常用英语语法术语表 6页

常用英语语法术语表语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类partofspeech单词word实词notionalword虚词structuralword名词noun专有名词propernoun普通名词commonnoun可数名词countablenoun不可数名词uncountablenoun抽象名词abstractnoun具体名词concretenoun物质名词materialnoun集体名词collectivenoun个体名词individualnoun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词mainverb及物动词transitiveverb不及物动词intransitiveverb系动词linkverb助动词auxiliaryverb情态动词modalverb规则动词regularverb不规则动词irregularverb短语动词phrasalverb限定动词finiteverb非限定动词infiniteverb使役动词causativeverb感官动词verbofsenses动态动词eventverb静态动词stateverb 感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverbofmanner程度副词adverbofdegree时间副词adverboftime地点副词adverbofplace修饰性副词adjunctadverb连接性副词conjunctadverb关系副词relativeadverb疑问副词interrogativeadverb代词pronoun人称代词personalpronoun物主代词possessivepronoun反身代词reflexivepronoun相互代词reciprocalpronoun指示代词demonstrativepronoun疑问代词interrogativepronoun关系代词relativepronoun不定代词indefinitepronoun名词性物主代词nominalpossessivepronoun形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossessivepronoun冠词article定冠词definitearticle不定冠词indefinitearticle数词numeral基数词cardinalnumeral序数词ordinalnumeral分数词fractionalnumeral形式form单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform规则形式regularform不规则形式irregularform原形baseform句子sentence简单句simplesentence并列句compoundsentence 复合句complexsentence并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence陈述句declarativesentence疑问句interrogativesentence一般疑问句generalquestionsentence特殊疑问句specialquestionsentence选择疑问句alternativequestionsentence附加疑问句tagquestionsentence反义疑问句disjunctivequestionsentence修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestionsentence感叹疑问句exclamatoryquestionsentence存在句existentialsentence肯定句positivesentence否定句negativesentence祈使句imperativesentence省略句ellipticalsentence感叹句exclamatorysentence基本句型basicsentencepattern句子成分membersofsentences主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dualobject直接宾语directobject间接宾语indirectobject复合宾语complexobject同源宾语cognateobject补语complement主语补足语subjectcomplement宾语补足语objectcomplement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial从句clause从属句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause名词从句nominalclause定语从句attributiveclause状语从句adverbialclause宾语从句objectclause主语从句subjectclause 同位语从句appositiveclause时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition句法关系syntacticrelationship并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction格case普通格commoncase所有格possessivecase主格nominativecase宾格objectivecase性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称firstperson第二人称secondperson第三人称thirdperson语态voice主动语态activevoice被动语态passivevoice语气mood陈述语气indicativemood祈使语气imperativemood 虚拟语气subjunctivemood时态tense一般现在时presentsimpletense一般过去时pastsimpletense一般将来时futuresimpletense过去完成时pastperfecttense现在完成时presentperfecttense将来完成时futureperfecttense现在进行时presentcontinuoustense过去进行时pastcontinuoustense将来进行时futurecontinuoustense过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense现在完成进行时presentperfectcontinuoustense过去完成进行时pastperfectcontinuoustense否定negation否定范围scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否定partialnegation转移否定shiftofnegation语序order自然语序naturalorder倒装语序inversion全部倒装fullinversion部分倒装partialinversion一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicateagreement语法一致grammaticalagreement概念一致notionalagreement就近原则principleofproximity文体style正式文体formalstyle非正式文体informalstyle口语spoken/oralEnglish英式英语BritishEnglish美式英语AmericanEnglish感情色彩emotionalcoloring褒义的commendatory贬义的derogatory 幽默的humorous讽刺的sarcastic挖苦的ironic