2014高考英语语法专题复习45英语句子概论精品课件（可编辑） 13页

2014高考英语语法专题复习45英语句子概论精品课件45《英语句子概论》Noun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/InfinitiveVi宾语noun主谓宾语直宾语间adj./adv.Vt语语宾语宾补infinitiveV-ing表语V-lV-ed etc.nounNoun/PronounpronounThe+adjadj./adv.be/feel/seem/lookV-ing/Clauseinfinitiveappear/stand/lieInfinitiveV-ing/V-edbecome/get/grow/turnclausego/come/remain/keepetctaste/smelletc.简单句基本句型实例主语+不及物动词Shecame./Myheadaches.主语+及物动词+宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语+系动词+主语补语表语)Sheishappy. 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.Sheboughtabookforme.主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereisabookonthedesk.简单句的基本词序主语动词部分宾语状语(谓语)方式地点时间Iboughtahatyesterday.Thechildrenranhome.Weateourmealinsilence.Thecarstoppedsuddenly.名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词Hisjobisimportant.主语WhathedoesisimportantThisishisjob.表语ThisiswhathedoeseverydayIdon’tlikehisjob.宾语Idon’tlikewhathedoeseverydayIdon’tknowabouttheman,Mr. White.同位语Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.什么叫名词性从句?在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句NounClauses)NounClauses)名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句句、表语从句和同位语从句种类主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句Whatkindofnounclausestheyare? 1.Whatlifewillbelikeinthefutureisdifficulttopredictsubjectiveclause2.Theyarecarefulaboutwhattheyeatandexerciseregularlyobjectiveclause3.TheschoolsofthefutureswillprobablybedifferentfromwhattheyaretodayobjectiveclauseWhatkindofnounclausestheyare?4.Wecannotbesurewhetherourdreamswillcometrue,butwecanatleastbehopefulthatobjectiveclause5.Ifwelearntoacceptchangeandappreciatewhatisnewanddifferent,wewillbewell-preparedforwhateverthefuturemayhaveinobjectiveclausesstore6.Thediscussiontopicfortodayiswhatschoolwillbelikeinthefuturepredicativeclause考点1.考查名词性从句的语序考点2.考查引导词that与what的区别考点3.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 考点4.考查whether与if的区别考点5.考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与nomatter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别考点6.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气考点7.考查同位语从句及其隔离现象;同位语从句与定语从句的区别考点8.考查名词性从句的时态考点9.与其他知识点交叉考查考点10.名词性从句的固定结构语序问题1.Thephotographswillshowyou____.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike2.Youcanhardlyimagine____whenheheardthenewsA.howhewasexcitedB.howwasheexcitedC.howexcitedhewasD.hewashowexcited3.Heasked____foraviolinA.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid4.Icouldn’tunderstand___withmeA.thematterwaswhatB.whatthematterwasC.whatwasthematterD.thatwasthematter结论:名词性从句应选用陈述句语序。关联词引导名词性从句的连接词有:1.连接代词:who,whose,whom,what,which+n.,whatever等2.连接副词:when,where,why,how,whenever,howmuch等3.连词:that,whether,if,asif,because等Analysis 1.Whowillgothereisnotimportant.主语从句连接代词在从句中作主语2.Whatweneedismore主语从句time.连接代词在从句中作宾语总结:连接代词在从句中作主语,宾语,表语。3.Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.主语从句连接副词在从句中作状语4.Howshebecameagreatscientistisknown主语从句toall.连接副词在从句中作状语总结:连接副词在从句中作时间,地点,方式,原因等状语。5.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.主语从句连词在句中仅仅起连接的作用, 在从句中不充当成分。6.Thathewaschosenmonitormadeusveryhappy.主语从句连词that在句中仅仅起连接的作用,在从句中不但不充当成分,而且没有实际的语意。Compare&distinguish1.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomany.同位语从句连词that在从句中不充当成分。2.Thestatethatconsistsofthreecountriesisdevelopingveryfast.定语从句关系代词that在从句中充当主要成分,有时可以换为which。SubjectClauses主语从句主语从句:从句在句中充当主语成分1.Thathewillsucceediscertain2Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown3Whathesaidisnottrue4Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout5Whoevercomesiswelcome. 6It’scertainthathewillsucceed7Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting8Whenthey’llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet名词性从句的连接词主语从句(一般位于句首)1.连词that无词义,不作成分,不能省略;whether是否,不用ifThathewillcomeandhelpusiscertainWhetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion注意:已确定的事由that引导;没决定的事由whether引导2.连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,whichever等.Whatheishasnothingtodowithyou.Whoseticketthisishasnotbeenfoundout.3.连接副词whenever,whereever,why,however,howlong,howoften,howsoon,howfar,howmany/much等.Whenthetestwillbegivenisnotyetdecided.Howmuchwecanspendmustbeagreedon.1.____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusinessA.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2.____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresentA.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter3.____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____wehaveA.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what考点一:主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语, 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.--在口语中,用it做形式主语时,主语从句的that可以省略。另外,wh-疑问词引导的主语从句,可以放在句首第一组,也可以借助形式主语it第二组。第一组:Whenhe"llbebackdependsmuchontheweather.Howitwasdonewasamystery.Whetherwe"llsucceedremainstobeseen.第二组:Itisuncertainwhetherthegamewillbeheld.It"sapuzzlehowlifebegan.Itdoesn"tmattermuchwherewelive.Isitknownwherehewent?It做形式主语的主要结构:1.It’possible/important/necessary/clear… that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…2.It’ssaid/reported…that..据说/据报道…3.It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat..已经通知/宣布…4.Itseems/appears/happensthat…显然、明显、碰巧5.It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…6.It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge众所周知)/acommonsaying….(俗话说)that考点二:主语从句的主谓一致!1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式Thattheywillcomeiscertain.2.由who,whoever引导的主语从句的单复数要视主句中的单复数而定WhoeversaythataretobepunishedWhoheisdoesn’tconcernme.3.What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定WhathewantsarethesebooksWhathewantsissomewater.考点二:主语从句的主谓一致!4.两个以上的从句做主语时,谓语动词要用复数,但是如果这两个从句同指一人一事,谓语动词用单数。WhathesaidandwhereyouwilldoarenoneofmybusinessWhereandwhenthebuildingwillbebuilthasn’tbeendecided.注意:“if”不能引导主语从句,应有“whether”引导。主语从句的“that”一般不能省。 “what”引导主语从句时,谓语动词:1)常与其后的名词作表语一致2)根据句子的语境而定。1.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.2.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.3.Whathesaysanddoesdoesn’tconcernme.4.Whathesaysanddoesdon’tagree.1.___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrueA.ThatB.WhyC.WhatDHow2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweatherAIfBWhetherCThatDWhere3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry____theFirstWorld.a.Which;belongtob.As,belongedtoc.What;belongingtod.It;belongingto4.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergyA.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggrayA.whetherBthatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusinessA.isBareC.hasDhave7.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesn’tmatter?A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where8.Itisnoneofyourbusiness______otherpeoplethinkaboutyou. BelieveyourselfA.howB.whatC.whichD.when9._____isnotadreamthatwecantravelabroadeasilyA.WhatB.AsC.ThatD.It11.______stoletheMP3playerisstillacompletemysteryA.Who?B.That??C.HowD.Whom12.Itwasn’tuntilnearlyamonthlater___Ireceivedthemanager’sreplyA.sinceB.whenC.asD.that13.____teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionshipsA.NomatterwhatB.NomatterwhichCWhateverD.Whichever