluswhereheis. CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation? 2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。例如: Heaskedwhattimeitwas. Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet. HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter. HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon. 3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。例如: OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear. Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun. 【中考范例】275
1.(2004年北京市中考试题) MissGreendidn’ttellus_______in2002. A.wheredoesshelive B.Whereshelives C.wheredidshelive D.whereshelived 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态,所以应选D。 2.(2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题) Wouldyoupleasetellme________? A.whendidhecomehome B.wherehewouldplayfootball C.ifhehadseenthefilm D.whyhedidn’twatchthegame 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时,宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。 3.(2004年哈尔滨市中考试题) Idon’tknowwhen__________. A.willthetrainleave B.thetrainwillleave C.wouldthetrainleave D.thetrainleave 【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。 4.(2004年常州市中考试题) ---Wedon’tknow_____________. ---ItissaidthathewasborninSweden. A.whatheis B.ifheliveshere275
C.wherehecomesfrom D.whichcountryishefrom 【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知:他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对,只有C正确。 【满分演练】 一.单项填空 1.Doyouknow_______duringthecomingsummerholiday? A.whatwillTomdo B.whatdidTomdo C.whatTomwilldo D.whatTomdid 2.Iwanttoknow_________. A.whatishisname B.what’shisname C.thathisnameis D.whathisnameis 3.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam? A.that B.whether C.what D.which 4.Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________. A.whichisthewaytothemuseum B.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshopping C.whatisthewaytothemuseum D.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping 5.---Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor? A.that B.whose C.who D.which 6.Mr.Kingdidn’tknow_______yesterdayevening. A.whendoeshissoncomehome B.whenhissoncomeshome275
C.whendidhissoncomehome D.whenhissoncamehome 7.Couldyoutellme_______thebikethismorning? A.howdoeshemend B.howhemends C.howhemended D.howdidhemend 8.---I’mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow________itwillarrive? ---Usuallyitcomesby4:00. A.how B.where C.when D.what 9.---Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme________? ---Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It’snexttoahospital. A.howwecangettothepostoffice B.howcanwegettothepostoffice C.howgettothepostoffice D.howcouldwegettothepostoffice 10.---CanIhelpyou? ---Yes.I’dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellme______taketogetthere? A.howsoonwillit B.howsoonitwill C.howlongitwill D.howlongwillit 11.Hewantedtoknow___________. A.whetherhespeaksatthemeeting B.whenthemeetingwouldstart C.whathe’sgoingtodoatthemeeting275
D.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld 12.---Couldyoutellme_________theBambooGarden? ---Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink. A.whenwillyouvisit B.whenyouwillvisit C.whenwouldyouvisit D.whenyouwouldvisit 13.Wouldyoupleasetellme_________next,MrWang? A.whatshouldwedo B.weshoulddowhat C.whatweshoulddo D.shouldwedowhat 14.Youcan’timagine_________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents. A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywere C.howexcitedwerethey D.theywerehowexcited 15.Iwanttoknow________youwillcomebackat8:00tomorrow. A.that B.when C.where D.whether 16.---Couldyoutellme____________? ---Sorry,Idon’tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting. A.whatdoeshesayatthemeeting B.whatdidhesayatthemeeting C.whathesaysatthemeeting D.whathesaidatthemeeting 17.---Couldyoutellme_________lastnight? ---Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome. A.whatyouweredoing B.whatwereyoudoing275
C.whatyouaredoing D.whatareyoudoing 18.Theteacheraskedthestudents__________. A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaurs B.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn C.whattheywilldowiththecomputers D.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted 19.Everymorningthepatientsareaskedif________theirtemperaturetaken. A.theyhadhad B.havetheyhad C.theyhavehad D.hadtheyhad 20.It’suptoyoutodecide_______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad. A.how B.why C.that D.when 二.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子 1.李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。 LiMingsays______________interestedinplayingcomputergames. 2.我认为玛丽不回来了。 Idon’tthinkMary____________. 3.山姆给我说他准备去上海。 Samtoldmethathe______________forShanghai. 4.请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗? Couldyoutellme_______IcangettotheBellTower? 5.父亲说他买了一台新电脑。 Fathersaidthathe________________anewcomputer.. 6.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。275
Iwanttoknow_________thereisatraintoBeijing. 7.你知道一个双人间多少钱吗? Doyouknow_____________adoubleroom______? 8.请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗? Couldyoutellme____________we’regoingtobeaway? 9.叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。 Unclesaidthathe_____________anewnovel. 10.杰克说他有重要事情要做。 Jacksaidhe_______somethingimportanttodo. 【练习答案】 一.1.C2.D3.B4.B5.C6.D7.C8.C9.A10.C11.B12.B13.C14.B15.D16.D17.A18.A19.C20.A 二.1.heis2.willcome3.wasleaving4.how5.hadbought6.if(whether)7.howmuch8.howlong9.waswriting10.had初三英语系列复习资料(7)有关英语句子的考点集汇,讲解和训练时间:2009年05月20日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 七、句子种类 【考点直击】 按照句子的用途,英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。按照句子的结构,英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。中考对句子的考查主要集中在以下几个方面: 1.陈述句的构成形式及基本用法; 2.祈使句的构成形式及基本用法; 3.一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法;275
4.由what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别 对于各种从句的用法我们在后面分别论述。 【名师点睛】 一.陈述句的构成形式及基本用法 1.陈述句: 陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。通常用降调,句末用句号“.”。 Tomhasanewcar. Theflowerisn’tbeautiful. 2.陈述句否定式的构成 (1)如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。 Heisplayingtheguitar.(肯定) Heisnotplayingtheguitar.(否定) Wecangettherebeforedark.(肯定) Wecan’tgettheebeforedark.(否定) (2)如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。 Heplaystheviolinwell.(肯定) Hedoesn’tplaytheviolinwell.(否定) Shewonthegame.(肯定) Shedidn’twinthegame.(否定) (3)如果句子是therebe结构或谓语动词是have(有),除了be和have之后加not之外,句中如果有some要变为any。例如:275
Thereissomewaterinthecup.→Thereisnotanywaterinthecup. Hehassomebooks.→Hehasnotanybooks. (4)除not以外,否定词no,never,nothing,nobody,few等也可构成否定句。例如: Thereissomethingwrongwithhisbike.→Thereisnothingwrongwithhisbike. Ihaveseenthefilm.→Ihaveneverseenthefilm. 二.祈使句的构成形式及基本用法 祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号“!”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。 1.肯定的祈使句: (1)祈使句主语是you时,you常省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。 Bequiet. Youbequiet! (2)“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求,do起强调作用。 Docomebackatonce! Dobecareful. (3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但please用在句末时,必须用逗号与其余部分分开。 Openthewindow,please. (4)Let引导祈使句时,后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语,人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。 LetJackwaitaminute. Let’sgotoschool. (5)在祈使句中,Let’s和Letus是有区别的。Let’s包括说话者,而Letus不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。275
Let’sgoskating,shallwe?(表示内部的建议) Letustryagain,willyou?(表示向别人发出请求) 2.否定祈使句通常以Don’t或Never开头。其结构通常是:“Don’t(Never)+动词原形+其他成分”例如: Don’tdothatagain! Neverleavetoday’sworkfortomorrow! Don’tbelatenexttime! 三.一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法 1.一般疑问句: (1)一般疑问句的肯定形式 一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have(有)开始,通常要求以yes,或no来回答的疑问句,一般疑问句读时通常用升调。 DoyouknowMr.Smith? Canyouswim? (2)一般疑问句的否定结构 ①在一般疑问句的否定结构中,把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形式-n’t,则须将-n’t与一般疑问句句首的be,have,助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中,一般都采用简略式。 Areyounotafootballfan? Aren’tyouafootballfan? Willshenotlikeit? Won’tshelikeit? ②与汉语不同的是,英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定,全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的,则用yes加肯定结构;若答语是否定的,则用no加否定结构。 Aren’tyouafootballfan?你不是足球迷吗?275
Yes,Iam. No,Iamnot. Won’tshelikeit? Yes,shewill. No,shewon’t. 2.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成,句子一般用倒装语序,但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时,用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答,读时用降调。例如: Whoisondutytoday? HowlonghaveyoubeeninBeijing? Whattimedoyougetupeverymorning? WhatmustIdonow? 常用的特殊疑问句 询问内容 疑问词或句型 例 句 回 答 职业,身份 what Whatisyourfather? Heisadoctor. 姓名或关系 who Whoisthatboy? HeisJack. Heismybrother 相貌特征 what…like? Whatisshelike? Whatdoesshelook275
like? Sheisbeautiful. 目的 what…for? Whatdidtheycomeherefor? Toattendameeting. 原因 why Whydidtheycomehere? Becausetheyhaveameetingtoattend. 天气 how what…like? Howistheweathertoday? Whatistheweatherliketoday? It’sfine. 颜色 whatcolor…? Whatdolorisherskirt? It’sred. 服装尺寸 whatsize Whatsizedoeshewear? Hewars40. 几点钟 whattime Whattimeisit? It’s7:30. 星期几 whatday Whatdayistoday? It’sTuesday. 几号,日期 whatisthedate…? Whatisthedate275
today? It’sMay2. 年龄(多大) howold Howoldishe? Heis38. 持续多长时间(多久) howlong Howlonghaveyoubeenhere? Forfivemonths. 长度(多长) howlong Howlongisthebridge? It’s500metres. 距离(多远) howfar Howfarisitfromheretothezoo? It’s6kilometres. 频度 (多经常) howoften Howoftendoyoucomeback? Onceaweek. 时间经过 (多快) howsoon Howsoonwillshearrive? Inanweek. 数量 (多少) howmany(可数名词) howmuch(不可数名词) Howmanyjacketsdoyouhave? Howmuchcoffeedoyouwant? Three. Two275
cups. 价格 howmuch Howmuchisit? Howmuchdoesitcost? Fivedollars. 高度 (多高) howtall(人,树) howhigh(山,建筑物) Howtallisshe? Howhighisthetower? She’s1.73metres. It’s450metres. 3.选择疑问句: 选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况,让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接,or前面的部分读升调,or后面的部分读降调。 选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答,而必须具体的选择答复。 Isyourbagyelloworblack? It’sblack.。 Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee? Eitherwilldo.。 Whichdoyoulikebetter,singingordancing? Ilikedancingbetter. 4.反意疑问句: 反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句,问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。 (1)肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句,否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。 Iamyourteacher,aren’tI? Hedidn’tstudyhard,didhe?275
(2)如果陈述句中含有否定副词never(从不,决不),hardly(几乎不)或其他表示否定代词或形容词,如nothing,nonenoone,nobody,neither,few,little等,则附加问句只能用肯定式。如: Theyhardlywritetoeachother,dothey? Hehasfoundnothing,hashe? Fewpeopleknewthesecret,didthey? (3)当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时,英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况,若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定结构”,答语的具体内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构”,而译成汉语时,则必须把yes译“不是”,把no译成“是的”。 ---Youwon’tbeawayforlong,willyou?你不会离开太久,是吗? ---Yes,Iwill.不,我会离开很久。 ---No,Iwon’t.是的,我不会离开很久。 ---Idon’tthinkshe’llcomebybike,willshe?我认为她不会骑自行车,会吗? ---Yes,shewill.不,她会骑自行车来。 ---No,shewon’t.是的,她不会骑自行车来。 四.由what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别 感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“!”,读时用降调,感叹句往往由what或how引导,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词,副词或动词。 1.what引导的感叹句: (1)what+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) Whatabeautifulcityitis! Whataninterestingstoryshetold! (2)what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) Whatexpensivewatchestheyare!275
Whatterribleweatheritis! 2.How引导的感叹句: (1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语) Howcolditis! Howhardheworks! (2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语) Howheloveshisson! HowImissyou! (3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) Howtallatreeitis! (4)上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如: Whatacleverboyheis!→Howclevertheboyis! Whatacolddayitis!→Howcolditis! 【实例解析】 1.(2004年上海徐汇区中考试题) _________usefulcomputeritis! A.What B.Whata C.Whatan D.How 答案:B。该题考查的是感叹句的结构。这个感叹句的中心词是一单数可数名词computer,所以要用what来修饰,又因为useful第一个发音是辅音,what之后的不定冠词用a,而不用an。 2.(2004年嘉兴市中考试题) ---________isitfromJiaxingtoHangzhou? ---I’mnotsure,butittakesaboutninetyminutestogettherebybus. A.Howmany B.Howoften C.Howmuch D.Howfar275
答案:D。该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是在问距离,所以应用howfar来提问。 3.(2004年河北省中考试题) ---_______willittakeustogettherebybus? ---Abouttwohours. A.Howsoon B.Howoften C.Howlong D.Howquick 答案:C。该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是在问时间,所以应用howlong来提问。 4.(2004年长沙市中考试题) ---Help!Thereisasnakenearthehouse. ---________afraid.Itwillgoawaylater. A.Don’t B.Not C.Don’tbe D.Be 答案:C。该题考查的是祈使句的结构。祈使句的否定结构是:“Don’t(Never)+动词原形+其他成分”符合这一要求的只有C。 【中考演练】 一.单项填空 1.---Excuseme,_______isthenearestbookshop? ---Godownthestreetandturnleftatthesecondcorner. A.how B.what C.where D.who 2.---______isitfromourschooltotheBellTower? ---Abouthalfanhour’sbusride.Shallwegoandvisitit? A.Howlong B.Howoften C.Howfar D.Howmuch 3.---Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,_______? ---No.Shegotuptoolate.275
A.hadshe B.hadn’tshe C.didshe D.didn’tshe 4.---Theroomissodirty.______wecleanit? ---Ofcourse. A.Will B.Would C.Do D.Shall 5.---__________,sir? ---Size41,Ithink A.Whatsizedoyouneed B.WhatcanIdoforyou C.Howdoyoulikethisshirt D.What’sthematterwithyou 6.---_______goodweather!Whynotgooutforawalk? A.What B.How C.Whata D.Howa 7.---It’sanicecar.______haveyoubeeninit? ---JusttoShanghai. A.Howmuch B.Howlong C.Howsoon D.Howfar 8.---_______totheUnitedStates? ---No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago. A.Haveyoubeen B.Haveyougone C.Didyougo D.Willyougo 9.---_______wereyouawayfromschoollastyear? ---Abouttwoweeks. A.Howoften B.Howsoon C.Howlong D.When 10.---______doyouwant? ---IwantaCDofpopularsongs. A.WhichCD B.HowmanyCDs275
C.WhatCD D.Howmuch 11._______isyourmother,ateacheroradoctor? A.What B.Which C.Who D.whose 12.---______isyourmothertoday,Jim? ---Sheismuchbetter. A.How B.What C.Where D.Howold 13.---______he______atthisschoollastterm? ---Yes,Ithinkso. A.Did…study B.Does…study C.Was…study D.Did…studied 14.---_______didyoubegintolearnEnglish? ---Threeyearsago. A.When B.Why C.Where D.What 15.---________doyouwritetoyourpen-friend? ---Onceaweek. A.Howlong B.Howsoon C.Howfar D.Howoften 16._______niceflowers!Wheredidyoupickthem? A.How B.What C.Whata D.Howa 17.Thesickman’sallowedtotakeawalkinthegardeneveryday,_______? A.ishe B.isn’the C.hashe D.hasn’the 18. ______crosstheroadbeforethetrafficlightsturngreen. A.Not B.Won’t C.Don’t D.Doesn’t 19.Hefoundnothingintheroom,_________?275
A.doesn’the B.doeshe C.didn’the D.didhe 20.Youhaven’tchangedyourmind,________? A.doyou B.areyou C.haveyou D.didyou 二.句型转换(按要求改写下列句子) 1.Bruceboughtadictionaryyesterday.(改为否定句) Bruce________________adictionaryyesterday. 2.Mr.Smithdoesmorningexerciseseveryday.(改为一般疑问句) ________Mr.Smith______morningexerciseseveryday? 3.AllanwillgobacktoEnglandbyplanenextmonth.(就划线部分提问) _______________AllangobacktoEnglandnextmonth? 4.Therearesomeapplesonthetable.(改为否定句) There______________applesonthetable. 5.Whensheseesyou,shewilltellyouthenews(就划线部分提问) _____________shetellyouthenews? 6.UncleWanglikesmakingthings.(改写为否定句) UncleWang______________makingthings. 7.Annreturnedthebooktothelibraryyesterday.(改为一般疑问句) ________Ann_______thebooktothelibraryyesterday? 8.Ourcityisverybeautiful.(改为感叹句) ______________ourcityis! 9.Hehasworkedinthisschoolforfiveyears.(就划线部分提问)275
______________hasheworkedinthisschool? 10.Bothofthemaremybestfriends.(改为否定句) _______ofthem_______mybestfriend. 11.Theyarehappytoseeeachother.(改为感叹句) _____________theyaretoseeeachother! 12.Theexambeginsatnine.(改为一般疑问句) ________theexam_______atnine? 13.Hewasplayingbasketballatfouryesterdayafternoon.(就划线部分提问) ____________he______atfouryesterdayafternoon? 14.Hehadnothingforbreakfast.(改为反意疑问句) Hehadnothingforbreakfast_____________? 15.Shedoesn’tthinkIcansurfontheInternet.(改反意疑问句) Shedoesn’tthinkIcansurfontheInternet,______________? 16.He’sputthetreeinthehole?(改为一般疑问句) ______he______thetreeinthehole? 17.Howusefulthebookis!(改为陈述句) Itis____________usefulbook. 18.ThepopulationofAustraliaisabout19,500,000.(就划线部分提问) _____________populationofAustralia? 19.Themeetingwillstartintenminutes.(就划线部分提问) _____________willthemeetingstart? 20.Don’ttellhimtocometomyoffice.(改为肯定的祈使句) ____________tocometomyoffice.275
三.句子翻译:根据所给汉语完成英语句子,每空一词。 1.我母亲通常在星期日打扫卫生,洗衣服。 Mymotherusually_________somecleaningand__________onSundays. 2.在今晚的聚会上我们肯定会玩得痛快。 We’re__________tohave__________atthepartythisevening. 3.你看明天有可能结束这项工作吗? Doyouthink_________________tofinishtheworktomorrow? 4.你怎样与你的邻居相处好? ________canyougetonwell________yourneighbours? 5.西安的新变化使参观者们感到惊奇。 The_________are__________atthenewchangesinXi’an. 6.天冷了,请穿上暖和的衣服。 It’scold.Please______________warmclothes. 7.爱迪生在小时候就对科学感兴趣。 Edison_____________________scienceevenwhenhewasasmallboy. 8.尽管他失败了很多次,但他没有灰心。 Eventhoughhehadfailedmanytimes,hedidn’t_______________. 9.无论发生什么事情,我都会和你在一起。 ___________happens,I’llbewithyou. 10.楼上的噪音害得我整晚无法入睡。 Thenoisesupstairsmademenotableto______________allnight. 【练习答案】275
一.1.C2.C3.C4.D5.A6.A7.D8.A9.C10.C11.A12.A13.A14.A15.D16.B17.B18.C19.D20.C 二.1.didn’tbuy2.Does;do3.Howwill4.aren’tany5.Whenwill6.doesn’tlike7.Did;return8.Howbeautiful9.Howlong10.Neither;is11.Howhappy12.Does;begin13.Whatwas;doing14.didhe15.doesshe16.Has;put17.sucha18.What’sthe19.Howsoon29.Tellhim 三.1.does;washing2.sure;fun3.it/it’spossible4.How;with5.visitors;amazed/surprised6.puton7.wasinterestedin8.loseheart9.Whatever10.fallasleep 初三英语系列复习资料(6)介词、连词考点集汇,讲解和训练时间:2009年05月20日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 六、介词和连词 【考点直击】 1.常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义; 2.常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义。 3.并列连词and,but,or,so等的主要用法; 4.常用的从属连词的基本用法 【名师点睛】 1.介词的功能 介词是一种虚词,用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系,不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。例如: TheboyoverthereisJohn’sbrother.(定语) Thegirlwillbebackintwohours. (状语) OurEnglishteacherisfromAustralia.(表语) Helpyourselftosomefish. (宾语补足语)275
2.常用介词的用法辨析 (1)表时间的介词 1)at,inon 表示时间点用at。例如:atsixo’clock,atnoon,atmidnight。表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in。例如:intheninettenthcentury,in2002,inmay,inwinter,inthemorning,intheafternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on。例如:onMonday,onJuly1st,onSundaymorning等。 2)since,after 由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去,因而要与一般过去时连用。例如: Ihaven’theardfromhimsincelastsummer. Afterfivedaystheboycameback. 3)in,after in与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如: Hewillbebackintwomonths. Hewillarriveafterfouro’clock. Hereturnedafteramonth. (2)表示地点的介词 1)at,in,on at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如: HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday. Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.275
Thereisabigholeinthewall. Theteacherputupapictureonthewall. 2)over,above,on over,on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。例如: Thereisabridgeovertheriver. Weflewabovetheclouds. Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk. 3)across,through across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”,但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如: Thedogranacrossthegrass. Theboyswamacrosstheriver. Theywalkedthroughtheforest. Ipushedthroughthecrowds. 4)infrontof,inthefrontof infrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。例如: Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding. Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom. 3.介词的固定搭配 介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。 (1)介词与动词的搭配275
listento,laughat,getto,lookforwaitfor,hearfrom,turnon,turnoff,worryabout,thinkof,lookafter,spend…on…,等。 (2)介词与名词的搭配 ontime,intime,bybus,onfoot,withpleasure,onone’swayto,introuble,atbreakfast,attheendof,intheend等。 (3)介词与形容词的搭配 belatefor,beafraidof,begoodat,beinterestedin,beangrywith,befullof,besorryfor等。 4.连词的功能 用来连接词,短语,从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词,在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。 5.并列连词 并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词,短语或句子。常见的并列连词有: (1)表并列关系的and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor等。 (2)表选择关系的or,either…or等。 (3)表转折关系的but,while等。 (4)表因果关系的for,so等。 6.从属连词 从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有: (1)引导时间状语从句的after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,assoonas等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if,unless等。 (3)引导原因状语从句的because,as,since等。 (4)引导目的状语从句的sothat,inorderthat等。 (5)引导让步状语从句的though,although,evenif等。 (6)引导结果状语从句的sothat,so…that,such…that等。275
(7)引导比较状语从句的than,as…as等。 (8)引导名词从句的that,if,whether等。 7.常用连词的用法辨析 (1)while,when,as 这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句,但用法有所不同。 1)当某事正在进行的时候,又发生了另一件事。While,when,as都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如: As/When/WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreetInoticedapolicecar. 2)当两个长动作同时进行的时候,最常用的是while。例如: Whilemotherwascookinglunch,Iwasdoingmyhomework. 3)当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时,最常用的是as。例如: Aschildrengetolder,theybecomemoreandmoreinterestedinthingsaroundthem. 4)当两个短动作同时发生时,或表示“一边…一边…”时,最常用as。例如: Justashecaughtthefly,hegavealoudcry. Shelookedbehindfromtimetotimeasshewent 5)当从句的动作先于主句的动作时,通常用when。例如: Whenhefinishedhiswork,hetookashortrest. 6)当从句是瞬间动作,主句是延续性动作时,通常用when。例如: WhenJohnarrivedIwascookinglunch. (2)as,because,since,for 这四个词都可表原因,但用法有区别。 1)如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。因此,because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如:275
Istayedathomebecauseitrained. ---Whyaren’tyougoing? ---BecauseIdon’twantto. 2)如果原因已被人们所知,或不如句子的其它部分重要,就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如: Ashewasn’tready,weleftwithouthim. SinceIhavenomoney,Ican’tbuyanyfood. 3)for用来补充说明一种理由,因此,for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如: Idecidedtostopandhavelunch----forIwasfeelingquitehungry. (3)if,whether if和whether都可作“是否”讲,在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如: Iwonderwhether(if)youstillstudyinthatschool. Idon’tknowwhether(if)helikesthatfilm. 在下列情况下,只能用whether,不能用if: 1)引导主语从句时。例如: Whetherhewillcometothepartyisunknown. 2)引导表语从句时。例如: ThequestioniswhetherIcanpasstheexam. 3)在不定式前。例如: Ihaven’tmadeupmymindwhethertogothereornot. (4)so…that,such...that 1)so…that中的so是个副词,其后只能跟形容词或副词,而such...that中的such是个形容词,后接名词或名词短语。例如:275
I’msotiredthatIcan’twalkanyfarther. Itwassuchawarmdaythathewentswimming. 2)如果在名词之前有many,much,little,few时,用so,不用such。例如: Hehassolittleeducationthatheisunabletogetajob. IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover. (5)either…or…,neither…nor,notonly…butalso… 这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时, 谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如: Eitheryouorheiswrong. Neitherhenorhischildrenlikefish. Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentswanttobuythebook. (6)although,but 这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如:我们不能说“Althoughheis oversixty,butheworksashardasothers.”这个句子应改为:Althoughheisoversixty,heworksashardasothers.或Heisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers. (7)because,so 这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如:我们不能说“BecauseJohn wasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.”这个句子应改为BecauseJohnwasill,Itookhimtothedoctor.或Johnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor. 【实例解析】 1.(2004年北京市中考试题) ---WhenwillMrBlackcometoBeijing? ---___________September5.275
A.On B.To C.At D.In 答案:A。表示时间的介词的用法。表示某一天用介词on。 2.(2004年安徽省中考试题) Theboysfeltsadastheylost________thegirlsinthetalkshow. A.by B.in C.to D.on 答案:C。该题考查的是介词和动词的固定搭配。lose表示输给谁的时候用介词to。应选C。 3.(2004年吉林省中考试题) ---Ilikeridingfast.It’sveryexciting. ---Oh!Youmustn’tdoitlikethat,________itmayhaveanaccident. A.and B.or C.so D.but 答案:B。该题考查的是并列连词的用法。答语的意思是“你不要那样做,否则会发生事故的。”在这四个并列连词中,只有or含有这样的意思,所以应选B。 4.(2004年天津市中考试题) Johnfellasleep________hewaslisteningtothemusic. A.after B.before C.while D.assoonas 答案:C。该题考查的是引导时间状语从句的常用从属连词的用法。本句的含义是“约翰在听音乐的时候睡着了。”表示在干某事时发生了某个事情”通常用while。因此应选C。 【中考演练】 一.单项填空 1.WetraveledovernighttoParisandarrived_______5o’clock______themorning. A.on;in B.at;in C.at;on D.in;on 2.Where’sLily?Weareallhere_______her.275
A.beside B.about C.except D.with 3.Shesentherfriendapostcard_______abirthdaypresent. A.on B.as C.for D.of 4.JackhasstudiedChineseinthisschool_______theyearof2000. A.since B.in C.on D.by 5.---Whatisawritingbrush,doyouknow? ---It’s_______writinganddrawing. A.with B.to C.for D.by 6.Englishiswidelyused______travellersandbusinesspeopleallovertheworld. A.to B.for C.as D.by 7.______thehelpofmyteacher,Icaughtupwiththeotherstudents. A.Under B.In C.With D.On 8.HongKongis______thesouthofChina,andMacaois______thewestofHongKong. A.in;to B.to;to C.to;in D.in;in 9.---You’dbetternotgooutnow.It’sraining. ---Itdoesn’tmatter.Mynewcoatcankeep______rain. A.in B.of C.with D.off 10.Japanlies______theeastofChina. A.to B.in C.about D.at 11.---WilltheforeignershaveanyproblemstalkingwithChinesein2008? ---Idon’tthinkso.Now______theyoung______theoldcanspeaksomeEnglish.275
A.either…or B.notonly…butalso C.neither…nor D.both…or 12.Wedidn’tcatchthetrain_______weleftlate. A.so B.because C.but D.though 13.Tomfailedintheexamagain_______hewantedtopassitverymuch. A.if B.so C.though D.as 14.Iwon’tbelievethatthefive-year-oldboycanreadfivethousandwords______Ihavetestedhimmyself. A.after B.when C.if D.until 15.Thebookwassointerestingthathehadreaditforthreehours______herealizedit. A.when B.until C.after D.before 16.---Thisdresswaslastyear’sstyle. ---Ithinkitstilllooksperfect______ithasgoneoutthisyear. A.sothat B.eventhough C.asif D.eversince 17.Hurryup,_______youwillmissthetrain. A.and B.so C.however D.or 18.Themountainwas______steep_____fewpeopleinourcityreachedthetop. A.so…as B.so…that C.as…as D.too…to 19.---DoyourememberourpleasantjourneytoXi’an? ---Ofcourse.Iremembereverything______ithappenedyesterday. A.assoonas B.eventhough C.ratherthan D.asif275
20.______youcan’tanswerthisquestion,wehavetoasksomeoneelseforhelp. A.Although B.While C.Whether D.Since 二.用适当的介词填空 1.---Howareyougoingtothetrainstationtomeetyouraunt? ---I’mgoingthere_______mycar. 2.Mum,todayisMother’sDay.MikeandIwanttoinviteyoutohavedinner_____usatZhonglouRestaurant. 3.Hangzhouisfamous______theWestLake. 4.Todaysomenewly-producedmobilephonescantakepictures______acamera. 5.Couldyoutellmeifthereisaflighttothecapital______March,25th? 6.Weallagree______you.Let’sstartatonce. 7.Thereisabigshop______theothersideoftheroad. 8.---Whichnecklacehaveyoulost? ---Theoneyougaveme_____mybirthday. 9.Youshouldtakemoreexercise.It’sgood______yourhealth. 10.Itisclearthatfishcannotlive_______water. 三.用适当的连词填空 1.______theyarebrothers,theydon’tlooklikeeachotheratall. 2.Thedresswasveryexpensive,______Ididn’tbuyit. 3.---Doyouknow______Icouldpasstheexam? ---Sorry,I’venoidea. 4.Mr.BrownknowslittleJapanese,______hecan’tunderstandtheinstructionsonthebottleofthepills.275
5.Thewarwasoveraboutayearago,______theAmericansoldiersinIraqarestillhavingalotoftroubletodealwith. 6.---IsDavidatschooltoday? ---No.Heisathome_______hehasabadcold. 7._____Lily_____Lucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome. 8.Studyhard,_____youaresuretohaveagoodresultintheexam. 9.Pleasehaveawash_______yougotobed. 10.Thetwinshavelearnedalot______theycametoChina. 【练习答案】 一.1.B2.C3.B4.A5.C6.D7.C8.A9.D10.A11.B12.B13.C14.D15.D16.B17.D18.B19.D20.D 二.1.in2.with3.for4.like5.on6.with7.on8.for9.for10.without 三.1.Although/Though2.so3.if/whether4.so5.but6.because7.Either…or8.and9.before10.since初三英语系列复习资料(5)代词考点集汇,讲解和训练时间:2009年05月20日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 五、代词 【考点直击】 1.人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法; 2.名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法; 3反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法; 4常见不定代词的一般用法; 5.指示代词的一般用法,并了解其在上下文中的指代用法;275
6.相互代词的基本用法; 7.疑问代词的基本用法。 8.关系代词的基本用法。 【名师点睛】 代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。 一.人称代词 1.人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示。 2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。如: Iliketabletennis.(作主语) Doyouknowhim?(作宾语) 3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如: ---Whosisknockingatthedoor? ---It’sme. 4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。如: Heisolderthanme. HeisolderthanIam. 二.物主代词 1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性 物主代词,如下表所示。 2.形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。例如:275
Ourteacheriscomingtoseeus. Thisisherpencil-box. 3.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。 Ourschoolishere,andtheirsisthere.(作主语) ---IsthisEnglish-bookyours?(作表语) ---No.Mineisinmybag. I"vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours?(作宾语) 三.指示代词 指示代词包括:this,that,these,those。 1.this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those 则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,例如: Thisisapenandthatisapencil. Wearebusythesedays. Inthosedaystheworkershadahardtime. 2.有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this和these则是指下面将要讲 到的事物,例如: Ihadacold.That"swhyIdidn"tcome. WhatIwanttosayisthis;pronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish. 3.有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替,例如: TelevisionsetsmadeinBeijingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai. 4.this在电话用语中代表自己,that则代表对方。例如: Hello!ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeaking?275
四.反身代词 英语中用来表示"我自己","你自己","他自己","我们自己","你们自己" 等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词,其形式如表所示。 反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。 1.作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人 或一些人。 Hecalledhimselfawriter. WouldyoupleaseexpressyourselfinEnglish? 2.作表语。 Itdoesn"tmatter.I"llbemyselfsoon. Thegirlinthenewsismyself. 3.作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。 Imyselfwashedtheclothes.(=Iwashedtheclothesmyself.)(作主语同位语) Youshouldasktheteacherhimself.(作宾语同位语) 五.不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,在句中可作主语、表 语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下: 1.some与any的区别 1)some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,几个”作形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词+复数动词。 Look!Someofthestudentsarecleaningthelibrary. .Somericeinthebaghasbeensoldout.275
2)any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词+复数动词。 Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskme. Thereisn"tanyorangeinthebottle. Haveyougotanytea? 3)any和some也可以作代词用,表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中,some多用于肯定句中。 Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture? Ican"tseeany. Ifyouhavenomoney,I"lllendyousome. 注意:与some,any结合的词如something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和some,any的用法相同。 2.few,afew,little,alittle在用法上的区别 1)用作形容词: 含义 用法 表示肯定 表示否定 用于可数名词 afew虽少,但有几个 few不多,几乎没有 用于不可数名词275
alittle,虽少,但有一点 little不多,没有什么 I"mgoingtobuyafewapples. HecanspeakonlyalittleChinese. Thereisonlyalittlemilkintheglass. Hehasfewfriends. Theyhadlittlemoneywiththem. 2)alittle和little也可以用作副词,alittle表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。 I"malittlehungry.(修饰形容词hungry) Lethimsleepalittle.(修饰动词sleep) Mary,goalittlefaster,please.(修饰副词比较级) Shesleptverylittlelastnight. 3.other,theother,another,others,theothers的区别。 用 法 代名词 形容词 单数 复数 单数275
复数 不定 another 另一个 others 别人,其他人 another(boy) 另一个(男孩) other(boys) 其他男孩 特定 theother 另一个 theothers 其余那些人、物 theother(boy) 另一个男孩 theother(boys) 其余那些男孩 275
1)other可以作形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复数名词,意思是“其他的、别 的”。 Wherearehisotherbooks? Ihaven"tanyotherbooksexceptthisone. 2)other也可以用作代词,与冠词the连用构成“theother”,表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one...,theother...”句型。 Hehastwobrothers.Oneis10yearsold,theotheris5yearsold. Sheheldarulerinonehandandanexercise-bookintheother. 3)other作代词用时,可以有复数“others”,泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some....,others...”句型。 Somewenttothecinema,otherswentswimming. Thiscoatistoolarge.Showmesomeothers,please. 4)“theothers”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。 Wegothomeby4o"clock,buttheothersdidn"tgetbackuntil8o"clock. InourclassonlyTomisEnglish,theothersareChinese. 5)another可以作形容词用,修饰后面的名词,意为“另一个”,还可以跟代词one. Youcanseeanothershipinthesea,can"tyou? Marydoesn"twanttobuythisskirt.Wouldyoupleaseshowheranotherone? 6)another也可以作代词用,表示“另一个”。 I"mstillhungryafterI"vehadthiscake.Pleasegivemeanother. 4.every与each的区别。 each every 275
1)可单独使用 1)不可单独使用 2)可做代名词、形容词 2)仅作形容词 3)着重“个别” 3)着重“全体”,毫无例外 4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物 4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物 Theteachergaveatoytoeachchild. Eachballhasadifferentcolour. 当我们说eachchild,eachstudent或eachteacher时,我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说everychild和everystudent时,我们想到的是全体的情况,every的意思与all接近,表示他们都如此。 EverystudentlovestheEnglishteacher.=AllstudentslovetheEnglishteacher. Everychildlikesplaying.=Allchildrenlikeplaying. 5.all和both的用法。 1)all指三者以上,或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数,也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。 AllofuslikeMrPope.我们都喜欢Pope先生。(作主语) =WealllikeMrPope.(作同位语)275
Allthewaterhasbeenusedup.(作主语) That"sallfortoday.(作表语) Whynoteatall(of)thefish?(作宾语) Alltheleadersarehere.(作定语) 2)both作代词。 ①与其他名词或代词并列出现,表示“两个都”。 LucyandLilybothagreewithus. Theybothpassedontheirsticksatthesametime. Howareyourparents?They"rebothfine. ②与“of+代词(或名词)”连用,表示“两者都”。 BothofthemcametoseeMary. Bothofthebooksareveryinteresting. ③单独使用,表示“两者(都)”。 Michaelhastwosons.Bothareclever. Idon"tknowwhichbookisthebetter,Ishallreadboth. 3)both用作形容词,放在名词之前,修饰该名词,表示“两者都”。 Bothhisyoungersistersareourclassmates. .Therearetalltreesonbothsidesofthestreet. 六.相互代词 表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有eachother和oneanother两种形式。在当代英语中,eachother和oneanother没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语,定语。作定语用时,相互代词用所有格形式。 Weshouldlearnfromeachother/oneanother.(作宾语) Doyouoftenwritetoeachother/oneanother?(作宾语)275
Weoftenborroweachother"s/oneanother"sbooks.(作定语) Thestudentscorrectedeachother"s/oneanother"smistakesintheirhomework. (作定语) 七.疑问代词 疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑 问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如: Whoisgoingtocomeheretomorrow?(作主语) Whatisthat? (作表语) Whoseumbrellaisthis? (作定语) Whomareyouwaitingfor?(作宾语) 八.关系代词 关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有who,whose,whom,that,which.它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语.在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如: Ihatepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle. I’mlookingatthephotographwhichyousentmewithyourletter. Withthemoneythathehadsaved,hewentonwithhisstudies. Doyouknowtheladywhoisinterviewingourheadmaster? 【实例解析】 1.(2004年北京市中考试题) Mary,pleaseshow________yourpicture. A.my B.mine C.I D.me 答案:D。该提考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。在本题中,动词show的后面要跟双宾语,空白处缺少一个间接宾语,所以应选me。275
2.(2004年北京市中考试题) ---What’sonTVtonight?Isthere_________interesting? ---I’mafraidnot. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 答案:B。该提考查的是不定代词的用法。这是一个疑问句。在疑问句中,通常用anything。 3.(2004年上海徐汇区中考试题) ________ofthemhashisownopinion. A.Both B.Some C.Every D.Each 答案:D。该题考查的是不定代词用法。因为谓语动词是单数形式,所以Both和Some都不对。Every不能作主语,所以只有Each合适。 4.(2004年安徽省中考试题) ---Whereismypen? ---Oh,sorry.Ihavetaken_______bymistake. A.yours B.his C.mine D.hers 答案:A。该题考查的是物主代词的用法。根据题干的背景,我们可以判断出错拿的钢笔应该是对方的,所以选yours。 【中考演练】 一.单项填空 1.Tom,Pleasepass________theglasses.Iwanttoreadthenewspapers. A.you B.me C.him D.her 2.TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Thereare______newwordsinit. A.alittle B.little C.afew D.few 3.---Youwant________sandwich?275
---Yes,IusuallyeatalotwhenI’mhungry. A.other B.another C.others D.theother 4.ThedoctorsandnursesaredoingtheirbesttofightSARS.Theythinkmoreofothersthan_______. A.they B.them C.themselves D.theirs 5.---Whichdoyouprefer,abottleoforangeorabottleofmilk? ---______________,thanks.I’dlikeacupoftea. A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None 6.---Oh!Icameinahurryandforgottobringfood. ---Nevermind.Youcanhave________. A.us B.ours C.you D.yours 7.---CanIcomethiseveningortomorrowmorning? ---_______isOK.I’mfreetodayandtomorrow. A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None 8.---Howareyougoingtoimprove_______thisterm? ---Workharderthanlastterm. A.ourselves B.myself C.himself D.yourself 9.---Couldyoutellme_______sheislookingfor? ---Hercousin,Susan. A.that B.whose C.who D.which 10.---Is_______here? ---No.LiLeiandHanMeihaveaskedforleave. A.everybody B.somebody C.anybody D.nobody275
11.Paulhas_______friendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeelslonely. A.many B.some C.few D.more 12.Ifyouwanttobookaround-tripticket,you’llhavetopay______$30. A.more B.other C.theother D.another 13.---Doyoulivebyyourself,MrWang? ---Yes.Ihavetwosons.But______ofthemliveswithme.TheyarenowstudyinginAmerica? A.neither B.both C.none D.either 14.---HaveyousentyourparentsanE-mailtellingthemyouarrivedsafe? ---No._______ofthemcanuseacomputer. A.None B.Both C.Neither D.All 15.Whotaught_______Englishlastterm?Was_____Mr.Smith? A.you;it B.you;he C.your;it D.your;that 16.---Thatwomanhasabaginherrighthand.What’sinher_____hand? A.another B.other C.one D.theother 17.Wedecidedtogoforafieldtripwithsomefriendsof_______. A.us B.our C.ours D.ourselves 18.---Isthereabustothezoo? ---I’mafraidthere’s_______bustothezoo. A.no B.any C.some D.none 19.Youforgotyourdictionary?Youmayhave_______. A.me B.my C.mine D.myself 20.Thisis______classroom.Whereis_______?275
A.our;them B.us;they C.our;theirs D.ours;theirs 二.用所给代词的适当形式填空 1.Thisisnotmypencil-box._______(I)isinthebag. 2.Treesareplantedin______(we)countryeveryyear,whichmakesourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful. 3.---IsthatbikeMissGao’s? ---Yes,itis______(she).Beautiful,isn’tit? 4.Help______(you)tosomefruit,Jack. 5.---Whotaughtyourbrothertosurf? ---Nobody.Helearntallby_______(he). 6.TheirEnglishteacherisfromAmerica,but______(we)isfromEngland. 7.Mary’sanswerisdifferentfrom________(I). 8.---Mywatchkeepsgoodtime.Whatabout_______(you)? ---Mine?Oh,twominutesslow. 9.Samismybrother.Doyouliketoplaywith______(he)? 10.Didyouenjoy_______(you),MaryandKate? 三.用适当的代词填空 1.Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisaworker,_______isateacher. 2.Studentsareusuallyinterestedinsports.Somelikerunning;somelikeswimming;_______likeballgames. 3.Let’sgoandhaveadrink.We’vegot_______timebeforethetrainleaves. 4.Wewereallverytired,but_______ofuswouldliketohavearest. 5.______ofthetwinsareinourclass. 6.Boys,don’ttouchthemachines,oryoumayhurt_______.275
7.Itissaidthereisgoingtobe________importantintheCCTVnews. 8.Wecouldn’tbuyanythingbecause_______oftheshopsopenedatthattime. 9.Theydidn’tlearn_______newinthislesson. 10.---Whyis______easyforsuchayounggirltolearnthreeforeignlanguagessowell? ---BecauseBritain,GermanyandFranceareallverynear______country. 四.用适当的疑问代词和关系代词填空 1.______isthepopulationoftheworldtoday? 2._______jumpedthelongestofallinthelongjump? 3.---_______colourisyourmother’sdress? ---It’sblack. 4.---______isyourcar? ---Theredoneinfrontofthetree. 5.---______ofthefollowingcanyouoftenfindonamedicinebottle? ---Iknow,sir.It’sinstruction. 6.Thenecklace______sheiswearingisbeautiful. 7.Doyouknowtheperson_______losthisbike? 8.Mostpeople_______liveinlessdevelopedcountriesarequitepoor. 9.Theboy______ishelpingtheoldmanisJohn’sbrother. 10.People______usecreditcardstobuythingsonlineshouldbeverycareful 【练习答案】 一.1.B2.D3.B4.C5.B6.B7.A8.D9.C10.A11.C12.D13.A14.C15.A16.B17.C18.A19.C20.C275
二.1.Mine2.our3.hers4.yourself5.himself6.ours7.mine8.yours9.him10.yourselves 三.1..theother2.others3.alittle4.none5.Both6.yourselves7.something8.none9.anything10.it;her 四.1.What2.Who3.What4.Which5.Which6.that/which7.that/who8.who/that9.who/that10.who/that初三英语系列复习资料(4)数词、冠词考点集汇,讲解和训练时间:2009年05月20日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 四、冠词和数词 【考点直击】 1.不定冠词a与an的用法 2.定冠词the的用法 3."零"冠词 4.基数词的用法 5.序数词的用法 【名师点睛】 一.冠词的用法 冠词是虚词,放在名词之前,用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。 A(an)叫不定冠词,the叫定冠词。A用在辅音之前,an用在元音之前。 1.不定冠词的用法 (1)a和an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如: Johnisastudent. MaryisanEnglishteacher. (2)指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如:275
Asteelworkermakessteel. Passmeanapple,please. (3)指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或和物。例如: Astudentwantstoseeyou. Agirliswaitingforyououtside. (4)表示“每一”的意思,相当于every。例如: Takethemedicinethreetimesaday. Theygotoseetheirparentsonceaweek. 2.定冠词用法 (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如: ThebookonthedeskisanEnglishdictionary. BeijingisthecapitalofChina. (2)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如: Openthedoor,please. Jackisinthelibrary. (3)上文提到过的人或事物。例如: YesterdayJohn’sfatherboughthimanewbike.Thebikecosthim200yuan. (4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如: Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest. (5)用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如: ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina. Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.275
(6)用在某些形容词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如: Thenurseiskindtothesick. Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheold. (7)用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如: theGreatWall,theSummerpalace,inthemorning,intheopenair等。 (8)用在姓氏复数之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某某夫妇”。例如: theBrowns,thewhites等。 3.不用冠词的情况 (1)某些专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如: China,Canada,Japanese,glass,water,love等。 (2)名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代词时,不用冠词。例如: Thatismycap. Ihavesomequestions. Godownthisstreet. (3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时,不用冠词。 Theyareworkers. Wearestudents. (4)称呼语前不用冠词,表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如: Idon’tfeelwelltoday,Mother. BushwasmadepresidentoftheU.S. (5)三餐饭的名称前,球类活动,学科和节目名词前,常不用冠词。例如: Ihavelunchathome.275
Heoftenplaysfootballafterclass. WehaveEnglishandmathseveryday. (6)在某些固定词组里,名词之前常不用冠词。例如: Byair,atnight,athome,gotobed,gotoschool,onfoot,frommorningtillnight等。 二.数词的用法 数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。 1.基数词的用法 (1)基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语,例如: ThirtyofthemarePartymembers.(主语) ---Howmanywouldyoulike? ---Three,please.(作宾语) ThenineboysarefromTianjing.(定语) Sixplusfouristen.(表语) Wefourwillgowithyou.(同位语) (2)表示一个具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million一律不用复数;在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如: Ourcountryhasapopulationof1,300millionpeople. Therearethreethousandstudentsinourschool. Afterthewar,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless. Maizeisthemostimportantfoodcropformillionsofpeopleintheworld. Theyarrivedintwosandthrees. (3)表示“……十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代,例如: Heisinhisearlythirties.275
Hediedstillinhisforties. Thistookplacein1930s. (4)表示时刻用基数词。例如: Wegetupatsix. Theworkersbeginworkateight. 表示“几点过几分”,用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如: tenpastten, aquarterpastnine, halfpasttwelve 表示“几点差几分”用介词to,但分数须在半小时以上。例如: twentytonine, fivetoeight, aquartertoten 表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如: sevenfifteen, eleventhirty, ninetwenty 2.序数词的用法 (1)序数词主要用作定语,前面要加定冠词,例如: Thefirsttruckiscarryingafootbaskets. Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor. (2)序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”,“又一”这样的意思,例如: We"llhavetodoitasecondtime.275
ShallIaskhimathirdtime? WhenIsatdown,afourthmanrosetospeak. (3)由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应,很容易写错,应特别注意。它们是:one---first,two---second,three---third,five---fifth,eight---eighth,nine---ninth,twelve---twelfth。 (4)表示年,月,日时,年用基数词表示,日用序数词表示。例如: 1949年十月一日读作:October(the)first,nineteensixty 2004年九月十日读作:September(the)tenth,twothousandandfour (5)表示分数时,分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时,分母加-s。例如: threefourths, onesecond, twofifths (6)序数词有时用缩写形式: first→1st second→2nd third→3rd fourth→4th twenty-second→22nd 【实例解析】 1.(2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题) About________studentsinourclasscandescribethatplaceinEnglish. A.three-fifths B.three-fifth C.third-five D.third-fifths 答案:A。该题考查的是分数的表示法。分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时,分母应加-s,因此应选A。 2.(2004年河北省中考试题) Nine_______poundsaweek?That’sverygood.275
A.hundredof B.hundredsof C.hundreds D.hundred 答案:D。该题考查的是数词的用法。Ninehundred是一个具体的数量,这是数词不能用复数形式,后面也不能加of。所以应选D。 3.(2004年北京市海淀区中考试题) Weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andIliketoplay_______basketball. A.a B.an C.the D.不填 答案:D。该题考查的是冠词的用法。球类运动之前不加冠词,因此应选D。 4.(2004年江西省中考试题) Thisis_______songI’vetoldyouabout.Isn’tit_______beautifulone? A.the;the B.a;a C.the;a D.a;the 答案:C。该题考查的是冠词的用法。第一个空是特指,特指我给你说过的那首歌,第二个空是表示某一个类别。所以应选C。 【中考演练】 一..单项填空 1.ThismorningIhad________eggandabottleofmilkformybreakfast. A.an B.a C.the D./ 2.---What’sthematterwithyou? ---Icaught________badcoldandhadtostayin________. A.a;/ B.a;the C.a;a D.the;the 3.---Haveyouseen_______pen?Ileftitherethismorning. ---Isit________blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere. A.a;the B.the;the C.the;a D.a;a 4._______sunisshiningbrightly.275
A.A B.An C.The D./ 5.Thereis_______“h”inthewordhour. A.a B.the C.an D./ 6.DidyouenjoyyourstayinXian? Yes.Ihad_______wonderfultime. A.a B.an C.the D./ 7.______sunisbiggerthan_______earth. A.A;the B.A;an C.The;an D.The;the 8.Thereis_______appleandsomepearsonthetable. A.the B./ C.a D.an 9.Davidhas_______cat.It’sverynice. A.a B.an C.the D./ 10.I’mreading_______novel.Itis_______interestingstory. A.a;an B.a;a C.the;the D./;an 11.ItissaidthatSARShaskilledmorethan________peopleworldwide. A.threehundreds B.threehundreds’ C.threehundred’s D.threehundred 12.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory? ---Therearetwo__________. A.hundreds B.hundred C.hundredof D.hundredsof 13.---Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour? ---_______________. A.Two-thirds B.Ahalf C.Aquarter D.Three-fourths275
14.---Whatdoyouthinkofawar,LiMing? ---I’venoidea.Butit’safactthat_______peoplehadtoleavetheirhometownduringtheWaronIraq. A.threethousands B.thousandof C.thousandsof D.severalthousands 15.Weallthinkthatthe_______centurywillbringusmorehopes. A.twenty-first B.twentieth-first C.twenty-one D.twentieth-one 16.---Canyouwritethenumbereighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six? ---Yes,itis__________. A.856620 B.85626 C.58662 D.58626 17.WhenwasthePRCfounded?Itwasfoundedon_________. A.July1,1921 B.October1,1949 C.August1,1927 D.May1,1922 18.Iwas8yearsoldwhenmyfatherwas31.Thisyearmyfatheristwicemyage.HowoldamI? A.21 B.22 C.23 D.24 19._______ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwellbeforeBeijing2008Olympics. A.Thousand B.Thousands C.Thousandof D.Thousandsof 20.Bothofthetworulersarebroken.Iwanttobuya_______one. A.three B.third C.forth D./ 二.句子改错:下面各句A,B,C,D中有一处错误,请指出并改正。 1.May is a fifthmonthof the year.275
A B C D 2.The film hasbeenon for half a hour. A B C D 3.Theboysandthegirlsoftenplay the footballin the afternoon. A B C D 4.Itlooksrain.Whynot take a umbrella with you? A B C D 5.LiMeioftengivesussomegoodinformation by the e-meil. A B C D 6.We’veplanted twohundredstreesin the centreofourcitythisyear. A B C D 7.Fivemillion of dollars is alotofmoney. A B C D 8.There are thousand of childrenintheparknow. A B C D 9.Bytheendof twenty century,theworld population hadpassedsixbillion. A B C D 10.Overthreefifthof theworld’sbooksandnewspapers are writteninEnglish. A B C D275
【练习答案】 一.1.A2.A3.D4.C5.C6.A7.D8.D9.A10.A11.D12.B13.C14.C15.A16.B17.B18.C19.D20.B 二.1.Ba→the2.Da→an3.C去掉the4.Ca→an5.D去掉the6.Btwohundreds→twohundred7.B去掉of8.Bthousand→thousands9.Btwenty→twentieth10.Athreefifth→threefifths初三英语系列复习资料(3)动词考点集汇、讲解和训练《2》时间:2009年05月20日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 【实例解析】 1.(2004年北京海淀区中考试题) I’minterestedinanimals,soI________everySaturdayworkinginananimalhospital. A.pay B.get C.take D.spend 答案:D。该题考查的是pay,get,takespend这四个动词的用法区别。在这四个动词中,只有spend常用于“spend…dingsth.”的句型里,所以选D。 2.(2004年安徽省中考试题) ---ListenHelenissinginginthenextroom. ---It_________beHelen.ShehasgonetoBeijing. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.may D.should 答案:A。该题考查的是情态动词的用法。表示否定地推测通常用can’t。 3.(2004年江西省南昌市中考试题) ---Icalledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer. ---Oh,IamsorryI_________dinneratmyfriend’shouse. A.have B.had C.washaving D.havehad275
答案:C。该题考查的是动词的时态。他们谈论的是昨天晚上某一时刻发生的事情,所以用过去进行时。 4.(2004年哈尔滨市中考试题) ---Howlonghaveyou_______themoteobike? ---Forabouttwoweeks. A.bought B.had C.borrowed D.lent 答案:B。该题考查的是延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法区别。这四个动词中只有had是延续性动词,它的现在完成时可以同表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 【中考演练】 一.单项填空 1.Listen!Someofthegirls________aboutHarryPotter.Let’sjointhem. A.aretalking B.talk C.willtalk D.talked 2.Ourteacher,MissChen,________Englishontheradiothedayboreyesterday. A.teaches B.taught C.willteach D.hadtaught 3.Idon’tthinkI_________youinthatdressbefore. A.haveseen B.wasseeing C.saw D.see 4.Susan’sparentshaveboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpool.It_______beveryexpensive. A.must B.can C.mustn’t D.can’t 5.Coffeeisready.Howniceit________!Wouldyoulikesome? A.looks B.smells C.sounds D.feels275
6.“Mr.Zhu,you’dbetter_______toomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverweight,”saidthedoctor. A.nottoeat B.toeat C.noteat D.eat 7.“Don’talwaysmakeMichael________thisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy,dear,”Mr.Bushsaidtohiswife. A.do B.todo C.does D.did 8.Sorry,Ican’thearyouclearly.Willyouplease________yourE-mailaddress?I’ll writeitdown. A.review B.recite C.report D.repeat 9.Don’t________yourcoat,Tom!It’seasytocatchcoldinspring. A.takeaway B.takeoff C.takedown D.takeout 10.You_______goandaskMeimei.She_______knowtheanswer. A.must;can B.must;may C.need;can D.can;may 11.I’msorryyou’vemissedthetrain.It________10minutesago. A.left B.hasleft C.hadleft D.hasbeenleft 12.Iboughtanewdictionaryandit________me30yuan. A.paid B.spent C.took D.cost 13.---Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball? ---_______you_______yourhomeworkyet? A.Do;finish B.Are;finishing C.Did;finishing D.Have;finished 14.Ihavetogonow.Pleaserememberto________thelightswhenyouleave. A.turnoff B.turndown C.turnup D.turnon 15.AtalkonChinesehistory________intheschoolnextweek.275
A.begiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven D.willgive 16.Look!Howheavytherainis!You’dbetter________. A.don’tgonow B.stayherewhenitstops C.notleaveuntilitstops D.nottoleaveatonce 17.Youmaygofishingifyourwork________. A.isdone B.willbedone C.hasdone D.havedone 18.Cotton_______niceandsoft. A.isfelt B.isfeeling C.feel D.feels 19.---Whocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,Dick? ---John_________. A.cleaned B.does C.did D.is 20.---Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,_______? ---No.Shegotuptoolate. A.hadshe B.hadn’tshe C.didshe D.didn’tshe 二.阅读短文,并用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 A MynameisWangBing.I’mfromChina.NowI___1____(study)atthisschool.I____2___(arrive)hereonJanuary8.Sincethen,I____3____(make)alotoffriends.AtschoolwespeakEnglishallthetime.Nextweek,somenewstudentsfromAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica____4____(come)toourschool.I’mverygladtoknowthisbecauseIenjoy____5____(meet)peoplefromothercountries. 1.study/amstudying2.arrived3.havemade4.willcome5.meeting B Since1946,oneofthemostimportantinventionshasbeenthecomputer.Ithasbeenchangingallourlives.275
Thefirstcomputer____1___(build)in1946.It____2____(be)aslargeasaroomandverydifficultandslow____3____(use).Butsincetheinventionofsilicon“chip”(硅片),computers____4____(become)smaller,easierandfastertooperate.Somecomputers____5____(be)assmallasTVsets.Somecaneven____6___(make)smallerthanabook.Andcomputers____7____(get)smallerandsmallerallthetime.Whoknowswhatthecomputersoftomorrow____8___(be)like? There____9___(be)severalreasonswhythecomputerisusefultous.First,alotofinformationcan____10____(put)intocomputer.Second,thecomputerworksveryquickly---thousandsoftimesfasterthanamananditwillnotbetired.Third,moderncomputerscanbebuiltintootherkindsofmachines,likeradios,carsandplanes.Sotodaypeoplecanspendlesstimedoingmoreworkwithacomputer. 三.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.Nomatterwhattheweatherislike,youcanalwaysfindsurfersout_______(ride)thewaves. 2.---Whatdoyouusethekeyfor? ---Itis________(use)formakingtherobotwork. 3.Nonews_______(be)goodnews.I’msureJaneisstillallright. 4.---Areyoufeelingbetterthesedays? ---Yes,muchbetter.I_______aswellasthesedaysforalongtime. 5.It________(rain)heavily,you’dbetternotgooutnow. 6.ThecityofXian_______(become)cleanerandcleaner. 7.Theboysenjoy_______(see)fightfilmsverymuch. 8.Helefttheroomwithout_______(say)goodbye. 9.Rice________(grow)inthesouthofChina. 10.Manytrees________(plant)inourschoolyardtheseyears. 四.用方框中所给的动词或动词词组的适当形式填入下列句子里,使其意思通顺,每个动词或动词词组只能用一次 Allow,fall,notbe,phone,receive,show,sendfor,275
payfor,beusedfor,turnitoff,keepon 1.It’sratherhottoday,buttheweatherreportsaysthetemperature_______to28Ctomorrow. 2.“Remember,nobody________toeatordrinkinthecomputerroom,”theassistantsaidtothenewstudents. 3.Hi,Mike!I_________yourinvitation.Thankyouverymuch.I’llcomeontime. 4.ThistimeyesterdayI________theforeignersaroundtheancientchurch. 5.Myunclephonedthebookingofficeoftheairline,andhewastoldthere_______anyflightstoSingaporeinthefollowingthreedaysbecauseofthebadweather. 6.Don’tloseheartand________trying. 7.Don’twatchTV.It’stoolate.Please_______andgotobedrightnow. 8.Computersareuseful.Theycan________sendingE-mail. 9.Ifyou’velostthisbook,youhaveto_______it. 10.Bothofhisfeetwerehurtintheaccident._______adoctor,please. 【练习答案】 一.1.A2.B3.A4.A5.B6.C7.A8.D9.B10.D11.A12.D13.D14.A15.C16.C17.A18.D19.C20.C 二.1.wasbuilt2.was3.touse4.havebecome5.are6.bemade7.aregetting8.willbe9.are10.beput 三.1.riding2.used3.is4.havenotfelt5.israining6.isbecoming7.seeing8.sayig9.isgrown10.havebeenplanted 四.1.willfall2.isallowed3.havereceived4.wasshowing5.wouldnotbe6.keepon7.turnitoff8.beusedfor9.payfor10.Sendfor275
初三英语系列复习资料(3)动词考点集汇、讲解和训练时间:2009年05月20日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 三、动词 【考点直击】 1.动词的八种时态的构成及用法; 2.动词被动语态的构成及用法; 3.非谓语动词的构成及用法; 4.近义动词的用法区别。 【名师点睛】 1.动词的时态 英语时态用共有十六种时态,其中常用的有8种,它们是:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。 (1)一般现在时的基本用法 1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语:every…,sometimes, at…,onSunday Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning. 2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 Theearthmovesaroundthesun. ShanghailiesintheeastofChina. 3)表示格言或警句中。 Pridegoesbeforeafall. 【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。275
例:Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.. 4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 Idon"twantsomuch. 5)某些动词如come,go,move,stop,leave,arrive,be,finish,continue,start等,在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。 Thetraincomesat3o"clock. 6)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替一般将来时。 I"llhelpyouassoonasyouhaveproblem. TellXiaoLiaboutitifyoumeethim. (2)一般过去时的用法: 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear. 【注意】 1)过去经常反复发生的动作,也可用usedto或would加动词原形来表达,例如: IusedtogofishingonSundays. 2)“usedto”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如: Thisriverusedtobeclean. (3)一般将来时的用法 1)表示将来的动作或状态。例如: Ishallattendthemeetingtomorrow. 2)表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如: HewillgotoseehismothereverySaturdays.275
3)表示将来的意愿,决心,许诺,命令等时常用will,征求对方意见,主语是第一人称时,常用shall。 Iwilldomybesttocatchupwiththem. ShallIopenthedoor? 4)be+going+动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型,表示打算,计划,最近 或将来要作的某事。 IamgoingtoBeijingnextweek. 5)be+动词不定式。表示有职责,义务,可能,约定,意图等。 Thereistobeameetingthisafternoon. Wearetomeettheguestsatthestation. 6)beabout+动词不定式,表示马上,很快作某事。 Theyareabouttoleave. (4)现在进行时的用法 1)现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作,它注重 现在正在进行的动作,而不管动作从什么时间开始,到什么时间结束。 Whatareyoudoingnow? Iamlookingformykey. 2)现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作(但说话时这个动作不一定在进行)。 Thestudentsarepreparingfortheexamination. 3)某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作,这些动词有arrive,come,leave,start等。 TheyaregoingtoHongKongtomorrow. 【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态275
①表示状态的动词,尤其是静态动词,如:be,have ②表示认识、知觉和情感的动词,如:know,think,hear,find,see,like,want,wish,prefer等。 (5)现在完成时的用法 1)现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。 Ihaveboughtaten-speedbicycle. Theyhavecleanedtheclassroom. 2)现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在,或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。现在完成时常与for和since引导的短语或从句连用。 Wehavelivedheresince1976. Theyhavewaitedformorethantwohours. 【注意】 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响;一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。 试比较: Isawthisfilmyesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了,不涉及现在) Ihaveseenthisfilm. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。) (6)过去进行时的用法 表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如: IwaswatchingTVwhenshecametoseeme. 【注意】 过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情,但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态,强调动作的连续进行,而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实,例如:275
Theywerebuildingahouselastmonth.(上个月正在建造,建造好与否不知) Theybuiltanewhouselastmonth.(上个月建造好了,动作已经完成) (7)过去完成时的用法 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态,过去完成时常和by,before等词组成的短语和从句连用。 Wehadalreadylearnedtwothousandswordsbytheendoflastyear. Whenwearrivedatthestation,theyhadwaitedformorethantwentyminutes. (8)过去将来时的用法 过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态,过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例如: Theyweregoingtohaveameeting. ItoldhimthatIwouldseehimoffatthestation. 2.动词的语态 语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。 (1)被动语态 1)被动语态最基本的句型结构是:be+及物动词过去分词 2)被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词 因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者,某些短语动词如lookafter,thinkof,takecareof,workout,laughat等,也可用于被动语态。 Thechildrenweretakengoodcareofbyher. 【注意】 短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。 3)主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况275
若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词,如:feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watch等。例如: Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom. Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher). 4)主动形式表示被动意义 如wash,clean,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如: Thefoodtastesgood. 3.非谓语动词 对非谓语动词的考点是:感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法;一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to,但变为被动语态时就要带to;有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语,但表达的意思不同。这些都是历年中考的重点。 (1)非谓语动词的形式 非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。 (2)不定式作宾语补足语 Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet. (3)不定式作目的状语 Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus. (4)用不定式和分词作补足语都可以的动词 这样的动词有感官动词如:see,hear,look,notice,observe,feel等,使役动词如:have,make,leave,keep,get等。接不定式表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing表示动作的连续性,进行性。 Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)275
Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作) 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。 (5)用不带to不定式的情况 使役动词如:let,have,make等和感官动词如:see,watch,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补,省略to。在被动语态中则to不能省掉。 (6)接动名词与不定式意义不同 1)stoptodo 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stopdoing 停止做某事。 2)forgettodo 忘记要去做某事。 (未做) forgetdoing 忘记做过某事。 (已做) 3)remembertodo记得去做某事 (未做) rememberdoing 记得做过某事 (已做) 4)trytodo 努力,企图做某事。 trydoing 试验,试着做某事。 5)goontodo 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。 goondoing 继续做原来做的事。 6)meantodo 打算、想 meandoing 意味着 4.容易混淆的常用动词的辨析 (1)say,speak,talk,tell的用法。 1)say表示讲话,作为及物动词使用,后跟宾语或宾语从句。 Hesaidhewouldgothere. It"stimetoleave.Wehavetosaygoodbyetoyou.275
2)speak表示“讲话”,一般作为不及物动词使用,而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。 DoyouspeakEnglish? MayIspeaktoMrPope,please? 3)talk表示“谈话”,是不及物动词,与to,about,with等连用,才可以接宾语。 Whatareyoutalkingabout? MrJacksonistalkingwithmyfatherintheofficenow. 4)tell表示“告诉,讲述”是及物动词,可以带双宾语或复合宾语。 Shetoldusaninterestingstoryyesterday. MyteachertoldmethatwewouldhaveanEnglishexamthenextmonth. (2)look,see,watch和watch的用法。 1)look强调“看”这个动作,是不及物动词,常与at连用,然后接宾语。 Look!Thegirlisswimminginthelake. Lookatthepicturecarefully.Canyoufindsomethingunusual? 2)see指“看见”某物,强调的是结果。 Theycan"tseethewordsontheblackboard. DoesLilyoftengotoseeafilmonSunday? 3)watch指的是“观看”,“注视”之意。 ThetwinsarewatchingTVnow. Hewillgotowatchavolleyballmatch. 4)read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。 Don"treadinthesun. IliketoreadnewspaperswhenIamfree.275
(3)borrow,lend和keep的区别。 1)borrow意思为“借入”,常常与from连用,是非延续性动词,表示瞬间即能完成的动作。 Meimeiborrowedabookfromthelibraryjustnow. MayIborrowyourdictionary? 2)lend是“借出”之意,常常与to连用,同borrow一样,是非延续性动词,只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。 UncleWanyhaslenthiscartoMrLi. Couldyoulendusyourradio,please? 3)keep是“保存”的意思,动作可以延续。 Howlongcantherecorderbekept? Thefarmerkeptthepatfortwoweeks. (4)bring,take,carry和get的用法。 1)bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。 Bringmethebook,please. MayIbringJimtoseeyounextSaturday? 2)take意思是“拿走”,“带走”,把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。 Itlookslikerain.Takearaincoatwithyou. Mothertookthelittlegirltothenextroom. 3)carry是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思,指随身携带,有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义,不表明来去的方向。 Doyoualwayscarryahandbag? Theboxisheavy.Canyoucarryit? 4)get是去某处将某物拿回来。275
Pleasegotomyofficetogetsomechalk. Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Whynotgetsome? (5)wear,puton和dress的区别 1)wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等,强调“穿着”的状态。 Tomalwayswearsblackshoes. Hewearsaraincoatevenwhenitisfine. Shedoesn"tliketoweararedflowersinherhair. 2)puton是“穿上”“戴上”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。 It"scold.You"dbetterputonyourcoat. Heputonhishatandwentoutoftheroom. 3)dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词,有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时,只用于穿衣服,不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时,它的宾语是人,不是衣服。dresssb.(给某人穿衣服),而wear作“穿着”用时,也是及物动词,但它的宾语是物,不是人,即wearsth.(穿着衣物)。 Shealwaysdresseswell. Getupanddressquickly. Maryisdressingherchild. (6)take,spend和use的用法。 1)take指做某事用多少时间,句型是:Ittakes/took/willtake+sb.+sometime+todosth. Ittookmethreedaystofinishthework. Itwilltakeyouawhileweektotravelthoughttheforest. IttakesonlyonehourtoflytoShanghai. 2)spend指某人在某事(物)上花费时间或钱。句型是:275
Someonespends+money/time+onsomething(in)doingsth. Shespentmorethan500yuanonthatcoat. Hedidn"tspendmuchtimeonhislessons. Hespentmuchtime(in)correctingstudents"exercises. Motherspentherevenings(in)washingclothes. 3)use表示使用工具、手段等。 Doyouknowhowtousethecomputer? Shallweuseyourcar? (7)reach,get和arrive的区别。 1)reach是及物动词,后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。 Afterthetrainhadleft,theyreachedthestation Wereachedthetopofthemountainatlast. 2)get是不及动词,常与to连用,再接名词,后面接表示地点的副词时,不用to,getto常用于口语中。 Whenthestudentsgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun. Mysisterwascookingwhenmothergothome. 3)arrive是不及物动词,表示到达一个小地方时,用arriveat,到达一个大地方时用arrivein。 Thesoldiersarrivedatasmallvillage TheforeignerswillarriveinShanghaitomorrow. 初三英语系列复习资料(2)形容词、副词考点讲解和训练时间:2009年05月20日 作者:匿名 来源:博客275
二、形容词和副词 【考点直击】 1.形容词的用法; 2.副词的用法; 3.形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法; 4.形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。 【名师点睛】 1.形容词的用法 (1)形容词在句中作定语,表语,宾语补足语。例如: Ourcountryisabeautifulcountry.(作定语) Thefishwentbad. (作表语) Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.(作宾语补足语) (2)形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou. Isthereanythinginterestinginthefilm. (3)用and或or连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody,manandwoman,oldandyoung,shouldattendthemeeting. Youcantakeanyboxaway,bigorsmall. (4)the+形容词表示一类人或物 Therichshouldhelpthepoor. 2.副词的用法 (1)副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。275
Hestudiesveryhard. (作状语) Lifehereisfullofjoy. (作定语) Whenwillyoubeback?(作表语) 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类: 1)时间副词 时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有:nowtoday,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。例如: Heoftencomestoschoollate. Whatarewegoingtodotomorrow? HeisneverbeentoBeijing. 2)地点副词 地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有:here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out等。例如: Imetanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome. Hewentupstairs. Putdownyournamehere. 3)方式副词 方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的?”这类问题的,其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的,有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly,它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有:anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,rapidly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,slow,quick,hard,alone,high,straight,wide等。例如: Theoldmanwalkedhomeslowly. Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully. Thebirdsareflyinghigh.275
Herunsveryfast. 4)程度副词 程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词,有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有:much,(a)little,abit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。例如: Herpronunciationisverygood. Shesingsquitewell. Icanhardlyagreewithyou. 5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有:how,when,where,why等。例如: Howareyougettingalongwithyourstudies? Wherewereyouyesterday? Whydidyoudothat? (2)副词在句中的位置 1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语,则放在宾语之后。例如: MrSmithworksveryhard. ShespeaksEnglishwell. 2)频度副词作状语时,通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词,助动词和be动词之后。例如: Heusuallygetsupearly. I’veneverheardhimsinging. Sheisseldomill. 3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面,但enough作副词用时,通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如: Itisaratherdifficultjob.275
Herunsveryfast. Hedidn’tworkhardenough. 4)副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如: Onmywayhome,Imetmyuncle. Thestudentstherehavealottimetodotheirownresearchwork. (3)部分常用副词的用法 1)very,much 这两个副词都可表示“很”,但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级,而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如: Sheisaverynicegirl I’mfeelingmuchbetternow. Much可以修饰动词,而very则不能。例如: Idon’tliketheideamuch. Theydidnottalkmuch. 2)too,either 这两个副词都表示“也”,但too用于肯定句,either用于否定句。例如: Shecandance,andIcandance,too. Ihaven’treadthebookandmybrotherhasn’teither. 3)already,yet already一般用于语肯定句,yet一般用于否定句。例如: Hehasalreadyleft. Haveyouheardfromhimyet? Hehasn’tansweredyet.275
4)so,neither so和neither都可用于倒装句,但so表示肯定,neither表示否定。 例如: MybrotherlikesfootballandsodoI. Mybrotherdoesn’tlikedancingandneitherdoI. 3.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 (1)两个人或事物的比较时(不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物),用比较 级。 Ourteacheristallerthanweare. Theboysinherclassaretallerthantheboysinyourclass. (2)most同形容词连用而不用the,表示"极,很,非常,十分"。 It"smostdangeroustobehere. 在这儿太危险。 (3)"The+形容词比较级...,the+形容词比较级..."表示"越...就越..."。 Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow. (4)"形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级",表示"越来越..."。 It"sgettinghotterandhotter. (5)主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 Thisboxisasbigasmine. (6)the+形容词表示某种人。 Healwayshelpsthepoor. (7)形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。 ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.275
【实例解析】 1.(2004年北京市中考试题) ---Whichis________,thesun,themoonortheearth? ---Ofcoursethemoonis. A.small B.smaller C.smallest D.thesmallest 答案:D。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级的用法。因为是太阳,地球和月亮三者进行比较,选用形容词的最高级,而且最高级之前要加定冠词the。所以选D。 2.(2004年上海徐汇区中考试题) Hehasmade_______progressthistermthanbefore. A.little B.less C.fewer D.much 答案B。该题考查的是形容词比较等级的用法。因为是现在和过去进行比较,所以要用比较级,又因为是修饰不可数名词,只能用less,而不能用fewer。 3.(2004年江西省中考试题) ---Whatdeliciouscakes! ---Theywouldtaste_______withbutter. A.good B.better C.bad D.worse 答案:B。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级。答话人的意思应该是“如果加上点黄油,这些蛋糕会更好吃。”这里就有一种比较:加黄油和不加黄油。既然是比较,就要用比较级。因为这里讲的是好吃和更好吃,所以C,D要舍去,而选better。 4.(2004年河北省中考试题) Bobneverdoeshishomework________Mary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes. A.socarefulas B.ascarefullyas C.carefullyas D.ascarefulas 答案:B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法区别。因为该词修饰的是动作“做家庭作业”,所以要用副词。又因为表示一方不如另一方要用句型“notas+副词原级+as”,所以只能选B。 【中考演练】275
一.单项填空 1.Therearemanyyoungtreeson sidesoftheroad. A.every B.each C.both D.all 2.---It’ssocoldtoday. ---Yes,it’s thanitwasyesterday. A.morecold B.morecolder C.muchcolder D.cold 3.LittleTomhas friends,soheoftenplaysalone. A.more B.alittle C.many D.few 4.Sheisn’tso atmathsasyouare. A.well B.good C.better D.best 5.Peterwrites ofthethree. A.better B.best C.good D.well 6.Heis enoughtocarrytheheavybox. A.stronger B.muchstronger C.strong D.thestrongest 7.Ibought exercise-bookswith money. A.afew;afew B.afew;alittle C.alittle;afew D.alittle;alittle 8.Theboxis heavyforthegirl carry.275
A.too;to B.to;too C.so;that D.no;to 9.Theiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter .It’sstrongenoughtoskateon. A.long B.high C.thick D.wide 10.WuLinran fasterthantheotherboysinthesportsmeeting. A.so B.much C.very D.too 11.Jonelooksso_______todaybecauseshehasgotan“A”inhermathstest. A.happy B.happily C.angry D.angrily 12.Thesmileonmyfather’sfaceshowedthathewas______withme. A.sad B.pleased C.angry D.sorry 13.---Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis? ---Certainly,wecanbuy______onethanthis,but______this. A.abetter;betterthan B.aworse;asgoodas C.acheaper;asgoodas D.amoreimportant;goodas 14.---Thisdigitalcameraisreallycheap! ---The______thebetter.I’mshortofmoney,yousee. A.cheap B.cheaper C.expensive D.moreexpensive 15.IfyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustuseitas_______aspossible. A.often B.long C.hard D.soon 16.Paulhas______friendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeelslonely. A.many B.some C.few D.more275
17.Englishpeople_____useMr.Beforeaman’sfirstname. A.never B.usually C.often D.sometimes 18.---OnemoresatellitewassentupintospaceinChinainMay. ---Right.Thegovernmentspoke______that. A.highlyfor B.highof C.wellof D.highlyof 19.---Rememberthis,children.______carefulyouare,______mistakesyouwillmake. ---Weknow,MissGao. A.Themore;themore B.Thefewer;themore C.Themore;thefewer D.Theless;theless 20.Ihave________todotoday. A.anythingimportant B.somethingimportant C.importantnothing D.importantsomething 二.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Mypursewasstolenonthebusyesterday.__________(Fortunate),therewasnomoneyinit. 2.Mobilephonesare_________(wide)usedinmostofthecitiesinChina. 3.Heputonhiscoatandwentout________(quick). 4.Sheis______(good)thanLiPingatswimming. 5.AlotChinesepeopleare_______(pride)ofYaoMing,afamousbasketballstarinNBA. 6.Tooursurprise,hesuddenlyreturnedonacold______(snow)night. 7.Allieaskedme______(polite)toputthethingsaway.275
8.It’ssnowinghard.Youmustdrive________(careful). 9.Theearthweliveonis_______(big)thanthemoon. 10.Hainanisaverylargeisland.It’sthesecond________(large)islandinChina. 三.用适当的形容词或副词填空(首字母已给出) 1.Alargenumberofmouthsmustbefedinthoselessd________countries. 2.ThateveningBeethovenplayedthemusicforthegirlaswellasu______. 3.Hawaiiisf_______itsbeautifulbeaches. 4.Heoftentakesana______partinthesportsmeetingandhecangetverygoodresultseachtime. 5.Theperformancewassow_______thateveryonegavealongandloudapplause(鼓掌). 6.JiefangRoadistheb_____streetinourcity. 7.Shelaya______forhoursthinkingoverherbusiness. 8.Ilikeballgamesverymuch,butmyf_______sportisplayingbasketball. 9.Theboyistool______.Hedoesn’twanttodoanything. 10.Thedictionaryisveryu________.Itwillhelpyoualot. 【练习答案】 一.1.C2.C3.D4.B5.B6.C7.B8.A9.C10.B11.A12.B13.C14.B15.A16.C17.A18.D19.C20.B 二.1.Fortunately2.widely3.quickly4.better5.proud6.snowy7.politely8.carefully9.bigger10.largest 三.1.developed2.usual3.famous4.active5.wonderful6.busiest7.awake8.favourite 9.lazy10.useful初三英语系列复习资料(1)名词考点集汇,讲解和训练275
时间:2009年05月20日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 一、名词 【考点直击】 1.可数名词和不可数名词的用法; 2.名词所有格的构成及用法; 3.近义名词的辨析。 【名师点睛】 一、名词的数 1.单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下: (1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,pen→pens,doctor→doctors,boy→boys。 (2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。 (3)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,例如:orange—oranges。 (4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:city→cities,factory→factories,country→countries,family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy→boys,day→days。 (5)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,还有某些外来词也只加-s,例如:photo→photos,piano→pianos。 (6)以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves,half→halves。 复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法如下表所示。 复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法275
情 况 读法 例 词 在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后 [s] cups,hats,cakes 在[s][z][t][][F]等音后 [iz] glasses,pages,oranges,buses,watches,faces 在[b][d][][v]等浊辅音后 [z] beds,dogs,cities,knives (7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。 【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如:anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;man,woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:men workers,womenteachers。 有个别名词单复数一样,例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。 (8)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people,police等。275
(9)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。例如:ten-minutes’walk,an8-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalk。 (10)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors,compasses。 (11)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有: 科学名词:physics,mathematics/maths 游戏名称:bowls 专有名词:theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls 其他名词:news,falls 2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法 在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法: (1)用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表示多少,例如: Therichmanhasalotofmoney. Thereissomemilkinthebottle. Isthereanywaterintheglass? Idon"tlikewinterbecausethere"stoomuchsnowandice. (2)用apieceof这类定语,例如: apieceofpaperapieceofwoodapieceofbread abottleoforangeaglassofwater(milk)acupoftea acupofteaabagofricethreebagsofrice 如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如: twocupsoftea fourpiecesofpaper threeglassesofwater275
不可数名词也可用alotof,lotsof,some,any,much等来修饰。 二、名词的所有格 名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。 1.表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加"s,其复数形式是s",例如:astudent"sroom,students"rooms,father"sshoes。 2.如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加"s,如:Children"sDay。 3.在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用"s,例如:atwentyminutes"walk,tenmiles"journey,aboat"slength,twopounds"weight,tendollars"worth。 4.无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,例如:amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers。 5.双重所有格,例如:afriendofmyfather"s。 【注意】 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有"s,则表示“分别有”,例如:John"sandMary"srooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom"sandMary"sbikes(两人各自的自行车)。 两个名词并列,只有一个"s,则表示“共有”,例如:JohnandMary"sroom(约翰和玛丽共有一间);TomandMary"smother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。 【实例解析】 1.(2004年上海徐汇区中考试题) These_________havesavedmanychildren’slives. A.womandoctors B.womendoctor C.womendoctors D.womandoctor 答案:C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。 2.(2004年河北省中考试题) Thisis_________bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.275
A.AnneandJane B.Anne’sandJane’s C.Anne’sandJane D.AnneandJane’s 答案:D。该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时,只在后面的名词后加’s。 3.(2004年吉林省中考试题) ---Arethereany________onthefarm? ---Yes,therearesome. A.horse B.duck C.chicken D.sheep 答案:D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断,主语应该是复数名词。只有sheep可用作复数名词。 4.(2004年佛山市中考试题) ---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,________ororange? ---Orange,please. A.hamburger B.chip C.tea 答案:C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea能喝。 【中考演练】 一.单项填空 1.---Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim? ---I’vebeento______. A.theHenryhouse B.theHenryfamily C.TheHenry’shome D.Henry’s 2.InEngland,if____isinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper. A.food B.lunch C.breakfast D.dinner275
3.Youlookedforittwice,butyouhaven’tfoundit.Whynottry____. A.threetimes B.athirdtime C.thethirdtime D.once 4.---Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem______? ---Certainly. A.somebottlesofwaters B.somebottlesofwater C.somebottleofwater D.somebottleofwaters 5.Mikehurtoneofhis______intheaccidentyesterday. A.tooth B.feet C.hand D.ear 6.Thereissome_______ontheplate. A.cakes B.meat C.potato D.pears 7.InEngland,thelastnameisthe _______. A.familyname B.middle C.givenname D.fullname 8.Thearegoingtofly_______toBeijing. A.Germen B.Germany C.Germanys D.Germans 9.The______hastwo_______. A.boys;watches B.boy;watch C.boy;watches D.boys;watch 10.Thelittlebabyhastwo_______already. A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths 11.What’syour_______forbeinglateagain? A.idea B.key C.excuse D.news 12.---It’sdangeroushere.We’dbettergooutquickly. ---ButIthinkweshouldlet_______gooutfirst. A.womanandchildren B.womenandchild275
C.womanandchild D.womenandchildren 13.---YoucanseeMr.Smithifthereisasign“_______”onthedoorofhisshop. ---Thanks. A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESSHOURS C.THISSIDEUP D.NOSMOKING 14.Aretheygoingtohaveapicnicon_______? A.Children’sDay B.Childrens’sDay C.ChildrensDay D.ChildrenDay 15.Wherearethestudents?Aretheyin_______? A.theRoom406 B.Room406 C.the406Room D.406Room 二.根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释,写出所缺单词。 1.We’vegotalotofnew________(杂志)inourschoollibrary. 2.Pleaseturntoanother_______(频道),Idon’tlikethisshow. 3.Yesterdaythe_________(航班)toLondonwasputoffbecauseofthebadweather. .4.Autumnismyfavourite (季节) 5.---Howmany_______(小刀)doyouhave? ---Three. 6.__________arewidelyusedinthemodernworld. 7.June1stis__________(儿童)Day. 8.Mary,wouldyoupleasetellmeyournew________(地址)sothatIcanwritetoyou. 9.---Doesthispieceof______(音乐)soundnice? ---Yes.It’swonderful!275
10.May12thistheInternational_______(护士)Day.Let’ssay“Thanks”tothemfortheirwork. 三.根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。 1.“What’syourn_______?” “LiLei.” 2.Howmanyd_______doesyourunclehave? 3.Pleaseclosethew______.It’scoldoutside. 4.IfyouwantstudyEnglishwell,youmustpayattentiontoyourp________. 5.Acomputerisoneofthegreatesti_________intheworld. 6.ZhangHuiisveryexcited.HewillgotoJapanwithhisp_______duringtheSpringFestival. 7.Atthea______ofseven,thelonelygirlhadtoworktomakeliving. 8.It’sonlyaboutanh_____flightfromQingdaotoBeijingbyair. 9.Healthismoreimportanttomethanm_______. 10.Becareful!It’sd__________torunacrossthestreetnow. 【练习答案】 一.1.D2.B3.B4.B5.B 6.B7.A8.D9.C10.C11.C12.D13.B14.A15.B 二.1.magazines2.Channel3.flight 4.season 5.knives 6.Computers 7.Children’s 8.address 9.music10.Nurses’ 三.1.name2.daughters3.window 4.pronunciation 5.inventions 6.parents7.age8.hour’s9.money10.dangerous 初中英语复习专辑(15)根据汉语完成句子方法指导时间:2009年05月12日 作者:匿名 来源:博客275
根据汉语完成句子方法指导 根据汉语完成句子特别注意以下内容: 1.宾语从句中的否定前移。 2.宾从的时态、语序以及疑问词+todo 3.被动语态(①省to不定式还原;②动词短语中的介词不能遗漏) 4.状语从句中的一般现在时 5.完成时(长、短命动词的区别) 6.It’s+adj+for/ofsbtodosth 7.find/think/makeit+adj+todo. 8.动词不定式(作定语的不定式要求是及物动词或及物动词短语) 9.被动语态的一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时、现在进行时。 10.尽可能考虑短语的固定用法 练 习 1.我觉得用英语回答这个问题很容易。 Ifound___very____________thequestioninEnglish. 2.学好英语对我们来说是很重要的。 ___veryimportant___ ___ ___studyEnglishwell. 3.在旧社会,他们被迫日夜不停地工作。 They____ ____ ___ ____dayandnightintheolddays. 4.这个小孩没有球玩,所以他不高兴。 Thechildhasnoball___ ____ ____,soheis ________. 5.这间屋子对我们来说太小了而不能住。 Theroomistoosmall___us___ ____ ___275
6.我花了一个半小时的时间来完成家庭作业 ___ ____meoneandahalf______ ___finishmyhomework. 7.在中国老人受到很好的照顾。 Oldpeople_________good_______inChina. 8.当我们到达电影院时,电影已经开始半小时了。 Thefilm____ ____ ___forhalfanhourwhenI______thecimema. 9.直到公共汽车停下来才能开门。 ____ ____thedoor____thebus_____. 10.我认为明天他不会开会。 I____ ____he____ ____ameetingtomorrow. 11.汤姆不知道怎么处理这本图书馆藏书。 Tomdoesn’tknow____ ___ ____ _____thelibrarybook. 12.老师问我做这道数学题花了多少时间。 Theteacheraskedmehowlong___ ____me___ ___themathsproblem. 13.昨天我把钥匙忘在了办公室。 I____mykey___ ___ _____yesterday. 14.他不知道下一步怎么办。 Hedoesn’tknow____ ___ ___next. 15.格林在访问中国。 Mr.Greenis___ ___ ________China. 16.这幢楼房已建成十年了。 Thebuilding____ _____ ____for10years 17.我不知道明天是否去北京。275
Idon’tknow_____ ___ ____toBeijingtomorrow. 18.他父亲死了五年了。 ____5years_____hisfather_____. 19.今天,在美国仍有许多树在继续被砍伐 Today,toomanytrees____still____ ____downintheUSA. 20.许多好地和森林一起消失了,留下来的只有沙漠。 Alotofgoodland____ ____ _____theforests,________onlysand. 21.无论看起来多难的问题,他都能找到答案 ___ _____ ____difficultsomethingseemed,he_____findtheanswer. 22.既然很多人在生活中都会犯错误,格林先生决定再给吉姆一次机会。 _____alotofpeoplemakemistakes__ ____,Mr.GreendecidedtogiveJimanother____. 23.三个国家中Australia的人口最少。 Australia____ ___ _____people___thethreecountries. 24.多亏了太空卫星,世界变小了。 _____ ___spacesatellites,theworld___ _____amuchsmallplace. 25.人们每年都在山上种植各种各样的树。 ______ _______oftrees______ _______onthehillseveryyear. 26.王力跑得如此快,以致于我们都赶不上他 WangLiran_____fast______wecouldn’t______ ______withhim. 27.这个问题太难了,我回答不了。 Thisquestionwas_____ ______thatIcouldn’t______ _____. 28.张老师来我家时,我正在做家务活。275
I____ _________myhouseworkwhenMr.Zhang______ _______myhome. 29.这是今天唯一不能忘记的一件事情。 Thisisthe_______thing______I______ _______today. 30.你能告诉我他看起来象谁吗? Couldyoutellme_____ _______ _______ ________? 31.你看明天有可能完成真项工作? Doyouthink______possible______ _______this________tomorrow? 32.姚明是世界上最高的篮球运动员之一。 YaoMingisoneofthe________basketball________intheworld. 33.嘲笑残疾人是不礼貌的。 Itisnot________tolaugh______thedisabledpeople. 34.没有空气和水,我们不能生存。 We_________live________airorwater. 35.祝你学习英语顺利。 Good______ _______yourEnglish. 36.他把大部分的时间花在读小说上。 _____ ____histime___ ______inreadingstories. 37.我们跟着老师走进了会议室。 We______ourteacher_____ ______ _____themeeting-room. 38.步行到我家大约有20分钟的路程。 Myhouse____about_______________foot. 39.李磊没时间仔细考虑这道题。 ______notime____LiLei____ _____aboutthisproblemcarefully.275
初中英语复习专辑(13)替换练习讲解和练习时间:2009年05月12日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 替换练习 解题指导: 该类题常常以以下几种情况进行考察: 1.描述释义,也叫概念释义,即用一种情况来对某词进行解释。 eg.huge=verybig glass=cupmadeofglass agree=sayyes/havethesameidea 2.同义词释义。指用意义相同或相近的词进行替换。 eg.nearly=almost perhaps=maybe difficult=hard fast=quickly 3.否定释义。即对某些词用相反的意思进行解释。 eg.cheap=noexpensive thick=notthin dirty=notclean low=nothigh/tall 4.常识释义。即词义本身属于一种生活常识。 eg.century=100years August=theeighthmonth summer=theseasonbetweenspringandautumn London=thecapitalofEngland 常见的词语解释 almost nearly alittle abit around allover belike looklike275
bright clever begin start beside nextto bein beathome bequick hurryup beout beaway comefrom befrom fail notpass cross goacross hard difficult last goon hurry walkquickly hardly almostnot hurryup goquickly expensive dear lookout becareful must haveto on about over morethan wear bein why what…for stop giveup thanksto becauseof join takepartin assoonaspossible assoonassbcan beweakin benotatgoodat catchupwith notfallbehind haveagoodtime enjoyoneself alotof lotsof;many/much atlast intheend;finally atthemoment now holdon waitamoment justnow amomentago leave goaway(from) reach arrivein/at;getto275
prefer…to… like…betterthan… spend…on pay…for takealook havealook walkon goonwalking gotosleep gettosleep/fallasleep walkto… goto…onfoot takeabus catchabus lookafter take(good)careof hearfrom receive/getaletterfrom befilledwith befullof flyto… goto…byair return 1)comeback 2)giveback teachoneself learn…byoneself atonce rightnow(现在)/rightaway(立刻) 练 习 选出与划线部分意思相同或相近的一项 ( )1.LiuYingislikehertwinsister. A.likes B.loves C.lookslike ( )2.Youmustdrinkalotofwatereveryday. A.many B.much C.alittle ( )3.MostoftheteachersinourschoolarefromSouthChina. A.livedin B.getbackfromC.comefrom275
( )4.Shetookcareofhergrandpawhenshewasfree. A.lookedafter B.lookedfor C.gavemedicineto ( )5.Areyousureheisabletodotheworkbyhimself. A.must B.hasto C.can ( )6.Mum,I’mhungry.CanIhavesomecakes? A.drink B.eat C.play ( )7.Jack,pleasecomeandsitbytheteacher. A.before B.near C.past ( )8.Summeriscoming.Theweatherwillbecomehotterandhotter. A.catch B.get C.feel ( )9.Excuseme,canyoutellmethewaytotheshop? A.answer B.show C.give ( )10.Hedidn’tbringthebookhere.Hehadtogohometogetit. A.could B.may C.must ( )11.Hello,James.Nicetoseeyou. A.catch B.meet C.watch ( )12.Idon’tunderstandhiswords. A.whathetold B.whathesaid C.thathetalked ( )13.Theycameherebyair. A.bybike B.byplane C.bybus ( )14.Gladtoseeyouagain.275
A.Sorry B.Nice C.Bad ( )15.CanIuseyourbike?Mineisnothere. A.lend B.borrow C.get ( )16.Areyougoingtoswimthisafternoon. A.hasaswimB.haveaswimC.swimming ( )17.I’mnotfreetonight. A.hungry B.late C.busy ( )18.Don’tworry.I’llbebackinaminute. A.verysoon B.fast C.quick ( )19.Summerfollowsspring. A.comesbeforeB.comesafterC.isunder ( )20.I’llgetanewdictionarysoon. A.take B.sell C.buy ( )21.Whendidthestudentsgettothefactoryyesterday? A.came B.arrived C.reach ( )22.Theywerequitepleasedtoseeeachotheragain. A.please B.good C.glad ( )23.Themeetingwillbeheldataquartertoeight. A.8:15 B.7:45 C.7:15 ( )24.Thestudentshadagoodtimeinthewinterholiday. A.enjoyedthemselves B.enjoyedthem C.hadnotime ( )25.Theshirtisverynice.I’lltakeit.275
A.try B.buy C.sell ( )26.Howistheweathertoday? A.What’stheweatherlikeB.Whatwasitlike C.What’stheweatherlookslike ( )27.Mr.LiwilltakemetotheparkifheisfreenextSunday. A.willbefree.B.hastime C.hadtime ( )28.Heprefersapplestooranges. A.likes;thanotherB.likes;betterthan C.doesn’tlike;somuch ( )29.Shedoesn’thavetoworryaboutheillness. A.needn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t ( )30.Hehadtoattendthepartybyhimself. A.alone B.onlyhe C.lonely ( )31.Hesaidnothingatthattime. A.makenoise B.keptsilentC.tookhisseat ( )32.Therewerestillquiteafewpeopleinthestreetthatevening. A.notmany B.many C.much ( )33.We’llheldaclassmeetingtomorrow. A.have B.give C.put ( )34.Thegirlwassoweakthatshedidn’tcatchupwithothers. A.fellbehind B.triedtoholdC.ranafter ( )35.Heprefersapplestooranges. A.likes;thanother B.likes;asmuchas275
C.likes;betterthan ( )36.Thebuildinghasbeenthereforacentury. A.ashorttime B.alongtime C.ahundredyears. ( )37.MrSmithflewtoLondonyesterday. A.wenttoLondonbytrain B.wenttoLondonbybus C.wenttoLondonbyplane ( )38.MikeisweakinChinesebecausehemissedsomanylessons. A.likes B.doeswellin C.isnotgoodat ( )39.Tomhasn’t heardfromhisparentsforalongtime. A.listenedto B.writealetterto C.receivedanylettersfrom ( )40.WewantedtoknowwhenwewouldhaveanEnglishtest. A.wantedtosee B.gottoknow C.wondered ( )41.Everybodysaysheisabrightboy. A.brave B.clever C.tall ( )42.Maryiswearingareddresstoday. A.on B.in C.puttingon ( )43.BothmybrotherandIlikethepictureverymuch. A.He B.We C.I ( )44.Thedoctoraskedhimtogiveupsmoking.275
A.givein B.stop C.goon ( )45.LiLeigotupearlylastSundayandJimgotupearly,too. A.sowasJim B.sodidJim C.Jimdidso初中英语复习专辑(12)情景问题讲解和练习时间:2009年05月12日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 Ⅱ、知识要点 1.问职业: Whatbe+主语?=Whatdoes/do+主语+do? eg.Heisateacher.(提问) ______ _____he_____? 2.It’snicetalkingtoyou.与你谈话真高兴。 △3.表方式的短语 1)onfoot 2)by+交通名词单数(无冠词) =in/ona(the;物主代词;名词所有格) eg.1)bybike=onabike bycar=inacar 2)Hegoestoworkbyabikeeveryday.(改错) _____________ must:个人主观上认为“必须”(无时态变化) 4.haveto:有外部条件强加的客观上的“不得不”(存在各种时态) eg.1)I_________stoponthewaybecauseoftherain. 2)I______stopbecauseI’malittletired. △5.提建议 Shallwe…? 答肯定:Goodidea/OK/275
Let’s… Allright Whynot…? 语否定:No,let’s… 肯定:Certainly/Yes,please/ 另外还可回答为Yes,Ithinkso/I’dloveto 否定:No,Idon’tthinkso/ I’mafraidnot. puton强调“穿”的动作:穿上,戴上后接 △6..wear是puton之后的结果:穿着 “衣服” =bein 名词 dresssb:给某人穿衣 eg.1)You’dbetter____moreclotheswhenyougoout.It’scoldoutside. A.wear B.dress C.puton D.takeoff 2)Theboycan________himselfnow. A.wear B.dress C.puton D.takeoff 3)Tomiswearingaredshirttoday. A.ison B.isin C.isputtingon △7.在具体的某楼前用on eg.Helivesonthefifteenthfloor. △8.Howdoyoulike…?你觉得……怎么样? =Whatdoyouthinkof…? eg.Howdoyoulikethenewfilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthenewfilm?你觉得这部新电影怎么样? 9.alittle=abit275
但注意:1)alittle+名词=abitof+名词) eg.Thereisalittle(abitof)waterintheglass. 2)notalittle=very notabit=notatall △10.quite:quitea(an)+形+名 very:avery+形+名 eg.Thisisaveryinterestingbook. =Thisisquiteaninterestingbook. 11.inahurry:匆忙地 eg.1)Heisinahurryallday. 2)Shewenttoschoolinahurry. 另外:hurryto…=goto…inahurry 12. marrysb=bemarriedtosb.与某人结婚 getmarried=bemarried已婚;结婚 (但getmarried是“短命”动词,要指“结婚多久”应用bemarried) eg.1)Shemarriedwithadoctor(找错)______ 2)Shehasgotmarriedfortenyears(找错)__________ △13.leavesth+地点:把某物忘在某地 forgetsth:忘记某事 eg.1)He______thedriver’slicenseyesterday. 2)I____myumbrellainthetrainjustnow. △14.感叹句 1)What(a,an)+形+名(+主+谓)!275
(注:但名词为不可数、复数时,则不用a/an) 2)How+形/副(+主+谓)! eg.1)________badweather! 2)______hardtheyareworking! 3)______goodgirlsheis! 4)_____beautifulflowerstheyare! “雨大,雪大”heavy---heavily/hard △15.“风大”strong---strongly “太阳大”bright---brightly 注意以上词的形、副区别 eg.1)Therewasa__________rainyesterday. 2)Itblew________lastnight. 3)Thesunisshining___________. 4)Look!It’sraining__________. 5)Whata___________wind! howlong:多长时间(问时间段) △16.howoften:多久一次(问频率) howsoon=when:何时(问将来时间) eg.1)--________doeshegohome? --Onceaweek. 2)--________wereyouawayfromschoollastyear? --Lessthanaweek. 3)--________willhecomeback? --Intwodays.275
eg.1)Ididn’tgotothecinema._____Iwenttothelibraryyesterday. 2)Wewouldliketostayatschool_______goingtothecinematoday. △18.so句型 so+be(助、情)+主语:“也如此” so+主语+be(助、情):“的确如此” eg.1)IwatchedTVlastnight,andsodidshe. 昨晚我看了电视,她也看了。 2)IwatchTVeveryday,andsodoeshe. 我每天看电视,他也如此。 3)Icanswim,soIcan. 我会游泳,真的是这样。 注意:表示“也不如此”用neither/nor eg.Ididn’twatchTVlastnight,neitherdidshe △19.指路与问路 问路 1)Excuseme.Couldyoutellme… howIcangetto…. howtogetto… thewayto… 2)Excuseme.Whichisthewayto… 指路 1)Godown/up/alongthisroadand…275
go还可替换为walk 2)Godown/up/alongtotheend. 3)Goonuntilyoureachtheend. 4)Takethe…turningontheleft. =Turnleftatthe…turning. 5)Goacrossthebridge △20. eg.1)He’ssick/illinhospital. 2)Anurse(A)musttake(B)good(C)careofill(D)men.(选错) _____________ △21. eg.1)__________heisastudent. 2)He___________astudent. △22. 类似结构 △23.到达 但当后不接地点时,只能用arrive eg.1)She____Shanghailastnight. A.reachedtoB.gotC.arrivedinD.arrivedat 2)They____thereintimeatlast. A.reachedtoB.arrivedC.gottoD.arrivedat 1) I’llringyouupassoonashe_____(到达). eg.1)Sheis_____________girl.275
2)Doyoufeel______whenyouare_____? 3)Theoldmanliveinahouse________. eg.Ihave(A)many(B)worktodo(C)______ △ eg.1)Hegaveus_________money. 2)Sheis___________young. △ eg.1)Please____yourexercisebookheretomorrow. 2)Meimeioftenhelpstheoldman_____water. eg.–-Ilookedformypen___________,butIcouldn’tfindit____________. ---Don’tworry.Soonerorlateryou’llfindit_________. 30.toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是…… 类似结构:toone’sjoy使某人高兴的是…… eg.Toourgreatsurprise,shecouldswimintheriver.使我们惊奇的是,他能在河里游泳。 31.agreewith:同意某人(或某人所说的) agreeto:同意某事 eg.1)Heagree___myplan. 2)Iagree____whatyousaid. 32.beon…team:参加……队;是……的队员 eg.Heisonthecitybasketballteam.275
他是市篮球队队员。 △33.teachsb+科目(当sb是人称代词时应用宾格) eg.HeteachesourEnglish(改错)__________ △34.the100-metrerace 100米赛跑 100-metre作定语,修饰race,注意metre用单数。类似结构: ①atwo-thousand-wordletter一封两千字的信 ②an18-year-oldgirl一位18岁的女孩 另外有时还可用所有格形式来表达: 100-metrerace=100metres’race two-monthholiday=twomonths’holiday 但当前面有a/an;物主代词;所有格时。则只能用复合形容词来表示: eg.WhatdidtheheadmastersayaboutJim’s______. A.twomonthsholidayB.Twomonths’holiday C.two-monthholidayD.twomoth’sholiday 35.problem与question question:指人们主观上产生而提出等待回答的问题。常与ask,answer连用 problem:指客观上存在等待解决的问题着重指“难题”。常与solve,workout连用 1)Wemustfindoutagoodwaytosolvethe______. 2)Youcananswerthe_____inyourownwords. borrow:借进 borrow…from从…借 △36.lend:借出 lendsbsth=lendsthtosb 把某物借给某人275
keep:保存;借(多久)(与时间段连用) 1)Jack____mehisbikelastweek. 2)Youcan_____thebookfromme,butyoucan____itforonlyoneweek. △37.It’s+adj+of/forsbtodosth. 当形容词用于修饰人时,介词用of.常见的此类形容词有:kind;good;clever;careful;polite;right;wrong.其余情况用for. 1)It’sveryclever____youtodothat. 2)It’shard____metoworkouttheproblem. △38. more:另外的;额外的(放在数量词之后) another:再一(另一…)(放在数量词之前) 1)MayIhavetwo_____apples? 2)MayIborrow_______onebook? usedto+动原:过去常常做… △39. beusedto+动原:被用于做… be/getusedtosth:习惯于某事 1)Heusedtobelateforschool. 2)Theknifeisusedtocutthings. 3)Heisuesdtohardwork. other:放在被修饰词之前 △40. else:放在被修饰词之后,一般修饰不定代词和疑问词 1)otherstudents别的学生 2)anybodyelse.其它任何人275
whatelse.别的什么 △41. so+形/副 such+形+名 但注意: 1)so+形+a/an+单名=sucha/an+形+单名 2)so(many/much/few/little)+名 3)so…that;such…that如此…以致… ①Itwas____badweather. ②Thereare____manypoorinthecountry. ③____fewanimalseat____muchgrass. ④Thiscityis____old,you’dbettervisitit. ⑤It’s______importantparty____Ican’tmissit. have/hasbeento:曾经去过… △42. have/hasgoneto:已经去了… have/hasbeenin:已在…(多久) 注意:1)后接地点副词here,there,home时应省介词 2)与时间段连用只用have/hasbeenin ①--Where’sTom? --He______________Beijing. ②I______Beijingseveraltimes. ③She________Chengdufortwoyears. ④He__________theretwice. △43.“短命”动词 “长命”动词275
buy—have;borrow—keep;die—bedead;leave—beaway(from);comeback—beback;fallasleep—beasleep;open—beopen; catchacold—haveacold;go/getout—beout; arrive(reach/getto/cometo)+地点—bein+地点;join—bein+集体(或be +成员); turnon—beon;turnoff—beoff; getaletterfrom—havealetterfrom. end/finish—beover;getup—beup; 1)Hehas(A)bought(B)thefridge(C)for(D)twoyears. _________ 2)Howlong(A)may(B)Iborrow(C)the(D)book? _________ 3)Thefilm(A)hasbegun(B)forfiveminutes(C). _________ 4)Tomhasgot(A)theletter(B)from(C)Jimfortwodays(D). __________ 5)Ihave(A)caught(B)acoldsincetwoyearsago(C). ____________ 6)Hehas(A)cometo(B)Beijingfortenyears(C) ___________ 7)Mybrother(A)hasjoined(B)thearmy(C)for(D)fiveyears. ___________ 44. except:除…以外(不包括除去的部分) besides:除了…,还有…(包括除去的部分) 1)WegotoschooleverydayexceptSunday. 该句意味着: WegotoschoolfromMondaytoSaturday.275
2)WeallwenttotheparkbesidesLiLei. 该句意味着: Wewenttothepark,andLiLeiwent,too. take:Ittakesbsometimetodosth. △45. 主语 pay(money)forsth 是人 buysthfor+money cost:sthcostsb+money 主语是物 1)I_____tenyuanonthebook. 2)I_____tenyuanforthebook. 3)Thebook_____metenyuan. 4)I_____thebookfortenyuan. 5)It_____meanhourtodothemathsproblem sometime:某时(与将来时连用) △46 sometimes:有时(一般现在时 sometime:一些时候(表时间段) sometimes:几次 eg.1)He_______(go)toBeijingsometimenextweek. 2)I_______(be)toBeijingsometimes. 47.betodo:表将来 ThereistobeasportsmeetingnextSaturday. △48.计量:表事物的“长、宽、高、深、远、厚”用“long;wide;high/tall;deep;away;thick.275
1)MrGreenisnearlytwometres________ 2)Theiceisaboutonemetre_________. 3)Ourclassroomisabouttwelvemetres______andeightmetres__________. △49.population:不可数名词。指人口的多少用“large/big或small”;询问人口的多少用what. 1)What’sthepopulationofGermany? 德国的人口是多少? 2)Chinahasalargepopulation.中国人口众多 3)Thepopulation(A)of(B)Japanisless(C)thanthat(D)ofIndia. ____________ 另外注意: 表示“有…人口”用haveapopulationof. NowChinahasapopulationofmorethanonebillion.现在中国有十亿多人口。 eg.makeroomfor:为…腾出空间 51.seem的用法: 1)seem+adj=seemtobe+adj Heseemsveryangry=Heseemstobeangry. 2)seemtodo Itseemstoraintomorrow.明天似乎要下雨。 3)Itseems+that从句 Itseemsthatyouareright.你似乎是对的。 1)Hetalkedasifheknewallaboutit.275
他说话的口气好象已经全知道了此事。 2)Heopenedhismouthasiftosaysomething. 他开口似乎要说什么。 1)We____them5to3. 2)Intheendwe_____thematch. interested;excited;surprised主语是人。指某 △53.人对…感兴趣/感到兴奋/感到惊奇(只作表语) interesting;excited;surprising主语是物。指 某物有趣/令人兴奋/使人惊奇(可作定、表语) 1)It’san________footballgame. 2)I’m________inmusic. 1)作情态动词,用于否、疑句 △54.need 2)作实义动词 needtodo(表主动) needdoing(表被动) 1)Youneedn’tgohomenow. 2)Thebikeneedsmending. 3)Ineedtogohomenow. △55. alive:活着的;在世的(常作后置定语) living:活着的;没死的(常作前置定语) 1)Bothplantsandanimalsare_______thing. 2)Noone______willbelieveit. △56.否定前移的动词:think,believe,expect,suppose. 1)Ididn’texpecttheirteamwouldwin.275
我希望他们的对不会赢。 2)Idon’tthinkhewillcometomorrow. 我认为明天他不会来。 lookat:(有意识地)看… △57. see:(lookat之后的结果)看见 read:看(书、报等) watch:看(电视、比赛等) 另外注意:1)seeafilm看电影 2)seeadoctor看医生 1)Ioften______newspaperaftersuppe. 2)He_____thepicture,and____sometreesinit. △58. listento:(有意识地)听… hear:(listento之后的结果)听见 Hewasverysorryto________thebadnews. lookfor:(强调“找”的动作)寻找 △59. find:(lookfor之后的结果)找到 findout:(经过努力、周折)查出,找出(真相等) Theyare___________theirlosthorse. A.finding B.lookingfor C.findingout △60. hope:(可能实现的)愿望 wish:(难以实现的)愿望 另外注意:1)wishtodosth=hopetodosth 2)wishsbtodosth( )275
hopesbtodosth(╳) ( )I_____youtocometoschoolearliernexttime. A.wish B.hope C.wants ①enough:放在形、副之后.goodenough △61.②修饰不定代词(something,anything,nothing)的词应后置。 ③else修饰不定代词和疑问词应后置) 1)Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou. 2)Hedidn’trunfastenoughtocatchupwithTom. hadbetter+动原否定hadbetternot+动原 △62 Will/Wouldyouplease+动原? Will/Wouldyoupleasenot+动原? Willyoupleasenottalkinclass? △63. What’stheweatherlike…?…的天气 =How’stheweather…? 怎么样? △64. find+宾+形:觉得…怎么样 findit+形+todo:觉得做…怎么样 类似用法还有make,think等 1)Ifindthequestion___________(容易). 2)IthinkitimportanttolearnEnglis. △65.anumberof+复名:许多,一些(作主为复) thenumberof:…的数目/号码(作主为三单) Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis50. too:句末 用于肯定句275
△66. also:句中 “也” either:否定句末“也不” 1)Idon’tlikereading,shedoesn’t,______. 2)Tomisfourteen.Jimis_____fourteen. △67. already,just:肯助后 yet:否、疑末 1)Ihavealreadyhadlunch. 2)Ihaven’thadlunchyet. 68. live:(长时间的)居住 stay:(短时间的)居住 eg.HelivesinChangsha,buthe’sgoingtostayinShanghaiforafewdays. 初中英语复习专辑(11)反意疑问句讲解和练习时间:2009年05月12日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 由“陈述句+附加疑问句”两部分构成。一般有两种形式:前肯后否或前否后肯。对附加疑问部分应注意以下几点:1)主语只能用人称代词;2)附加疑问句的not必须与(be/助/情)缩写;3)附加疑问句的时态必须与陈述部分的时态一致。 eg.1)Tomisawork,isn’tTom?(找错)_______ 2)Youcanswim,cannotyou?(找错)______ 3)Hehadlunch,doesn’the?(找错)________ 特别注意以下几种反意疑问句 1. 陈述部分含否定意味的词(few,little, never,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none),附加疑问句应使用肯定形式(但前缀词unhappy,unlike,disappear等列外)275
eg.Theyareunhappy,aren’tthey? 2.陈述部分的主语是everything,something,nothing,anything时,附加疑问句的主语应用it;陈述部分的主语是everybody,somebody,nobody,everyone,noone时,附加疑问句的主语应用they。 eg.1)Everythingisready,___________? 2)Everyoneishere,____________? 3.陈述部分是祈使句时,附加疑问句一般用:willyou?但注意: Let’s…,shallwe? Letus…,willyou? 4.陈述部分含must时,附加疑问句一般用needn’t. eg.Imustfinishmyworknow,_________? 5.陈述部分是therebe结构时,应用therebe结构来完成。 eg.There’slittlewater,___________ *6.陈述部分含宾语从句时,疑问部分通常与主句一致。但当主句的谓语动词是think,believe且主语是I,we时,即: I/Wethink(believe)+宾从,则附加问句应与从句一致。I’msure+宾从也是如此 eg.1)ShesaidIdidit,____________? 2)Wedon’tthinkyouareright,________? 3)I’msureyou’llhelpme,____________? *7.I’m…,aren’tI? eg.Iamolderthanyou,__________? 8.陈述部分含hadbetter,疑问部分应用hadbetter来回答。 eg.You’dbettergoout,___________? 9.陈述部分是感叹句,附加问句的人称代词应与主语一致。275
eg.1)Whatakindgirl,__________? 2)Whatafineday,___________? 练 习 ( )1.Youhadtoworkfor10hoursyesterday,_____? A.didn’tyou B.didnotyou C.hadnotyou D.didyou ( )2.Don’teattoomuch,____? A.willyouB.don’tyouC.doyouD.canyou ( )3.LilylookslikeLucy,____? A.isLily B.isn’tshe C.doesLily D.doesn’tshe ( )4.—Youdidn’tchangeyourmind,didyou ---______. A.No,Ididn’t B.Yes,didI C.No,Idid D.Yes,Ididn’t ( )5.Thewomanhardlyletherdaughtergotoschool,____she? A.does B.doesn’t C.did D.didn’t ( )6.Besuretocometotheparents’meetingontime,____? A.willyou B.aren’tyou C.can’tyou D.mustn’tyou ( )7.Let’shaveagoodrest,____? A.willwe B.dowe C.shalln’twe D.shallwe275
( )8.Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore,___? A.doeshe B.hashe C.hasn’the D.doesn’t ( )9.Tomhassupperatschool,___? A.hasn’the B.hashe C.doesn’the D.doeshe ( )10.Thereislittlewaterintheglass,___? A.isn’tthere B.isn’tit C.isit D.isthere 十六、简单句的五种句型 1.主语+不及物动词(主、谓结构) eg.Heisworking. 2.主语+及物动词+宾语(主、谓、宾结构) eg.WestudyEnglisheveryday. 3.主语+连系动词+表语(主、系、表结构) eg.Treesturngreen. 常见的连系动词有:be;become;get;turn;feel;look(看起来);smell(闻起来);sound(听起来);taste(尝起来);seem(似乎). 特别注意:形容词常作表语 4.主语+及物动词+间宾(人)+直宾(物) =主语+及物动词+直宾(物)+to/for+间宾(人) 常用的此类动词有:give;pass;show;lend;buy.但buy与for连用275
eg.1)Igavehimabook. =Igaveabooktohim. 2)Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday. =Mymotherboughtapenforme. 5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补 注意作宾补的词:1)名词(指宾语是谁/什么);2)形容词;3)不定式;4)动词的ing形式。 eg.1)WecallhimJim. 2)Wemustkeepthewindowopen. 3)Hetoldmetowashtheplates. 4)Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom. 特别注意: 1)动词不定式作宾补 A:ask/want/tellsbtodosth. 其否定式为:ask/want/tellsbnottodosth 2)省to不定式作宾补,即: (l,m,n;3h;2看;1f)sbdosth l—let,m—make,n—notice;3h—hear,have,help;2看—see,watch;1f—feel. eg.1)Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hourseveryday. 2)Ioftenhearhimsing. 2)区别省to不定式作宾补与动词ing形式作宾补. hear/seesbdo:听见/看见某人做了某事 hear/seesbdoing:听见/看见某人在做某事275
初中英语语法复习(8)被动语态·初中英语语法复习(7)形容词、副词的比较等级·初中英语复习专辑(6)连词讲解练习答案·初中英语复习专辑(5)介词讲解练习答案·初中英语复习专辑(4)数词讲解练习答案·初中英语复习专辑(3)代词讲解练习答案·初中英语复习专辑(2)冠词讲解练习答案·初中英语复习专辑(1)名词讲解练习答案初中英语复习专辑(10)宾语从句讲解和练习时间:2009年05月12日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 定语从句:在句中作定语的句子,它修饰一个名词或代词,这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。 一、引导词(关系词):位于从句与先行词之间,起连接作用,同时在从句中充当一定的成分。先行词分两类:1.关系代词who(作主语),whom(作宾语),whose(作定语),which(作主语、宾语),that(作主语、宾语). 2.关系副词when,where,why. 注意:1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,引导词可以省略. eg.Thetrees(that)wehaveplantedgrowwell. 2.关系代词作宾语时,可放在介词后。但当关系代词是that时,则不能放在介词后。eg.ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived =ThisisthehousewhichLuXunoncelivedin. =ThisisthehousethatLuXunoncelivedin 二、如何选用引导词:一般情况引导词的选用是受先行词决定的——先行词是人时用that,who,whom,whose;先行词是物时用that,which;先行词是时间、地点时用when,where. eg.1)Theboywho/thatisstandingunderthetreeisJim.站在树下的那个男孩时Jim.275
2)Doyouknowthegirlwhosemotherisadriver?你认识那个妈妈是司机的女孩吗? 3)Haveyoubeentothefactorywhereyourfatherworks?你去过你爸爸工作的工厂吗? 但注意区别who/that(指人);which/that(指物) 1.修饰人只用who的情况: a.先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时。 b.therebe句型中修饰名词时。 c.先行词后有一个较长的定语。 eg.1)Anyonewhohasn’thandedinhishome-workshouldstayafterschool.没交作业的任何人放学后都要留下。 2)Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyouattheschoolgate.校门口有位想见你的女孩。 3)Didyouseethemanintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhoworearedshirt?昨天下午在公园你见过那个穿红衬衫的人吗? 2.修饰人或物只用that的情况: a.先行词为指物的不定代词all,much,little,few,everything,something,anything,nothing b.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last,only,very,all,no时 c.先行词既有人,又有物时 d.主句是who/which引导的特殊疑问句,而先行词又指人或物时。 eg.1)IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有让我做的事吗? 2)Heistheonlyonethatcanhelpusatthemoment.他是现在能帮助我们的唯一的人。 3)Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.他谈论着他拜访过的老师和参观过的学校。275
4)WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?我们上周星期天用过的机器是哪一台? 3.修饰物只用which的情况: a.先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时 b.先行词为that时 eg.1)ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.这就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。 2)What’sthatwhichyouareholdinginyourarms?你抱着的那个是什么? *三、定语从句可简化为短语 1.定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语;定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。 2.定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语,可简化为介词短语作定语。 3.定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词,可简化为不定式。 eg.1)IboughtabookthatwaswrittenbyLuXun. =IboughtabookwrittenbyLuXun. 2)Tellthechildrenwhoareplayingtherenottodothat. =Tellthechildrenplayingtherenottodothat. 3)Thebookthatisonthetableismine. =Thebookonthetableismine. 4)Wehavenothingthatweshouldfear. =Wehavenothingtofear. 练 习 一、用适当的关系代词填空 1.Isittheveryhouse________youlivedintenyearsago? 2.Thewoman_____sitsnexttothedoorismymother.275
3.I’llneverforgettheyear_____IjoinedtheLeague. 4.Itisthehouse_____Iwasborn. 5.Thehouse______roofisbrokenhasbeenrepaired. 二、用短语来改写下面的定语从句部分。 1.ThemanthatistalkingwithMaryismybrother. ______________________________________ __________________. 2.Thisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyaworker ______________________________________ 3.ThestudentwhoisfromCanadaspeaksFrench. ______________________________________ __________. 4.Shehasalotofworkthatshemustdo. _____________________________________ 三、选择填空 ( )1.Theman____wasafriendofmine. A.thatyoujusttalkedto B.whomyoujusttalkedtohim C.whoyoujusttalkedtohim D.whichyoujusttalkedto ( )2.Thisisthebestfilm____hasbeenshownthisyear. A.who B.that C.which D.when ( )3.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.275
A.which B.what C.that D.inwhere ( )4.Mr.Litoldusthestonesandwriters____interestedhim A.what B.who C.that D.which ( )5.Myfatherstillrememberstheday___hejoinedthearmy. A.when B.which C.towhich D.fromwhich ( )6.I’llneverforgetthesummerholidays____wespenttogether. A.when B.inwhich C.which D.how ( )7—Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees? —Yes,hedoes. A.which B.whose C.where D.who ( )8.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant. A.who B.where C.what D.that ( )9.Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle. A.whose B.whom C.which D.who ( )10.—Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher? —Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher. A.he B.that C.whom D.which ( )11.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble. A.who B.which C.they D.where ( )12.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing. A.who B.whom C.he D.which ( )13.Thisistheplace _____Ihaveevervisited.275
A.there B.when C.where D.which ( )14.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting. A.that B.which C.why D.when ( )15.Themoonisaworld___thereisnolife. A.that B.which C.where D.why ( )16.Hehasforgottentheday___hearrived. A.when B.where C.that D.which ( )17.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily. A.when B.where C.that D.onwhich ( )18.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman. A.who B.that C.whoseD.which ( )19.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation. A.that B.which C.when D.where ( )20.Thisisthehouse______Iwanttobuy. A.inwhich B.that C.whose D.where ( )21.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn. A.that B.which C.when D.where ( )22.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation. A.that B.which C.where D.when初中英语语法复习(8)被动语态·初中英语语法复习(7)形容词、副词的比较等级·初中英语复习专辑(6)连词讲解练习答案·初中英语复习专辑(5)介词讲解练习答案275
·初中英语复习专辑(4)数词讲解练习答案·初中英语复习专辑(3)代词讲解练习答案·初中英语复习专辑(2)冠词讲解练习答案·初中英语复习专辑(1)名词讲解练习答案初中英语复习专辑(9)宾语从句:充当宾语的句子时间:2009年05月12日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 对宾语从句应注意以下三要素: 1.引导词2.语序 3.时态 1.引导词 1)that引导一般疑问句意义的宾从(that可省) eg.Hesays(that)theboyisalilltleweakinChinese. 2)疑问词引导特殊疑问句意义的宾从 eg.①.Doyouknowwhowillgiveusatalk? ②.Idon’tknowwhosebookthatis. ③.Couldyoupleasetellwhichgatewehavetogoto? ④.Iwonderwhenhewillcomeback. 注意:此类宾从的主语与主句的主语(或宾语)相同时,可替换为“疑问词+todo” eg.①.Ihaven’tdecidedwhereIwillgo =Ihaven’tdecidedwheretogo ②.HeaskedmewhatIbought =Heaskedmewhattobuy. 类似短语:howtodo_____whattosay_____ whattodo_____wheretogo____ 3)if/whether(是否)引导一般疑问句意义的宾从275
eg.①.“Doyoulikethisbook?”sheaskedme. =Sheaskedme___Ilikedthisbook. ②.“HaveyouvisitedtheGreatWall?”Couldyoutellme? =Couldyoutellme_____youhavevisitedtheGreatWall? 注意以下几点: ⅰ.区别if当作“是否”,还是“如果” eg.Idon’tknowifhe______(come)ifit______(rain)tomorrow. ⅱ.用whether不用if的几种情况 1)后接不定式 eg.Ican’tdecidewhethertogotoBeijing. 2)与or/ornot连用 eg.Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillgototheparkornot. 3)在句首时 eg.Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay. 4)whether还可以引导让步状语从句,意为“不管,无论” eg.Whetheritrainsornot,wearegoingtotheparktomorrow. 2.语序:宾从用陈述句语序 eg.1)Idon’t(A)knowwhether(B)willhe(C)come(D)tomorrow. _____________ 2)Heasks(A)mewhen(B)willyou(C)comeback(D). _____________ 3)Couldyoutell(A)howmanyplayers(B)arethere(C)in(D)afootballteam?________ 3.时态275
主句 宾语从句 一般现在时 一切时态 一般过去时 过去范畴的某一时态(一般过去时;过去进行时;过去完成时;过去将来时) 但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时,则只能用一般现在时。 eg.Shesaid(that)thesunrisesintheeast. 练 习 ( )1.Alicewantedtoknow____hergrandmalikedthedog. A.that B.if C.which D.what ( )2.Canyoutellus____? A.wherehaveyougone B.wherehaveyougone C.whereyouhavebeen D.wherehaveyoubeen ( )3.Doyoustillremember____? A.thathesaid B.whathesaid C.didhesaythat D.whatdidhesay275
( )4.Theweatherherechangesveryoftenandwecan’ttell____itwillbeliketomorrow. A.that B.how C.what D.whether ( )5.—Whatdidthescientistsay? ---Hesaidhewonderedif____intospacebyspaceshiponeday. A.hehadtofly B.hecouldfly C.canhefly D.couldhefly ( )6.Doyouknow___fromWuhantoXi’an? A.howfaritis B.howfarisit C.howlongitis D.howlongisit ( )7.Couldyoutellme____? A.wheredoyoulive B.whoyouarewaitingfor C.whowereyouwaitingfor D.whereyoulivein ( )8.—Isthelaketherebeautiful? -–Thisphotowillshowyou____. A.howdoesitlooklike B.whatdoesitlooklike C.howitlookslike D.whatitlookslike ( )9.Idon’tknow____boughtthepresentforme.IsitJack? A.which B.who C.whose D.what ( )10.Couldyoushowus____abike?275
A.howtomend B.whattobuy C.wheretogo D.howmanytobuy ( )11.Idon’tknow____Janewaslateforschoolthismorning. A.who B.what C.whom D.why ( )12.—Doyouremember____hecame? --Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar. A.that B.if C.how D.when ( )13.Mikesaidhe___acoldforafewdays. A.hascaught B.hadcaught C.hashad D.hadhad ( )14.Idon’tknowifhe____here.Ifhe____,I’lltellyou. A.willcome,comes B.comes,willcome C.comes,comes D.willcome,willcome ( )15.Couldyoutellme____best? A.whichoneyoulikeB.whichonedoyoulike C.doyoulikewhichoneD.youlikewhichone ( )16.Theteachertoldthechildrenthattheearth____aroundthesun. A.moves B.moved C.hadmoved D.wasmoving ( )17.Nobodyknowswhichfactory_____. A.doeshework B.heworks C.doesheworkin D.heworksin ( )18.Hesaidthatnooneknew___withhim. A.whatisthematterB.whatwasthematter275
C.whatthematterisD.whatthematterwas ( )19.I’minterestedin_____ornotheiscoming. A.whether B.if C.when D.why ( )20.I’msorrythatI____youwerehere. A.didn’tknow B.don’tknow C.won’tknow D.can’tknow初中英语语法复习(8)被动语态·初中英语语法复习(7)形容词、副词的比较等级·初中英语复习专辑(6)连词讲解练习答案·初中英语复习专辑(5)介词讲解练习答案·初中英语复习专辑(4)数词讲解练习答案·初中英语复习专辑(3)代词讲解练习答案·初中英语复习专辑(2)冠词讲解练习答案·初中英语复习专辑(1)名词讲解练习答案初中英语中定冠词用法15例 时间:2009年05月06日 作者:匿名 来源:博客 使用定冠词的15种情况: 1.表示特定的或上文提到过的人或物 例:Haveyoueverbeentothecitybefore?(你曾经去过那个城市吗?) 2.指世界上独一无二的事物 例:thesun(太阳) 3.用在序数词和形容词最高级前面 例:thehottestnight(炎热的夜晚) 4.用在表示方向、方位的名词前 例:theright(右边)275
5.用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛前 例:theHimalayas(喜马拉雅山) 6.用在某些形容词前表示一类人 例:thewounded(伤员) 7.用在表示乐器的名词前 例:thepiano(钢琴) 8.与单数名词连用表示一类事物 例:Thehorseisausefulanimal.(马是有用的动物) 9.用在发明物之前 例:thecompass(指南针) 10.用在逢十的复数数词前,表示年代 例:inthe1990’s(在20世纪90年代) 11.用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示某家人 例:theBlacks(布莱克一家) 12.用在单位名词前 例:measurebythemetre(用米来衡量) 13.用在身体的部位前 例:catchsb.bythearm(抓住胳膊) 14.用在某些专有名词前 例:theUnitedNations(联合国) 15.用在某些习惯用语中 例:bytheway(顺便说) 275
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