常用英语语法术语 4页

英语语法术语汇总语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure实义词notional/contentword虚词structural/form/functionword构词法word-building词根root前缀prefix后缀suffix同义词synonym反义词antonym转化法conversion派生法derivation词缀法affixation合成法composition派生词derivative复合词compound词性partofspeech名词的分类classificationofnouns名词noun专有名词propernoun普通名词commonnoun可数名词countablenoun不可数名词uncountablenoun抽象名词abstractnoun具体名词concretenoun物质名词materialnoun集合名词collectivenoun个体名词individualnoun介词preposition感叹词interjection引导词particle感叹词exclamation强调词emphasizer强调用法emphaticuse动词verb实义动词notionalverb主动词mainverb及物动词transitiveverb双宾语及物动词ditransitiveverb不及物动词intransitiveverb系动词linkingverb助动词auxiliary情态动词modalverb规则动词regularverb不规则动词irregularverb短语动词phrasalverb限定动词finiteverb非限定动词non-finiteverb使役动词causativeverb感官动词verbofsenses动态动词eventverb静态动词stativeverb副词adverb方式副词adverbofmanner程度副词adverbofdegree时间副词adverboftime地点副词adverbofplace频度副词adverboffrequency疑问副词interrogativeadverb关系副词relativeadverb连接副词conjunctiveadverb代词pronoun人称代词personalpronoun物主代词possessivepronoun反身代词reflexivepronoun相互代词reciprocalpronoun指示代词demonstrativepronoun疑问代词interrogativepronoun关系代词relativepronoun不定代词indefinitepronoun名词性物主代词nominalpossessivepronoun形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossessivepronoun4 格case普通格commoncase主格nominativecase宾格objectivecase所有格possessivecase单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称firstperson第二人称secondperson第三人称thirdperson冠词article定冠词definitearticle不定冠词indefinitearticle数词numeral基数词cardinalnumeral序数词ordinalnumeral分数词fractionalnumeral连词conjunction并列连词coordinatingconjunction从属连词subordinatingconjunction形容词adjective比较等级degreesofcomparison原级positive/absolutedegree比较级comparativedegree最高级superlativedegree形式form数number原形baseform规则形式regularform不规则形式irregularform单数形式singularform/number复数形式pluralform/number限定动词finiteverbform非限定动词non-finiteverbform缩略形式contractedform动词的主要形式principalformsofverbs现在形式presentform过去形式pastform分词participle垂悬分词danglingparticiple无依着分词unattachedparticiple现在分词presentparticiple过去分词pastparticiple不定式infinitive动名词gerund动名词verbalnoun从句clause主句mainclause名词性分句nominalclause从属句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause从属分句dependentclause名词从句nominalclause定语从句attributiveclause限制性定语从句restrictiveattributiveclause非限制性定语从句non-restrictiveattributiveclause先行项antecedent引述动词reportingverb关系词relativeword比较分句comparativeclause状语从句adverbialclause宾语从句objectclause主语从句subjectclause表语从句predicativeclause4 同位语从句appositiveclause时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition（impliedconditional）句子sentence句法syntax简单句simplesentence并列句compoundsentence复合句complexsentence并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence陈述句declarativesentence疑问句interrogativesentence一般疑问句generalquestion特殊疑问句specialquestion选择疑问句alternativequestion附加疑问句tagquestion反义疑问句disjunctivequestion修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion感叹疑问句exclamatoryquestion祈使句imperative/commandsentence分裂句cleftsentence基本句型basicsentencepattern存在句existentialsentence肯定句positivesentence否定句negativesentence双重否定doublenegative祈使句imperativesentence省略句ellipticalsentence感叹句exclamatorysentence独立句absoluteconstruction独立主格结构nominativeabsoluteconstruction平行结构parallelconstruction句子成分membersofsentences主语subject并列主语compoundsubject逻辑主语logicalsubject真主语realsubject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dualobject直接宾语directobject间接宾语indirectobject复合宾语complexobject呼语directaddress插入语parenthesis附加成分appendedelement插入成分insertedelement补语complement主补subjectcomplement宾补objectcomplement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial时间状语temporaladverbial修饰语modifier独立成分independentelement直接引语directspeech间接引语indirectspeech独立结构absoluteconstruction限定性定语limitingattribute描绘性定语descriptiveattribute简单谓语simplepredicate复合谓语compoundpredicate短语phrase分词短语participialphrase介词短语prepositionalphrase不定式短语infinitivephrase动词短语verbphrase句法关系syntacticrelationship并列coordinate4 从属subordination修饰modification前置fronting前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction时态tense一般过去时simplepasttense过去完成时pastperfectivetense过去将来时pastfuturetense过去进行时pastprogressivetense过去将来进行时pastfutureprogressivetense过去将来完成时pastfutureperfectivetense过去完成进行时pastperfectiveprogressivetense一般现在时simplepresenttense现在完成时presentperfectivetense现在进行时presentprogressivetense现在完成进行时presentperfectiveprogressivetense一般将来时simplefuturetense将来完成时futureperfecttense将来进行时futureprogressivetense将来完成进行时futureperfectprogressivetense时态的呼应sequenceoftenses被动语态passivevoice主动语态activevoice语态voice主动语态activevoice被动语态passivevoice语气mood陈述语气indicativemood祈使语气imperativemood虚拟语气subjunctivemood否定negation否定范围scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否定partialnegation转移否定shiftofnegation语序order自然语序natural/normalword-order倒装语序inversion倒装inversion倒装语序invertedword-order全部倒装fullinversion部分倒装partialinversion省略ellipsis句型的转换transformationofsentence句子分析analysisofsentence标点符号punctuationmarks句号period/fullstop问号questionmark感叹号exclamationmark逗号comma分号semicolon冒号colon破折号dash连字号hyphen引号quotationmarks括号parenthesis撇号（所有号，重音号，省字号）apostrophe一致agreement/concord主谓一致subject-predicateagreement语法一致grammaticalagreement概念一致notionalagreement就近原则principleofproximity强调emphasis重复repetition正式文体formalstyle非正式文体informalstyle口语spoken/oralEnglish套语formulisticexpression感情色彩emotionalcoloring褒义commendatory贬义derogatory4