高中英语语法复习学案教师片——形容词和副词new 6页

高中英语语法复习学案教师片——形容词和副词形容词:修饰名词和代词，在句中可以做定语、表语、补语。副词：修饰形容词、动词、其他副词、介词短语和全句。基本用法(一)形容词作定语后置的情况：1.1)Thereisnobodyabsenttoday.2)Isthereanythingwrongwithyourcar?【总结】修饰由some-;any-;every-;no-和–body;-thing;-one构成的复合不定代词2.1)Pleaseputyourideaintothesimplestlanguagepossible.2)Thatistheonlysolutionpossible.3)Thatisthebestbookavailable.【总结】以–able或–ible结尾的形容词置于形容词最高级或only等词修饰的名词之后3.1)Therewasahugeroom,simpleandbeautiful.2)Shehasmanypencils,blueandred.3)Allnations,bigorsmall,areequal.【总结】成对的形容词可以后置4.1)Peopleawareoftheirownshortcomingsarewise.2)Theteacheraskedmeaquestiontoodifficulttoanswer.【总结】由“形容词+介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时后置5.1)Therewasanancienttree30metershigh.2)Theyhaveachildthreeyearsold.3)Thesoldierscrossedariver4mileswide.【总结】当old;high;wide;long;deep等附有数量词的短语做定语时，表示量度的词后置【题组训练】1.---Isthereanythingnewintoday’snewspaper?---No,(Thereis)nothingnew.(没有新内容)2.Ihavesomethingimportant(一些重要事情)totellyou.3.Hedideverythingpossible(可以做的一切事情)tomakeherhappy.4.Wehavenoroomsavailable(可用的房间)foryou.5.Peopleinthevillage,oldandyoung(老的和少的),menandwomenarefondofsinginganddancing.【补充】1.形容词作前置定语和后置定语的不同含义1)theresponsibleman可信赖的人2)thepresentmembers现在的成员themanresponsible应该负责的人thememberspresent在场的成员3)theabsentstudents心不在焉的学生4)theconcernedteachers忧心忡忡的老师thestudentsabsent缺席的学生theteachersconcerned与……相关的老师5)theproperway适当的/正确的方法6)aninvolvedproblem一个难懂的问题thewayproper正经的/正式的方法aprobleminvolved一个相关的问题2.固定搭配1)He’sdead/blinddrunk(=verydrunk).酩酊大醉2)He’swideawake.完全没有睡意3)It’sraining/snowingheavily.雨/雪下得大4)He’ssound/fastasleep.睡得香5)Thetrafficisheavy.拥挤Hismoustacheisheavy.浓密6)He’smoving/breathing/smokingheavily.吃力地/喘着粗气地/多(二)多个形容词作定语的排列顺序限定描绘大长高；形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料；作用类别往后靠。6 【题组训练】1.Thelittlewhitewoodenhousesmellsasifithasn’tbeenlivedforyears.(white;wooden;little)2.Wespentthelastfewsunnydaysattheseaside.(few;sunny;last)3.ThisprettylittleSpanishgirlisLaura’scousin.(Spanish;little;pretty)4.ThefirstbeautifullittlewhiteChinesewoodenbridge.第一座美丽的中国小白木桥。(三)表语形容词：除了作表语，还可以做宾语补足语和后置定语：①以a-开头：afraid;alone;awake;asleep;alive;alike;ashamed;afloat…②表示健康状况或感觉反应：well;ill;glad;sorry;unable;worth;sure…【题组训练】1.交通事故发生后，司机依然活着。Thedriverisstillaliveafterthetrafficaccident.2.她是那天晚上唯一一个醒着的人。Shewastheonlypersonawakethatnight.3.这座城市是一个值得参观的地方。Thecityisaplaceworthvisiting.4.他是最伟大的健在的诗人。Heisthegreatestpoetalive.5.我发现他在熟睡。Ifoundhimsound/fastasleep.(四)形容词作状语表示伴随或结果【题组训练】1.Hereturnedhome,safeandsound.(安然无恙)2.Thegoatrolledover,dead.(死了)3.Heisstandingthere,fulloffear.(充满了恐惧)(五)副词enough的用法【题组训练】1.Studentsbraveenoughtotakethisadventurecourse(足够勇敢参加这次探险课的学生)willcertainlylearnalotofusefulsills.2.Strangelyenough(很奇怪)somefamousscientistshavethequalitiesofbeingbothcarefulandcareless.3.---Mary,look,whatdidIfind?---Oh,mylostkey?Ican’tthankyoumuchenough.4.---Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.---Youcanneverbetoocarefulinthestreet.5.Treesaregoodforman.Wecan’tplantthemtoomany.6.Inarelayrace,aplayercan’trunfastenough.can’tsb.cannot+adj.+enoughcannever/hardly+too+adj.某人再……也不为过；越……越好(六)有些连词也可以作副词，常放在句末：though;(ever)since;incase【句型转换】1.Although/Thoughitwasahardjob,hetookit.=Itwasahardjob,hetookit,though.=Itwasahardjob,however,hetookit.2.Wehaven’theardfromhimsincehelefthometwoweeksago.=Helefthometwoweeksagoandwehaven’theardfromhimeversince.3.Iwilltakemyumbrellaincaseitshouldrain.=Idon’tthinkitwillrain,butIwilltakemyumbrellaincase.二、形容词和副词的比较等级（一）同级比较A.as…as…;notas/so…as…6 【题组训练】1.HenryisaworkerasgoodasPeter.Henry和Peter一样都是好工人。=HenryisasgoodaworkerasPeter.2.HenrydoesnothavesomanybooksasIhave.Henry的书不如我的多。=HenrydoesnothaveasmanybooksasIhave.3.Thebuildingis100meterstall.这栋楼有100米高。=Thebuildingisastallas100meters.B.貌似同级比较的固定习惯用语as/solongas只要；有……之久asfaras远到……地点；就……而言assoonas一……就……aswellas和……一样好；既……又……asgoodas(=verynearly)与……几乎一样；几乎；简直【题组训练】1.Hehasexperienceaswellasknowledge.2.Themanwaslyingontheground,asgoodasdead.3.AsfarasIknow,heisareliableperson.4.Iwillworkas/solongasIlive.5.Andassoonashebecamepresident,hethoughttheKoreanWartoanend.(二)比较级A．比较级的修饰语：rather;much;still;even;far;any（否定疑问句）；alot;alittle;agreatdeal;byfar;abit原级的修饰语：very;quite;rather;fairly;pretty最高级的修饰语：byfar;nearly;almostB.用比较级的句型结构1).Thelongeryoustay,thebetteritwillbe.2).Thenewcityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.3).Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.4).SheistallerthanIbythreeinches.=SheisthreeinchestallerthanI.5).---Annactsquiteunfriendly.---Ithinkshe’smoreshythanunfriendly.【题组训练】1.Ifyoustudyhard,yourEnglishwillbecomebetterandbetter.如果你努力学习，你的英语会变得越来越好。2.Ilikethebiggeroneofthetwodictionaries.我喜欢这两本字典中较大的那本。3.Thisdeskislongerthanthatonebyonefoot.这张桌子比那张长一英尺。=Thisdeskisonefootlongerthanthatone.4.Themoreshethoughtaboutit,themoredepressedshebecame.她越想越沮丧。5.Heismoremyfriendthanmyteacher.与其说他是我的老师，不如说他是我的朋友。6.Mr.Greenhasbeenillforafewdays,Iwonderwhetherheisanybetter.格林先生病了好几天了，我想知道他是否好点了。C．比较的对象不能相互包含，常见句型是：anyother+单数名词all(the)other+复数名词比较级+than+anyoneelseanyoftheother+复数名词therestof+复数名词或不可数名词【注意】ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.anycountryinAfrica.【句型转换】6 Sheistheclevereststudentinmyclass.=Sheisclevererthananyotherstudentinmyclass.=Sheisclevererthananyoneelseinmyclass.=Sheisclevererthanall(the)otherstudentsinmyclass.=Sheisclevererthananyoftheotherstudentsinmyclass.=Sheisclevererthantherestofthestudentsinmyclass.D.比较的对象应该相同1.当被比较的双方的定语不同，常需要使用代词that或those2.当用于特指的物时，可数名词单数或不可数名词用代词that;可数名词的复数用代词those当用于泛指人或物时，可数名词单数用代词one;可数名词复数用代词ones3.一般的比较用than，而senior;junior;superior则不用than而用to【改错】1.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanJapan.[than前加thatof]2.ChinahasalargerpopulationthanthatofJapan.[删去thatof]E.注意比较对象的省略现象1.Thepianosintheothershopwillbe____,but______.A.cheaper;notasbetterB.morecheaper;notasbetterC.cheaper;notasgoodD.morecheap;notasgood2.Johnplaysfootball___,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellasF.貌似比较级的习惯用语no…otherthan只有；正是morethan不止；不仅仅nomorethan=onlyratherthan而不是farmore及其moreorless=almostlessthan毫不；绝不nobetterthan并不比……强noless…than与……一样不少otherthan除……以外notmorethan不超过；最多moreAthanB与其说B倒不如说AThisismorethanIcantellyou.morethan+主语+can+谓语…非……所能；不能……Thistoolisnomoreusefulthanthatone.nomore+adj./adv.原形+than…两者同样不……Thistoolisnotmoreusefulthanthatone.notmore+adj./adv.原形+than…A不比B更……【题组训练】1.Theworkismoreorlessfinished,solet’shaveashortbreak.2.InnocountryotherthanBritaincanexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday.3.Hepreferstostayathomeratherthangotothecinema.4.Morethanonestudentwasgivenawayatickettotheconcert,sowecansetofftogether.5.HeisfarmorepleasedatthenewsthathehasbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.6.Hiswholeschooleducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear,buthebecameainventor.7.Thatboyisnobetterthanabeggar.8.Idon’tliketheideasoIamlessthanenthusiasticabouttheidea.G.否定+比较级=最高级1.Hehasneverspentamoreworryingday.他度过了最担心的一天。2.Thereisnogreaterlovethanthatofamother.母爱是最伟大的爱。三、高考常考易混点(一)表示倍数的句型1.A+be+…times+as+adj.原形+as+B2.A+be+…times+adj.比较级+than+B3.A+be+…times+the+性质名词+of+B4.The+性质名词+of+A+be+…times+that/thoseof+B【题组训练】翻译：这条路是那条路的四倍长。1.Theroadisfourtimesaslongasthatone.6 2.Theroadis3timeslongerthanthatone.3.Theroadis4timesthelengthofthatone.4.Thelengthofthisroadis4timesthatofthatone.(二)不定量的表达法修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词修饰可数或不可数名词(a)fewquiteafewmanymanyaagood/greatmanyanumberofabitof(a)littleagreatdealofalargeamountofmuchalotof/lotsofenoughplentyofalargequantityoflargequantitiesofsome/anymassesof【题组训练】1.Theyoungdanceslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook____picturesofthem.A.manyofB.massesofC.thenumberofD.alargeamountof2.____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople’slivingstandard.A.ManyB.AgreatmanyC.AlargenumberofD.Agreatdealof3.____offoodwerespreadoutonthetable.A.LargequantitiesofB.AlargequantityofC.AgreatmanyD.Alargenumberof(三)下列形容词作表语时，通常主语不用“人”，而用“it”possible;impossible;probable;necessary;convenient;inconvenient…【题组训练】判断正误1.Itisprobablethatitwillraintoday.(√)2.Itisprobabletoraintoday.(×)3.Itislikelytoraintoday.(√)4.Pleasecomehereifyouareconvenient.(×)5.Itisnotconvenienttoworkatweekends.(√)6.Youcangothereifitisnecessary.(√)7.Youcangothereifyouisnecessary.(×)(四)几组易混形容词和副词的比较toomuch=much太多……+不可数名词muchtoo=too实在太……+adj.common普通的；共同的usual惯常的；通常的normal符合标准的；正规的ordinary普通的；一般的regular有规律的；定期的(not+)nearly一点儿也不;相差甚远almost(+no…)=hardly(+any)fairly“还算……“(修饰褒义词)quite“颇为……”+形容词比较级+动词+名词+a+adj.+名词+不分级的形容词表示“完全”rather“十分”+比较级/too+动词+a+adj.+名词pretty“十分”（informal）Itispossible/probable/likely+that…Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.Sb./Sth.belikelytodosth.6 very“非常“【题组训练】1.____noneofuscouldsolvethemathproblem,foritistoodifficult.A.HardlyB.NearlyC.AlmostD.Seldom2.____anybodycametothepartybecauseoftheheavyrain.A.HardlyB.NearlyC.AlmostD.Seldom3.Sheisnot____asprettyashersister.A.hardlyB.nearlyC.almostD.seldom4.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas___tocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch5.Duringthemeeting,themanagerputforwardaplanwhichwas____worthdiscussing.A.veryB.fairlyC.quiteD.well6.Yesterdayhegotupearlierthan____,foritwasnotan____dayforhim.A.normal;commonB.regular;usualC.ordinary;normalD.usual;ordinary(五)具有两种形式的副词辨析1.Wespokehighlyofhim.Thebirdwasflyinghighinthesky.2.Don’tcometooclose.Iamcloselylikemyfather.3.Thetrainstoppeddead.Sheturneddeadlypale.4.Thevillageismostlyofmudhouses.Sheisthemostbeautifulgirlinthecollege.5.ItsaysfirmlythattheEUmustkeepitspromise.Fixthepostfirmintheground.high高高地highly高度地close近地closely紧密地dead死一般地；非常deadly极其地；完全地most最……mostly主要地；大部分firm稳固地；坚定地firmly紧紧地；断然地right直接地；立即rightly公正地；正确地just正好justly公正地late迟；晚lately最近near近nearly几乎sharp突然地；急剧地sharply严厉地direct径直地directly恰好；直接；坦率地clean完全地；径直地cleanly清洁地；干净利索地free自由地；免费地freely自由自在地；随便地clear隔开；不接触clearly清晰地；明显地flat平淡地flatly直截了当地easy安适地easily容易地short突然shortly不久fair公平地；正直地fairly相当地hard努力地hardly几乎不6