高考英语语法填空考点分析与应对 4页

高考英语语法填空（RationalCloze）考点分析与解题技巧语法填空以要求根据上下文填入一个以动词(verb)（或其适当形式）、名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、冠词(article)、数词、介词(prep.)、情态动词(modalverbs)、连词(conj)或引导词、形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.)考查各项语法内容。Discusswithyourgroupmembersaboutthefollowingsentences,andtrytofigureoutsomesimilaritiesofthewordsweshouldfillin.考点一：冠词特点1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey….Sothefarmerkilled[40]__________goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.(07惠州一模)2.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas[35]________shy,nervousperfectionist.(08深圳二模)3.…theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittosmalltownsome20kilometersaway(07年广东)[解题技巧]下列情况很可能填不定冠词：(1)________+可数名词(单数)；(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。下列情况下很可能填定冠词：(1)________(+定语)+名词+of等介词短语(表示特指)；(2)________(+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；(3)________(+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。考点二：介词特点：12.3.1.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis[39]________greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish…(07深二模)2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback[34]_________thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.(08深圳一模)3.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes_________sale.(09广东)4.Hewasverytired_______________doingthisforawholeday…(08广东)考点三：代词特点：1.2.3.1.Sherememberedhowdifficult_________wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.(08广东)4 2.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinmyvillage,IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused_____.(07广东)3.Ithasbeensaidbefore,butexperiencingitmyselfhasmade_____wanttosayitagain:asmile…(09江门二模)考点四：连词或从句引导词特点：1.2.1.Itwasnotlong[39]_________thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetableandsuddenlywassurprisedatwhatshesaw.(07深圳一模)2.Butnothingchangeduntilmidterm,[39]_________MaryAnne,astudentteacher,wasappointedtoourclassroom.(08深圳二模)3.Janepausedinfrontofacounter______someattractivetieswereondisplay.(09广东)4.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea_____hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.(08广东)[解题技巧](1)(2)考点五：谓语动词特点：121.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_______(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.(07广州一模)2.Hisfearoffailure________(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.(08深圳二模)3.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften________(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.(08广东)考点六：非谓语动词特点：1.2.1.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson[32]________(receive)thegift.(07广州一模)2.…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft____________(complete)therest!(07广二模)3.Mypupils,Donnie[40]__________(include),adoredher.(08深圳二模)4.Shewishedthathewasaseasy_________(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.(09广东)考点七：词性转换特点：121.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid[36]__________(rude).(07深圳一模)2.AsfarasIamconcerned,my[37]____________(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishwithineasyreach.(08惠二模)3.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_______(nature)course.(08广东)4.__________(doubt),althoughthereisstillroomforimprovementtothispolicy,Ithinkitisstillagoodonewhichbringsmoregoodthanharmtothestudentsandthenation.(09汕头水平考试)4 考点八：形容词的级特点：121.Oneofthe[33]__________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher…(07广州一模)2.…Wewerebothlaughingthewholetimeatourcompleteinabilitytocommunicateinwords.Whenitwastimetoleave,Isaid“thankyou”inKorean,usingsomeofthefewwordsIhadlearned.Ifelt__________(lonely)thanIhadexpectedthatnight.(2009届江门二模)3.LucilleCliftonisanaward-winningpoetandwriter.Criticscallheroneofthe_________(great)writersofourtime.(双语报第3期)归纳：一．根据句子结构，确定词性一般有提示词:动词、名词、形容词、副词无提示词：冠词、介词、连词、代词二．根据上下文意义及语法，确定词形冠词：定冠词,不定冠词代词：人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，指示代词，反身代词连词：并列句及复合句介词：介词的常用用法及词组搭配谓语动词：谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致非谓语：非谓语动词todo,doing,done及变形词性变化：词汇,构词法解题四步走提示：四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据．每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据1.通读全文,理解大意2.分析句子,确定词性3.根据语义,确定词形4.检查搭配,前后连贯Practice:2009年广州调研1LongagotheEmperordecidedtoholdaswimmingracebetween13differentanimals.Theorderinwhichtheyfinishedwoulddecidetheorderoftheir31(appear)intheChinesecalendar.Alltheanimalslinedupontheriverbankand32(give)thetaskofgettingtotheoppositeshore.Thecatwonderedhowhewouldgetacross33hewasafraidofwater.Theoxworriedhowhewouldcross34hispooreyesight.Thecalculatingratsuggestedthatheandthecat35(jump)ontotheox"sbackandguidehimacross.Theox,steadyandhard-working,didnotnoticethetwoanimalsonhisback.Inthemeanwhile,theratranbehindtheunsuspectingcatandpushed36intothewater.Astheoxcameashore,theratjumpedoffandfinishedtheracefirst.37theratgotthefirstyear38(name)afterhimandtheoxgotthesecondyear.39the4 lazypigreachedthefinishlineinthe12thplacetheracewasoverandhewasawardedthefinalplaceonthecalendar.Fromthatdaythecat,40neverfinishedandlosthisplaceonthecalendar,becametheenemyoftherat.2Carsaretooexpensiveformanypeoplearoundtheworldtoown.Notonlythat,manycitiesarealreadyfulloftraffic,andmanycountryareashaveroughroads.So1dopeopletravelthosedistancesthataretoofartowalk?Theyusepublictransportation.Ifyouridethesubwayorbus2youlive,youcanappreciatesomeofthebenefitsofpublictransportation.Withmanypeople3(share)onebusortrain,thereislesstrafficand,more4（importance）,lesspollution.Whichofthetypesofmasstransit5(describe)belowareyoufamiliarwith?Ifaregularbuscanholddozensofpeople,imaginewhatabus6(two)thesizecanhold!InGreatBritain,therearemanybusesthatareknownasdouble-deckers(carswithtwofloors).BusesinHaitiareoftenverycrowded.It’snot7(common)forpassengerstoactuallysitontherooftops.Busesaresometimescalled“tap-taps”,becausethe8(ride)ontherooftap（敲击）whentheywanttobedroppedoff.Manylargecitiesaroundtheworldtakeadvantageofthespacebeneaththestreetsandrunundergroundtrains.PeopleinParis,MexicoCityandTokyomayusethesubwaysystemtogettoschool,towork,ortovisitfriendsinother9(neighbor).BoththeJapaneseandFrenchhavedevelopedHigh-speedtrainstolinkvariouscities.WhileelectrictrainsinNorthAmericaaverage130kph,theFrenchTGV(high-speed-train)istheworld’sfastest,10(average)over270kph!几点建议：1.对于文章，要熟悉语境。2.对于句子，要能够分析其结构，懂得在什么时候该用什么词性。3.对于动词，要掌握常用的时态、语态、非谓语动词的用法以及词形变化。4.对于名词、形容词、副词等，不仅要背诵其意义和拼写，还好掌握基本的词形变换。5.对于连词、介词、关系代词、关系副词等不仅要理解它们的意思，还要熟记它们，在考试时能准确、快速地提取它们。•不断记忆，积累词汇•夯实基础，学好语法•大声朗读，培养语感•坚持不懈，多做练习4