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九年级英语新目标2010最新初中英语语法知识大全辅导2010最新初中英语语法知识大全原创(一)形容词和副词 I.要点 (1)形容词比较等级的用法 ①表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than.如: Heisclevererthantheotherboys. Thisoneismorebeautifulthanthatone. ②表示两者以上的比较,用"the+形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in)…"如: Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass. ③表示两者是同等程度,用"as+形容词原级+as".如: HeisastallasI. Ihaveasmanybooksasyou. ④越…越… 例如:ThemoreIlearn,thehappierIam. ⑤Youcanneverbetoocareful.越小心越好 又如:Youcanneverpraisetheteachertoohighly. 你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。 ⑥Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday. 那一天是最令我担心的一天。 Ihaveneverhadabetterdinner. 这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。
⑦MyEnglishisnobetterthanyours. 我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。 例2____theworseIseemtobe. AWhenItakemoremedicine BThemoremedicineItake CTakingmoreofthemedicine DMoremedicinetaken 解析:该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+…,the+形容词比较级+…"意为越…,越…。该句意为:吃的药越多,我的病越是加重。 例3"Ihaven"tbeentoLondonyet". "Ihaven"tbeenthere____". Atoo Balso Ceither Dneither 解析:该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不",而C-either则用于否定句中,意为"也"。 (二)介词 I.要点 (2)between,among(表位置) between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用between,如 I"msittingbetweenTomandAlice. Thevillageliesbetweenthreehills. among用于三者或三者以上之间。如: Heisthebestamongthestudents.
(3)beside,besides beside意为"在…旁边",而besides意为"除…之外"。如: Hesatbesideme. Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis? (4)inthetree,onthetree inthetree指动物或人在树上,而onthetree指果实、树叶长在树上 (5)ontheway,intheway,bytheway,inthisway ontheway指在路上intheway指挡道 bytheway指顺便问一句inthisway用这样的方法 (7)inthemorning,onthemorning inthemorning是一般说法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨 II.例题 例1Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English? AexceptBbutCbesideDbesides 解析:A、B两项except等于but,意为"除了…",C-beside意为"在…旁边",不符合题意。而D-besides, 意为"除了…之外,还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为:除了英语外,你还知道别的语言吗? 例2Hesuddenlyreturned____arainynight. AonBatCinDduring 解析:我们均知道,atnight这一短语,但如果night前有修饰词,表具体的夜晚,则要用介词on来修饰,故该题正确答案为A。 例3I"mlookingforward____yourletter.
AtoBinCatDon 解析:该题正确答案为A。lookforwardto为固定搭配,意为"期望、盼望"。 (三)连词 I.要点 1、连词的种类 (1)并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句,如both…and,either…or,neither…nor等。 (2)从属连词用来引导从句,如that,if,whether,when,after,assoonas等。 除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外,还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句),关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。 2、常用连词举例 (2)both…and和,既…也… BothmyparentsandIwentthere. (4)either…or或…或…,要么…要么… Eitheryou"rewrong,orIam. (7)neither…nor既不…也不 Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou. (8)notonly…but(also)不但…而且… Henotonlysingswell,butalsodanceswell. (12)assoonas一…就
I"lltellhimassoonasIseehim.(14)unless除非,如果不 Iwon"tgounlessitisfinetomorrow. (15)until直到… Hedidn"tleaveuntileleven.(瞬间动词用于not…until结构) Hestayedthereuntileleven. (16)while当…时候,而(表示对比) WhileIstayedthere,Imetafriendofmine.(while后不可用瞬间动词) Mypenisredwhilehisisblue. (18)since自从… Ihavelivedheresincemyuncleleft. (19)hardly…when一…就 Ihadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft. (20)asfaras就…来说 AsfarasIknow,thatcountryisverysmall. Youmaywalkasfarasthelake.(一直走到湖那里) II.例题 例1Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthan,David. AaswellBaswellasCsowellDsowellas 解析:该题意为:John踢足球如果不比David好的话,那也踢得和David一样好。和…一样好为aswellas.故该题正确答案为B。 例2ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.
AwhenBwhereCwhichDwhile 解析:该处意为"然而",只有while有此意思,故选D。 英语语法知识难点(二)(四)动词时态、语态I.要点 1、一般现在时 (1)表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与sometimes,always,often,everyday等时间状语连用。如: Sometimes,wegoswimmingafterschool. (2)表示客观真理、科学事实等。如: Theearthgoesroundthesun. 2、现在进行时 (1)表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与now,atpresent等时间状语连用。如: Whatareyoudoingnow? (2)和always,continually等连用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感。如: Heisalwaysdoinggooddeeds. 3、现在完成时 主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与just,already,sofar,once,never等词连用。如: HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing? 6、过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如:
Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday? 7、过去完成时 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如: Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived. 8、一般过去将来时 表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如: Hesaidhewouldcome,buthedidn"t. 9、被动语态 被动语态的时态,以give为例。II.例题 例1Ilearnedthatherfather____in1950. AhaddiedBdiedCdeadDisdead 解析:该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in1950,所以不用过去完成时态,而用一般过去时态。 例2Thefive-year-oldgirl____byherparents. AislookedBhaslookedfor CisbeinglookedforDhasbeenlooked 解析:该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中,介词不能省,否则就变成了不及物动词短语,而不能用于被动语态的句子中。(五)动词虚拟语气I.要点 表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。 1、虚拟语气的构成
注:如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had,should,could有时可将if省去,但要倒装。如: Hadyou(Ifyouhad)invitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty. 2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用 (1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等,其谓语形式是"should(可省)+动词原形",常用于以下三种句型中。 句型一:Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that… 句型二:Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc)that… 句型三:Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc)that… 如:Itisstrangethathe(should)havedonethat. Itisapitythathe(should)besocareless. Itisrequestedthatwe(should)besocareless. (2)在宾语从句中用于suggest,propose,move,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等动词后的宾语从句中,表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如:Isuggestthatwe(should)goswimming. (3)在表语从句中,表示间接的命令,要求、请求、建议、决定等,主句中的主语通常是suggestion,proposal,request,orders,idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如:Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.
(4)在同位语从句中,谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如:Wereceivedorderthattheworkbedoneatonce. (5)在Itistimethat…句型中,其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或 "should+动词原形",should不可省。如: It"stime(that)wewent(shouldgo)toschool.II.例题 例1Wehadhopedthathe____longer. AstaysBhavestayedCstayedDwouldstay 解析:该题正确答案为D。hadhoped表示"本希望",同样用法的动词还有think,expect等,后面的句子需用虚拟语气 例2"Marywantstoseeyoutoday". "Iwouldrathershe____tomorrowthantoday." AcomesBcameCshouldcomeDwillcome 解析:该题正确答案为B。wouldrather后面的从句需用虚拟语气,用动词过去时表示。 例3Hadshebeenolder,she____itbetter. AhaddoneBmighthavedone CmightdoDwoulddo 解析:Hadshebeenolder=Ifshehadbeenold.故该题正确答案为B。(六)短语动词(7)辨析 giveaway(让给,暴露)和giveup(放弃,停止)
putaway(放起,收起)和putout(扑灭) turnup(出席,放大)和turnon(打开) keepout(阻止)和keepoff(不让靠近) makeup(编造,补上)和makeout(辨认) takeoff(脱,起飞)和takeout(拿出)II.例题 例1Itiswisetohavesomemoney____foroldage. AputawayBkeptupCgivenawayDlaidup 解析:该题正确答案为A。意为"存";keepup意为"继续";giveaway意为"分发";layup"贮藏"。 例2Here"smycard.Let"skeepin____. AtouchBrelationCconnectionDfriendship 解析:该题正确答案为A.keepintouch为短语动词,意为"保持联系"。 例3____!There"satraincoming. ALookoutBLookaroundCLookforwardDLookon 解析:该题选A.lookout意为"小心"。(七)动词不定式I.要点 1、不定式的形式。以动词write为例。 2、不定式的句法功能 (1)作主语 Tohearfromyouisnice. Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy.
不定式作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主语,而不定式置于谓语动词后。如: It"snicetohearfromyou. It"snoteasytobeagoodteacher. (2)作宾语 通常用于want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,begin,start,remember,agree,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help等词后。如: Iforgottolockthedoor. Pleaseremembertowritetome. (3)作表语 Myjobistopickupletters. Heseemedtohaveheardnothing. (4)作定语 不定式作定语时,须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如: Ihavetwoletterstowrite. Ihavealotofworktodo. (5)作宾补 通常用于want,wish,ask,order,tell,know,help,advise,allow,cause,force等词后。如: Heorderedhertoleaveatonce. Hewasforcedtoobeyhisorder. (6)作状语 Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus. Heworkedhardtocatchupwiththeotherstudents.
(7)作独立成分 Totellyouthetruth,Itoldalie. (8)"疑问词+不定式"结构。如: Idon"tknowhowtochoosethem. Icannotdecidewheretogo. (9)不定式的否定式。如: Idecidednottogo. (10)不定式的完成式。如: HeseemedtohavecleanedtheroombeforeIcamein. Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttothehospitallastweek. (11)too…to结构。如: Hewastooexcitedtogotosleep. Hewasonlytoogladtogo.(他太高兴了,乐意去) (12)主动表被动。如: Thebookiseasytoread. Ihaveabooktoread.II.例题 例1Ihaven"tgotachair____. AtositBfortositonCtositonDforsitting 解析:该题选C。不定式tositon在句中作定语,修饰名词chair.因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是"动宾关系",所以不定式必须是及物动词,故此处on不能省略。 例2Hewasmade____. AgoBgoneCgoingDtogo
解析:该题选D。makesb.dosth.如果是被动形式,不定式do前的to不能省略。 例3Anewfactoryis____verysoon. AtobebuiltBbuilt CtobuildDtobuilding 解析:该题选A。istobebuilt意为"将要被建"。(八)动名词I.要点 动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。 1、动名词的形式,以write为例。 否定式not+动名词 2、动名词的用法 (1)作主语 Playingfootballismyfavoritesport. Travellingwithfriendsatweekendisfun. 作主语的动名词结构复杂且长时,可用it作形式主语。如: Itisfuntravellingwithfriendsatweekend. (2)作宾语 IenjoyplayingPCgame. Hegaveupwritingfiveyearsago. (3)作表语 Whathehatedmostwasdoingnothing. Seeingisbelieving. 动名词作表语时,句子的主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。
(4)作定语 There"sadiningroominmyschool. Allthepeoplewatchinglaughed. (5)动名词的复合结构"物主代词(或名词的所有格)+动名词"。如: Tom"sgoinghomelatemadehermotherangry. Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow? 不过,动名词的逻辑主语在遇到以下情况时,必须用名词的普通格(或人称代词的宾格)。 ①无生命名词 Thegirlswereafraidofthedoorsuddenlyclosing. Fireburnsbetterbyoxygenbeingatwork. ②有生命名词,但表泛指。 Haveyoueverheardofgirlssmoking? ③两个以上的有生命的名词并列。 Doyoustillremembermyparentsandmecomingtoseeyouthatday? 3.后面常接动名词的动词和短语 mind,enjoy,finish,consider,practise,magine, keep,suggest,advise,allow,permit, beworthdoing,beusedtodoing,bebusydoing, can"thelpdoing,itisnogooddoing,itisnousedoing, lookforwardtodoing,sticktodoing,payattentiontodoing, devotetodoing,leadtodoingII.例题 例1Shesaysshedoesn"tfeellike____outwithyou.
AgoingBtogoCforgoingDwent 解析:该题正确答案为A。feellike=want,此处like为介词,后面要接名词或动名词作宾语 例2Thegardenneeds____. AwaterBwateringCtowaterDwatered 解析:该题正确答案为B。need=want=require.如果物作主语,此三者后要接动名词或tobedone这一结构作宾语。 例3Excuseme____you. AinterruptingBtointerrupt CinterruptedDtohaveinterrupted 解析:该题正确答案为A。excuse后接动名词作宾语,此句中的me为动名词的逻辑主语(常用于口语中)。(九)分词I.要点 分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容和副词的句法功能。它分为现在分词和过去分词两类。现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式,过去分词则只有一般式。现在分词表动作正在进行,表主动。过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成,表被动。过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成,表主动。过去分词的句法功能: 1、作定语 IliketoreadthenovelwrittenbyLuXun. Thewomansittingbesidethebrokenwindowwasafriendofmine. 2、作表语 WhenIcameintotheroom,Ifoundthewindowwasbroken. I"minterestedinthisbook.
3、作宾语补足语 I"mgoingtohavemybikerepaired. WhenIwalkedhome,Isawthethiefcaughtbythepolice. 4、作状语 Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thecitylookssmall. Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbyhisstudents. 现在分词的句法功能。 1、作状语 Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,Ifoundthecitywasbeautiful. Walkingalongthestreet,theysuddenlysawhim. 2、作宾语 Ihatebeingspokenillof. HeconsideredvisitingJapanduringthewintervocation. 3、作表语 Seeingisbelieving. Thebookisinteresting. 4、作宾语补足语 Inoticedhimcrossingthestreet. Mothercaughthimsmokinginthekitchen. 5、作定语 Doyouknowthemanwritingaletter? Theworkerrunningamachineismybrother.
分词使用中的几个问题 1、现在分词的完成式 Havingcleanedtheroom,Iwentout. 2、现在分词的否定式 Nothavingreceivedanyletter,hefeltalittleworried. 3、现在分词与过去分词的不同 现在分词表示主动、正在,过去分词表示被动、完成 Ifoundthemankilledthere. Ifoundthemanstandingthere. 4、have结构 Wehavethecarrepaired. Wehaverepairedthecar. WehaveTomrepairthecar. WehaveTomrepairingthecarthewholemorning. 5、分词作表语 Wewereexcitedatthenews. Thefootballgameisexciting. 6、独立主格结构 Itbeingafineday,wewentouttovisitthepark.II.例题 例1、Time_______,I"llgoonapicnicwithyou. A.permitB.topermitC.permittedD.permitting 解析:该题答案为D。Timepermitting…是独立主格结构,意为"如果时间允许的话…"
例2、_______ifhehadanybadhabit,sherepliedthathewasaheavysmoker. A.AskB.ToaskC.AskedD.Asking 解析:该题答案为C。主语she是被问。英语语法知识难点(三)????????????????????????????????????????????(十)情态动词与助动词I.要点 助动词本身无意义,在句中帮助主要动词构成一定的时态,语态、语气,或是帮助构成否定句和疑问句,常用的助动词有be,do,have,shall(should),will(would). 情态动词表一定的词义,本身并不表示动作或状态,而仅仅表达说话人的态度,它在句中须和主要动词一起构成谓语,主要的情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,need,,shall,should,will,would. 1、can能,可以,表说话人同意,许可还可表客观条件许可,如:Youcangonow. 提建议或请求时可用canI,canyou表客气,如CanIbuyyouadrink? can和beableto表能力时的区别。 can表一般具有的能力,beableto表在特定条件下的能力,如:Althoughthedriverwasbadlyhurt,hewasabletoexplainwhathadhappened. 2、may (1)、可以,表说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。Youmaygo. (2)、(现在和将来)可能,也许,只用于肯定句和否定句中,如Hemaynotberight.
3、must,haveto must表主观上的必须,haveto表客观上的必须,如:It"sgettinglate.Ihavetogo.-MustIgonow.-Yes,youmust. (No,youneedn"t./No,youdon"thaveto.) 5、shall用于第一人称疑问句中表说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求,如,Shallwebeginourlesson? 用于二、三人称陈述句,表说话人命令、警告、允诺、威胁等口吻,如:Youshallfailifyoudon"tworkharder. 6、should表应该,意为有责任,有义务。如:Weshouldtryourbesttomakeourcountrymorebeautiful. 7、will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算,如"Willyoulendmeyourbook?""Yes,Iwill.", 8、shouldhavedone表应该做而未做 musthavedone表对过去事实的肯定推测 couldhavedone表本可以做某事 9、判断句:肯定句用must,否定句用can"t,不太肯定用may,might Hemustbeintheofficenow. Hemusthavegonetobed,forthelightisout. Hecan"tbeintheoffice.Heisathome. Hecouldn"thavecleanedtheclassroom,becausehedidn"tcomeheretoday. Hemightbeintheoffice,Iamnotsure. Hemighthavecleanedtheroom,Isuppose.
II.例题 例1,They_______towalkinthestreetatmight. A.didn"tdare B.notdared C.notdare D.darednot 解析,该题答案为A,此空需选一动词作谓语,因为后面是towalk,didn"tdare是行为动词dare过去时态的否定形式。 例2,Whenhewasveryold,Mr.Smith_______??sitforhourswithoutsayingaword. A.would B.should C.must D.used 解析,该题答案为A,would此处表过去的倾向性,习惯性动作,意为"总是"如:Whenwewerechildren,wewouldgoswimmingeverysummer.(十一)句子种类I.要点 句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句;按结构又分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1、陈述句的否定 (1)在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的谓语动词是think,expect,believe,suppose,guess,fancy,imagine等,且主句主语是第一人称时,宾语从句谓语的否定习惯上要移到主句谓语上,如:Idon"tthinkheisright. (2)含有否定意义的副词never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,rarely,barely的句子应视为否定句,如:Ihaveneverbeentherebefore. 2、反意疑问句 (1)need和dare
既可作情态动词,又可作实意动词,在反问部分须加以区别,如Weneedn"tleave,needwe?Wedon"tneedtoleave,dowe? (2)陈述部分出现否定意义的副词或代词如never,seldom,few,hardly,little等时,反问部分须用肯定形式如:Heseldomcomes,doeshe? (3)陈述部分用不定代词作主语时,反问部分的主语用it,如:Nothingcanstopme,canit? 陈述部分用everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,等作主语时,反问部分常用it,有时也用they,如:Everybodyknowsthat,don"tthey? (4)陈述部分包括usedto时,反问部分可有两种形式,如:Youusedtogetupearly,usedn"t(didn"t)you? (5)陈述部分是"there+be"结构时,反问部分用there,如:There"ssomethingwrongwithyou,isn"tthere? (6)陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时,反问部分的主语和谓语应和主句保持一致,如:Henevertoldotherswhathethought,didhe? 但,如果是Ithink,Ibelieve等+宾语从句时,反问部分须和从句的动词保持一致,如,Idon"tthinkheisright,ishe?Idon"tbelievehedoesthat,doeshe? 3、感叹句 用what或how, Whatabeautifulparkitis. Howbeautifulaparkitis. Howbeautifultheparkis.
Howweworked! 4、祈使句 Takecare! Don"tstandthere. Pleaseopenthedoorfortheoldlady.II.例题 例1,Don"tforgettoposttheletter,_______? A.willyou B.doyou C.won"tyou D.shallyou 解析:该题答案为A,在否定句、祈使句后只用"willyou"?,但肯定的祈使句后可用如,Waitforme,will(won"t,can,can"t,could)you? 例2,Let"sgooutforawalk,_______? A.willyou B.won"tyou C.shallwe D.dowe 解析:该题答案为C,let"s…后加上shallwe来表语气婉转、客气,而在letus后加上willyou。 例3,Hehardlywritestoyou,_______? A.doesn"the B.doeshe C.dothey D.hashe 解析:该题答案为B,hardly否定副词,反问部分要用肯定形式。(十二)各种从句I.要点 根据从句在句中的句法功能,从句可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。 1、名词性从句 (1)主语从句
Whathewantsisapieceofpaper. Itisbelievedthathecansolvetheproblem. 注:主语从句的谓语动词用单数。 (2)宾语从句 Idon"tknowhowtosolvetheproblem. Doyouknowwherehelives? (3)表语从句 Theproblemiswhocanhelpme. ThisiswhyIcamehere. (4)同位语从句 Ihavenoideawherehewent. Iheardthenewsthathewouldcome. 同位语从句用that引导,常跟在fact,idea,news,promise,thought,message,hope,belief,doubt等词后,that在从句中不作任何成分。 2、定语从句 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词,或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句,引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that,as,和关系副词when,where,why。 (1)that指物时一般可与which互换,但在下列情况下,要用that而不用which。 a.先行词有all,everything等不定代词时,如, Everything(that)hedidiswrong. b.先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,
much等修饰时,如, I"llreadallthebooks(that)youlendme. c.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时, Thisisthefirstletter(that)theboyhaswritten. d.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时,如 Heistheveryman(that)I"mlookingfor. e.只用which的情况 在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中 Thisisthebookaboutwhichwehavetalkedalot. Thebook,whichhegavemeyesterday,isveryinteresting. f.where和when作关系副词 ThisistheroomwhereIworked. ThisistheroomwhichIstayedin. Irememberedthedaywhenwelivedthere. IrememberedthedaythatIspentthere. g.as和which as可以放于句首,而which不可以 Asyouknow,heisgoodatEnglish. threeofthem和threeofwhich Ihavealotofbooks,threeofwhichareinRussian. IhavealotofbooksandthreeofthemareinRussian. 3、状语从句 在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、条件状语、行为方式状语、比较状语、让步状语等多种。
II.例题 例1、_______??Iacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness. A.If B.Whether C.Evenif D.Nomatterwhen 解析:该题答案为B。whether可以和or连用,if不可以,此外if一般仅用于宾语从句。 例2、Theway_______??thesecomradeslookatproblemsiswrong. A.where B.inthat C.X D.withwhich 解析:该题答案为C,先行词是way,定语从句中用that或inwhich来引导或不填。 例3,____alongtimesinceIsawyoulasttime. A.Itwas B.Itis C.Ithadbeen D.Itcanbe 解析:该题答案为B,Itis+时间数+since引导的从句是一个句型,意为"从…时候以来过了多久了。"(十三)主谓一致I.要点 谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义上一致和就近一致。 1、语法上一致 (1)、以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词要用单数,主语为复数时,谓语用复数,如, Toworkhardisnecessaryforastudent.
(2)、用and或both……and连接的并列主语,谓语动词用复数,如, BothheandIareright. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数,如,Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl. (3)、主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有aswellas,but,except,besides,with,alongwith,togetherwith,like等,谓语动词仍用单数,如, Theteacheraswellashisstudentsisexcited. (4)、某些不定代词,如做主语,谓语动词要用单数,如:Everyonehasabook. (5)、一些只有复数形式的名词,如people,cattle,clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数,如,Alotofpeoplearedancingoutside. 2、意义上一致 (1)、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数,如, Twentyyearsisnotalongtime. (2)、表示总称意义的名词public,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时,谓语动词用复数,如, Peoplearetalkingabouttheaccident. (3)、有些集合名词,如family,team等作主语,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数,如指其中每个成员,则用复数,如, Myfamilyisabigone. MyfamilyarewatchingTV.
3、邻近一致 用连词or,either……or,neither……nor,whether……or,notonly…butalso,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致,如, EitheryouorIammad.II.例题 例1、Thechemicalworks_______??wheremyfatherhasworkedforthirtyyearsin1949. A.wasbuiltB.werebuiltC.isbuiltD.arebuilt 解析:该题答案为A。works形式上是复数,意思上是单数,因此谓语动词用单数,类似的还有news,maths,politics,physics. 例2、Theyeach_______??acopyofthenewphysics. A.haveB.hasC.havingD.gets 解析:该题答案为A。Theyeach不等于eachof…,eachof这个词组作主语谓语用单数如eachofthestudentshandsintheirhomework,而theyeach作主语,谓语要随each前面的词来变化。英语语法知识难点(四)(十四)倒装I.要点 按"主语+谓语"这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序,如果变为"谓语(或谓语的一部分)+主语",就是倒装语序。 1、全部倒装 (1)therebe句型 Thereisgoingtobeameeting. Thereisabookonthetable.
(2)here,there,now,then,in,out等副词置于句首时,主谓倒装,但如果主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语语序不倒装,如, Herecomesthebus. Herehecomes. (3)直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时,有时也用倒装,如, "Whathesaidmeantnothing",saidtheteacher. (4)为保持句子平衡,强调表语或状语,使上下文紧密衔接时须完全倒装,如,Infrontofthehousesatasmallboy.2、部分倒装 (1)so,neither,nor置于句首说明与前者情况一致时,如, Ilikeswimming,sodoesmybrother. (2)only+状语放在句首,如, Onlythroughthismethodcanwewin. Onlyinthiswaycanwedotheworkwell. (3)含有否定意义的词置于句首,如,Hardly,scarcely,not,seldom,nosooner,never,little,atnotime,innoway,nomore等,如, NeverhadIheardthat. LittledidIknowaboutthis. (4)以often,so+形容词或副词开头的句子,如, Soheavyistheboxthathecannotcarryit. (5)用于省略if的虚拟条件句中,将had,were,should提前,如, WereIyou,Iwouldn"tdothat. Hadhecome,wewouldhavewon.
(6)用于某些表示祝愿的句中,如, Mayyoubehappyforever.II.例题 例1、Notonly____thismachinebut____it. A.canherun……canherepair??????B.canherun……hecanrepair C.hecanrun……hecanrepair????D.hecanrun……canherepair 解析:该题答案为B,在notonly……but(also)句型中,只有but前面的部分倒装,but后面仍是正常语序。 例2、____,itisquiteeasytodrillaholeinitwithlaser(激光). A.Hardalthoughthediamond????B.Hardasthediamondis C.Asthediamondishard??????????????????D.Hashardisthediamond 解析:该题答案为B,在让步状语从句中,从属连词as可以表示though,但要用倒装语序。 例3、Onlyinthisway____toimprovethesituationthere. A.canyouhope B.youcanhope C.hopecan D.youhope 解析:该题答案为A,only和它所修饰的状语一起置于句首时,须用倒装。 (4)用在强调结构中,构成强调句式:Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom
+句子其余部分,可强调除谓语以外的句子其他成分,如, ItwasthismorningthatIsawhiminthestreet. ItwasIwhosawhiminthestreetthismorning. ItwasinthestreetthatIsawhimthismorning. ItwashimwhomIsawinthestreetthismorning.2、therebe句型 当主语有两个或两个以上时,动词be常和最近的那个主语取得一致,如, Thereisapenandthreepencilsinthepencil-box. Thereisn"tadesk,abenchandthreechairsintheroom. Therearelotsofpeoplelikeit,aren"tthere? therebe句型,谓语动词除be之外,还可用其他表示存在,位置移动等意义的不及物动词或词组,如exist,stand,lie,enter,come,happentobe,appeartobe等,如, Therestandsahouseatthefootofthehill.I.例题 例1____thathewenttosleep. AItwasuntilmidnight????????????????????BThatwasuntilmidnight CItwasnotuntilmidnight????DThatwasnotuntilmidnight 解析:该题答案为C。强调until结构时,要将否定词not移到until前。又如:Hedidn"tleaveuntiltwelve改为Itwasnotuntiltwelvethatheleft. 例2Therearealotofstudents____intheclassroom.
Atalk????Btalking????Ctalked????Dtotalk 解析:该题正确答案为B。Therebe句型为倒装句,可换为Alotofstudentsaretalkingintheclassroom.又如:Thereisalotofnoiseheardoutinthestreet.