高中英语语法专题讲解与练习 8页

高中英语语法专题讲解与练习——动词的时态与语态动词的时态和语态英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。时间主要有四个主要部分，即现在、过去、将来和过去将来。动作方面也有四种，即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。中学课本中需掌握的时态主要有九种：一、一般现在时（TheSimplePresentTense）1、结构1）(Active)do;does2）(Passive)is(am,are)done2、主要用法①表示经常发生的动作和存在的状态。e.g.Ioftencometoschoolearly.②表示主语的特征，性格和能力。e.g.Heisanengineer.Helooksyoung.③表示客观事实，或普遍真理。e.g.Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。④在时间，条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。e.g.I’lltellhimaboutitwhenhereturnshome.⑤表示按时刻表计划或安排好的动作。（只限于表示起始或移动意义的动词。begin,come,leave,start,arrive,go,etc.）e.g.Iwillfindoutwhenthetrainleaves.TheplaneforSanFranciscotakesoffatthreep.m..3、与一般现在时连用的时间状语：everyday,onceaweek,twiceaweek,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,neveretc.e.g.Igotothecinemaonceaweek.e.g.Sometimesweworkuntiltwelveo’clock.4、主动变被动1）Doyouoftencleanyourroom?Isyourroomoftencleaned?2）PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.Englishisspokeninmanycountries.一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数talk______forget______hope______stop______perform______play______say______buy______worry______fly______study_______like_______make______take______love_______recite_______become_______come_______drive_______shine_______8 leave_____wake_______ride_______write_______hike______give______see______swim______stop______shop_______plan______get_______sit_______let_______cut_______run_______forget_______begin_______wash_____watch_______finish______teach_____fish_______reach_______go_______do_____二.用所给单词的适当形式填空.1.Weoften______(play)intheplayground.2.He_____(get)upatsixo’clock.3._____you______(brush)yourteetheverymorning.4.What(do)______heusually(do)______afterschool?5.Danny_____(study)English,Chinese,Maths,ScienceandArtanschool.6.Mikesometimes________(go)totheparkwithhissister.7.Ateightatnight,she__________(watch)TVwithhisparents.8.________Mike________(read)Englisheveryday?9.Howmanylessons_________yourclassmate________(have)onMonday?10.Whattime_________hismother_________(do)thehousework?三.改句子1.Doyouoftenplayfootballafterschool?(肯定回答)2.Ihavemanybooks.（改为否定句）3.GaoShan’ssisterlikesplayingtabletennis（改为否定句）4.ShelivesinasmalltownnearNewYork.（改为一般疑问句）5.IwatchTVeveryday.（改为一般疑问句）6.Davidhasgotagoal.（改为一般疑问句）7.Wehavefourlessons.（改为否定句）8.Nancydoesn’trunfast（改为肯定句）8 9.Mydogrunsfast.（改为否定句）10.Mikehastwolettersforhim.（改为一般疑问句：否定句）11.IusuallyplayfootballonFridayafternoon.（否定句:一般疑问句:划线提问）12.SuYangusuallywashessomeclothesonSaturday.（否定句:一般疑问句:划线提问）13.Mingmingusuallywaterstheflowerseveryday（否定句:般疑问句:划线提问）14.Tomdoeshishomeworkathome.（否定句:一般疑问句:划线提问）被动语态()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()3.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited()4.AtalkonChinesehistory_____inthschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()5.Thedoctor_____foryet.A.isn’tsentB.hasn"tbeensentC.won"tbesentD.wasn"tsent()6.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown二、主动语态变被动语态1.Hasanybodyfedthebirds?2.Peoplewillneverforgettheaccident.3.Theyarerepairingthecarinthegarage.8 4.Someonemusttakecareofthechildrenwhenwegoout.5.Wemustfinishtheworkbysixo"clockthisafternoon.6.Doyouoftencleanyourroom?7.Theyaremakingthistypeofradiosinshanghai.二、一般过去时（TheSimplePastTense）1、结构1）(Active)did2）(Passive)was/weredone2、主要用法①表示过去的动作或状态。②表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，也可用：usedto+v.或would+v.e.g.Heusedtohavetwobrothers.e.g.Whenhewasfree,hewouldgoandhelpothers.③在条件和时间状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。e.g.ItoldhimIwouldlendhimmybikeifMr.Smithreturnedittomethenextday.3、一般过去时常与这些时间状语连用：yesterday,beforeliberation,in1960,twoyearsago,lastmonth,inthepast,theotherday,etc.e.g.Ihappenedtomeethiminthestreettheotherday.4、主动变被动1）Thetigerinthezoofrightenedthelittlegirl.Thelittlegirlwasfrightenedbythetigerinthezoo.2）Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.Hewasgivenamedalforhiswonderfulwork.用括号内动词的正确形式填空                        (A)LastyearMr.Smith_____(go)toChinaandJapan.He_____(have)awonderfultime.He_____(do)alotofdifferentthingsand_____(talk)toagreatnumberofdifferentpeople.He_____(eat)ChineseandJapanesefoodand_____(visit)alotofinterestingplaces.Whenhe_____(go)backtoEngland,he_____(be)verytired.                       8 (B)Aweekago,KittyandBen_________(be)inthecountryside.Atfirst,thewind_________(blow)lightly.Theleaves___________(blow)slightlyinthewind.They________(fly)theirkitehappilyinthegentlebreeze.Suddenly,thewind________(become)stronger.Thecloudsinthesky_______(move)quickly.Leaves________(fall)fromtrees.ThestringonBen’skite_________(break).Theskybecamedark.KittyandBen________(go)homeimmediately.KittyandBen________(stay)athome.They__________(watch)TV.Thewindbecamemuchstronger.It_________(blow)fiercely.Itbecameatyphoon.Trees_____(fall)down.Shipsandboats__________(sink)inthebigwaves.Thetyphoon_______(pass)quickly.Thewindbecamegentler.Thebigclean-up________(begin)immediately.KittyandBenwentoutsideagain.8 1）AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）　　cost（花费）cost cost       shut    shut   shut　　cut（割） cut   cut    spit  spit/spat    spit/spat(英)　　hit（打） hit    hit            hurt伤害）hurt hurt　　let（让） let let                  put（放）put put　　read（读）read read    (2)AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）　　beat（跳动） beat beaten(3)ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）　　become（变成）becamebecome         awake  awoke awoken　　come（来）camecome                    run（跑） ran run(4)ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）　　dig（挖） dug dug                          build built   built　　get（得到） got got/gotten                   catch caught  caught　　hang（吊死） hanged hanged                 deal  dealt    dealt　　hang（悬挂） hung     hung                 feed   fed    fed　　hold（抓住） held held                      find   found  foundshine（照耀）shoneshone               sit（坐）  sat sat                         pay   paid    paid                       win（赢） won won                      send  sent    sent                              meet（遇见） met met                    　　shoot  shot    shot                       keep（保持）kept kept                  　　tell   told    told                        sleep（睡）  slept slept                    　　win   won    won                       sweep（扫） swept  swept              　　feel（感觉） felt felt                smell（闻） smelt/smelled  smelt/smelled　　leave（离开）left left                           build（建设）built built　　lend（借出） lent lent                         send（传送）    sent sent　　spend（花费）spentspent                   lose（丢失）lost lost　　burn（燃烧）burnt burnt                  learn（学习） learnt learnt8 　　mean（意思是）meant meant                   catch（抓住）caught caughtteach（教） taught taught                      bring（带来）brought  brought　　fight（战斗）fought fought                    buy（买） bought  bought　　think（想） thoughtthought                    hear（听见）heardheard　　sell（卖） sold sold                            tell（告诉） told told　　say（说） said said                           find（找到） foundfound　　have/has（有）had had                       make（制造）mademade　　stand（站） stoodstood            understand明白understoodunderstood(5)ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）　　begin（开始）beganbegun              take（取） took taken　　drink（喝） drankdrunk              mistake（弄错）mistook  mistaken　　ring（铃响） rang rung               ride（骑）  rode ridden　　sing（唱） sang sung                 do（做） did done　　swim（游泳）swamswum               write（写） wrotewritten　　blow（吹） blew blown               go（去）went gone　　draw（画） drew drawn              lie（平躺） lay lain　　fly（飞） flew flown                  see（看见） saw seen　　grow（生长）grew grown              wear（穿）wore worn　　know（知道）knewknown            be(am,is,are)（是）was,were been　　throw（投掷）threwthrown             show（出示）showedshown　　break（打破）brokebroken             choose（选择）chosechosen　　forget（忘记）forgotforgotten(forgot)   bear bore borne/born　　speak（说，讲）spokespoken          draw drew drawn　　wake（醒） wokewoken              dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed　　drive（驾驶）drovedriven            hide   hid  hidden　　eat（吃） ate eaten                   lay laid laid  放置8 　　fall（落下） fell fallen                lie lied  lied  撒谎　　give（给） gave   given                lie  lay  lain  躺　　rise（升高） rose risen                see   saw  seen                   　　shake shook  shaken               steal stole   stolen　　can----could           may---might  will---would   shall---should　　must----must8