初中英语语法之八 副词 9页

副词一 副词的构成：从形态上看，大多数副词都是由“形容词＋后缀-ly”构成的，例如：slowly,heavily,truly,terribly等。形容词变副词：①.在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly②.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily③.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly;true-truly;gentle-gently注意:friendly;motherly;lovely，weekly，lively等词是形容词而非副词。④.英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词，例如：daily,early,fast,hard,high,long,near,straight,well等。请比较它们的词义和用法：thehighjump跳高项目（形容词） tojumphigh跳得高（副词）afastcar 行得快的汽车（形容词）todrivefast  开快车（副词）anearlyriser 早起的人（形容词）togetupearly 起得早（副词） astraightline直线（形容词）Gostraightahead. 一直朝前走。（副词）注意：兼有两种形式的副词①.late与lately：late意思是"晚"；lately意思是"最近"。例如：Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?②.deep与deeply：deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"。例如：Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.③.high与highly：high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如：Theplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.④.wide与widely：wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"。例如：Heopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.二副词的分类：(见下表)时间副词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词疑问/连接副词其他副词today,tomorrow,once,here,there,very,too,well,how,too,also,yesterday,now,twice,home,below,enough,hard,where,nor,so,then,early,late,always,anywhere,rather,quite,alone,when,as,on,off, once,soon,just,usually,above,outside,how,so,fast,why,either,tonight,long,often,in,inside,out,much,just,together,whetheryes,no,already,yet,before,sometimes,back,up,down,nearly,onlysuddenly,however,etc.not,neitherago,later,eversincenever,away,off,far,almost,hardly,-ly结尾关系副词maybe,after,whenever(seldom),near,nearby,aslongas等,的副词where,perhaps,first,someday,ever,wherevereven,all,　why,howcertainly,sometime,last,　everywhere,alittle,abit　when,　二、副词的句法功能⑴作状语：①时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：WewillvisittheGreatWalltomorrow./TheyhavealreadybeentotheUKtwice.②频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、threetimes等一般放在句尾。如：SometimesIgetupearly./Theworkersusuallyhavelunchatthefactory.③方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Oldpeoplecanhardlywalkasquicklyasyoungpeople.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快)④地点副词：一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如：Thereyoucanseethousandsofbikesrunninginalldirections(方向)./Thefrightenedwolfranaway.⑤程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：Inearlyforgotallaboutitifhedidnottellmeagain./ItwassostrangethatIcouldhardlybelievemyears.⑥疑问副词 ：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如：Whenandwherewereyouborn?(你何时何地出生？)/Howdoyoudo?(你好！)⑦连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。HowIamgoingtokillthecatisstillaquestion.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/Thatiswhyeveryoneisafraidofthetiger.⑧关系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如：ThisistheplacewhereMrZhangoncelived./PleasetellmethewayhowyouhavelearnedEnglishsowell.⑨其它副词：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在动词前；either“也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：HewenttothePalaceMuseumandIwentthere,too./--Tomdoesn’thaveacomputer.–NordoI.(2)作表语：地点副词、时间副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如：I’mverysorryheisn’tinatthemoment.(3)作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。如：Peoplenowoftenhavetheirfestivaldinnersatrestaurants.(4)作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Putyourdirtysocksaway,Jim!Theyaregivingoutbadsmell![注意]“动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则该副词应该放在代词之后。如：Hewrotedowntheword.(他写下了那个词。)→Hewroteitdown.(他把它写了下来。)三 副词的位置：①.副词修饰动词时，通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如：UsuallyIdomyhomeworkintheevening.(句首)通常我晚上做家庭作业。Ioftengetupatsix.(句中)我常在6点起床。Pleasespeakslowly.(句末)请慢慢说。注意：频度副词通常置于系动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实义动词之前。例如：Maryisalwayslateforthemeeting.IhaveneverbeentoLondon.Mymotheroftendoesmorningexercisesinthemorning.②.副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面，但也有例外。如：Theseflowersarequitebeautiful.（在形容词前）Heworksveryhard.（在副词前）Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.（在形容词后）注意： A.副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。例如：(错)IverylikeEnglish.(对)IlikeEnglishverymuch.B.副词enough应放在所修饰的形容词、副词或动词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。例如：Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.Iknowhimwellenough.　Hedidn"tgetupearlyenoughtocatchtheearlybus.　C.注意顺序：quite/ratheragoodplayer=averygoodplayer.一个相当不错的球员。③.按一般规则，如果有几个时间状语，单位大的应放在单位小的后面。如：Thefilmwillbeginatseveno’clockthisevening.电影今晚7点开演。Iwasbornattwoo’clockonthemorningofMay15.④.按一般规则,既有地点状语又有时间状语时，地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如：Wehadameetingintheclassroomyesterdayafternoon.我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。HewatchedTVathomelastnight.他昨晚在家看电视。【考题分析】1．—OnemoresatellitewassentupintospaceinChinainMay.—Right.Thegovernmentspoke____that.A.highlyforB.highofC.wellofD.highlyof分析：本题考点为speakhighlyof，其中用的是副词highly。答案：D2．Somestudieshaveshownthatstudentswhoeatgoodbreakfaststay______anddo______thanthosewhodon’t.A.thin,wellB.thinner,betterC.thethinnest,thebestD.thinnest,best分析：本题第1空格为形容词，第2空格为副词。后半句中有than一词，说明要求使用比较级。答案：B3．Itis______toworkoutthisproblem.Youneedn’tgototheteacher.A.enougheasyB.easilyenoughC.easyenoughD.veryeasily分析：副词enough的位置问题是一个常见的考点，它通常位于形容词或副词的后面。答案：C4．同义句：Therewasaheavyrainlastnight.__________________lastnight.分析：我们知道，大多数副词和形容词之间存在着同义转换关系，例如：Heisaslowrunner.→Herunsslowly.本题即可从这里找到答案，但同时要注意动词的用法。答案：Itrainedheavily5.—Howfaristhefactoryfromhere?—It’sabout4kilometers_______.A.farB.longC.awayD.near分析：此题容易误选A。这是由于受到汉语思维的影响，因为译成汉语正好是“大约4公里远”。其实，问距离时可以用Howfaris….?，但是far不能与表示具体的距离连用，此时应该用away。正确答案为：C【巩固练习】一、用所给形容词或副词的适当形式填空：1. Itis         inthesouththaninthenorth. (warm)2. Frenchisnotusedso         asEnglish. (widely) 3. Hisbrotherisquite        .Heisthe         inhisclass. (strong)4. Whichgoes        ,ahorseoradog? (fast)5. Thesunis         totheearththanmanyotherstars. (near)6. The         youspeak,the         weshallunderstandyou. (clearly,well)7. Shefell         yesterdayandshefeelseven         today. (ill)8. Christmasinthewestisas         astheSpringFestivalinChina. (important)9. TheChangjiangRiverisoneofthe         riversintheworld. (long)10.Wearetootiredtogoany        . (far)11. Thisworkisquite________.Ithinkhecandoitquite________. (easy)12. Travellingbyairismuch________thantravellingbytrain. (expensive)13.Hespoketoo____forustofollow.Haveyoueverheardapersonwhospeaks___thanhim? (quickly)14.Thisphotoisvery________,butthatoneis________thanthisone. (old)15. Myfrienddoesn’tfeel________enoughtoday,butIbelievehe’llbe________tomorrow. (well)二、选择填空：1.Maryisthanhersister.A.verymorecarefullyB.muchcarefulC.muchmorecarefulD.muchcarefully2.Billisthananyoftheintheclass.A.taller,otherboysB.tall,otherboyC.taller,boysD.tall,otherboys3.Heisn’ttoholdsuchaheavybox.A.enoughhighB.verystrongC.strongenoughD.tallenough4.Heknewonlyaboutthehistory,butIknew.A.alittle,afewB.little,evenlittleC.some,leastD.alittle,evenless5.Wehavekepttheroomforyou.It’scomfortableroomwehave.A.themoreB.themostC.verymuchD.muchtoo6.Hedidn’tusehispen,becauseitwasn’ttowritewith.A.goodenoughB.goodasenoughC.asenoughgoodD.bestenough7.MikeTom.A.doesn’tdriveasfastthanB.don’tdrivesofastasC.driveslessfastasD.driveslessfastthan8.Thisbuildingisoneofthetwo.A.themostmagnificentB.verymagnificentC.themoremagnificentD.moremagnificent9.Ifyoudon’tgotoseethedoctor,yourillnesswillbecome.A.verybadB.veryworseC.muchworstD.worse10.TheYellowRiverisriverinChina.参考答案: 一、1.warmer 2.widely 3.strong,strongest 4.faster 5.nearer 6.moreclearly,better 7.ill,worse 8.important 9.longest 10.farther 11.easy,easily 12.moreexpensive 13.quickly,morequickly 14.old,older 15.well,better二、1—5CACDB 6—10ADCDB初中英语语法专项习题--副词1()1HespeaksEnglish___hisaunt.A.asgoodasB.aswellasC.asbetterasD.asbestas()2.Whichdoyoulike_____,skating,swimmingorfishing?A.moreB.mostC.betterD.best()3Whosings___,RoseorKate?A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best()4Shewrites____thanI.A.morecarefulB.muchcarefulC.muchmorecarefullyD.muchcarefully()5Thenightwasvery___,sohehadtotakeoffhisshoes___.A.quiet;quietlyB.quite;quicklyC.late;quickD.quite;quietly()6How___thegirlsareplaying!A.happyB.happierC.happylyD.happily2()1____hedropsin___hisfriendsaftersupper.A.Sometimes;forB.Sometimes;onC.Often;forD.Seldom;on()2InBritaintea___withmilkorsugarinit.A.usuallydrinksB.isusuallydrunkC.usuallyisdrunkD.drankusually()3He____toschooltocleanhisclassroom.A.alwayscomesearlyB.comesalwaysearlyC.alwaysearlycomesD.comealwaysearlier3()1Better___thannever.A.lateB.thelaterC.laterD.thelate()2WehavebeentotheChinaFolkCultureVillages____.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.last()3Igotup____today.A.laterB.morelatelyC.latelyD.late4()1TodayTomgoestoschoolearlierthan___.A.asusualB.usualC.usuallyD.ago()2Todaywedoourhomeworkathome___.A.thanusualB.oftenC.usuallyD.asusual()3Alice___goestoschoolatseven.A.usualB.usuallyC.hardD.alittle 5()1Itwas___badweatherthatweallhadtostayinside.A.veryB.soC.ratherD.such()2Heis___kindanoldmanthatallthechildrenlikehim.A.veryB.soC.ratherD.such()3He,ourheadmasterwas___pleasedwithourwork.A.fairlyB.evenC.muchD.great()4Therewasaheavysnowlastnight.Thismorningis____outside.A.toorathercoldB.rathertoocoldC.suchcoldD.fairlycold6()1Wewon"tgotothecinemanextSaturday.Theywon"t____.A.tooB.alsoC.neitherD.either()2Shelikesreadingand___.A.soIdoB.IdosoC.IlikesoD.sodoI()3-Iwon"tgototheGreatWalltomorrow.-Iwon"t,___.A.neitherB.eitherC.tooD.also()4Helikestodosomereadinginthemorning,Ilikeit,___.A.tooB.eitherC.neitherD.also()5Hedidn"tknowheraddress,____didI.A.tooB.alsoC.eitherD.neither7() 1Ihaveneverseen___bigpears.A.suchB.veryC.soD.rather()2Heis___tiredthathecan"tgoanyfarther.A.soB.such-C.veryD.too()3Thatmathsproblemis___difficult___nobodycanworkitout.A.too;toB.very;thatC.so;thatD.very;but()4Heis     ,teacherthatallofuslikehim.A.suchgoodaB.asogoodC.sogoodaD.asuchgood()5Jackdoesn"twork____Tom.A.assogoodB.sogoodasC.sohardasD.soharderas8()1Ididmyhomeworkhours_____.A.beforeB.laterC.agoD.late()2Isawthefilmtwodays___.A.agoB.beforeC.afterD.late()3Iseemtohavemetyou___.A.beforeB.agoC.yetD.sometime 9()1Hegotback____atfour.A.tohomeB.athomeC.hishomeD.home()2Come____quickly.Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.A.tohereB.uptohereC.hereD.intohere()3Thesetwoyoungmenstood___watchingthetrainmovingaway.A.bythereB.fromthereC.thereD.tothere10() 1Mothersaid,"Tom,you"reseventeen,____achild."A.noagainB.notlongerC.notmoreD.nolonger()2"Don"tdothat___."theteachersaidtoTom.A.nomoreB.nolongerC.anymoreD.somemore()3Idon"twanttotalkwithyou____.A.yesterdayB.nolongerC.anylongerD.somelonger()4TheyhavemovedawayfromBeijing.Theydon"tlivethere____.A.anylongerB.oncemoreC.eitherD.again11()1MyauntwillcomebackfromBeijing____.A.beforelongB.longbeforeC.afterlongD.longafter()2Shereadthebook___.AndI"llreadit___.A.longbefore;longbeforeB.beforelong;beforelongC.beforelong;longbeforeD.longbefore;beforelong12() 1Whenyoudoeye-exercise,youmustkeepyoureyes____.A.closeB.closesC.closingD.closed()2It"sawindyday.You"dbetter____thewindows.A.closeB.closedC.closingD.toclose()3Bruceoften___hislefthand___.A.keep;closeB.keeps;closedC.keep;closedD.keeps;close()4Itisveryhot.Pleasekeepthedoor          .A.openB.openingC.opensD.opened13()1Theboatisleft___bythebankoftheriver.A.alongB.aloneC.longD.lonely ()2Hehasarest___athome,watchingTV.A.aloneB.oneC.alongD.lonely()3Theywentoutforawalk___thelake.A.aloneB.alongC.lonelyD.at()4Thewallistwometres____.A.highlyB.widelyC.longD.along 参考答案：1.1-6BDCCAD2.1-3BBA3.1-3AAD4.1-3BDB5.1-4DBAB6.1-5DDBAD7.1-5AACCC8.1-3CAA9.1-3DCC10.1-4DCCA11.1-2AD12.1-4DABA13.1-5BABC