常考英语语法的要点归纳 6页

常考英语语法的要点归纳　一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，现在完成时，现在完成进行时，过去进行时，将来完成时）1、Themanagertoldusthatthisfactorywasbuiltin1958.2．Themanagertoldusthatthefailureisthemotherofsuccess.3、Bythetimewegotthere，theplayhadalreadybegun.4.Bytheendofnextweek,the2000wordswillhavebeenmastered(掌握)heseemstohaveknownmeitissaid/reportedthathewasastudent3yearsago.Heissaidtohavebeenastudent3yearsago5.Thisweekithasbeenraining/hasrained/israining/wasraining(本周雨一直在下)　　6、WhenIwasachild，Iknewthattheearthturnsaboutitsaxis.7、WhenMr.Delaygothomeafteraday"sexhaustingwork，hiswifeandchildrenweresleeping/hadfallenasleep/.Have/hadbeendoing:beforehejoinedthisclub,theyhadbeenworkingit8.Iusedtoswimintherivermanyyearsago.Iamusedtothecitylifenow.ThechalkisusedtowritesthHeisused/accustomedtoswimmingintheriverthesedays.　　二、非谓语动词题–ed/-doing/-todo　　1、Thefilmshowedlastnightwasverymoving.（不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别）2、Havingfinishedhislecture，theteacheraskedifanyonewishedtoaskedaquestion.Judgedhimfromhisclothes,hemustbepoor.3.whenseeingfromhere,Icanseethewholecity.4.Seenfromhere,thecitylooksbeautiful.5.Toseethecity,Iclimbedthetopofthehill.6、Theproblembeingdiscussed/whichisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.7.Theproblemdiscussed/whichwasdiscussedisveryimportant.8.Theproblemtobediscussed/whichwillbediscussedisveryimportant.9.Anyonewanting/whowantstopasstheexammustworkhard.10.Icamehome,tired(exhausted)andhungry/feeling/andfelttired(exhausted)andhungry.　　11、Givenmoretime，wearesuretofinishit.12、Willyoupleasemakeyourselfknown/understoodtoeveryonehere////makeyoudo=youbemadetodo。IsawhimsingingthesongatthistimeyesterdayHewasseensingingthesongatthistimeyesterdayIsawhimsingyesterday=hewasseentosingyesterdayItissaidthathewasastudent=heissaidtohavebeenastudent. 13．Iamexcited（感到）atthisexciting（令人）news.(disappointed/disappointing,frustrated感到沮丧的/frustrating---令人沮丧的developing/developedcountry/area)14.There/Itisnouse/point(意义)/goodcrying/worryingaboutit15.Hehassome/notrouble/difficultydoingthisjob.16.Iambusypreparingforthejobthesedays.17.Thisbookisworthreading.18.Wemusttrytosolvethisproblem/wecantrysolvingitinotherways.19.Iforget/remember/regrettovisit/visitinghim.Imeanto/begoingtotakeataxitogohome.Thefailuremeansdoingitagain20.Ifirstreadsthebookandthengoesontowritesomething.Iwentonworkingontheexamwhenthebellrang.Stopdoing/todo21.Ihave/getmywatchrepaired.Havesthdone/havesthtodo/havesb/sthdoingIhavesthimportanttodoIamsorrytohaveyouwaitingfor2hours.Ihaveyougoitover22.Iwouldrather/soonersleepthangoshopping.宁愿。。。而不。。。23．Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?Iappreciate感激beinginvitedtobehere.Icannotbut(不得不cannotbutdosth.)/canonlysleepathometoday.Icannothelp（不得不cannothelpdoingsth.）laughingit三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题(it本身是没有意思的，it还可以指时间，天气等。)makeit=succeedin(在……方面成功)doingsth/manageit/　　1、ItisdifficulttostudyEnglishwell.2、Wethinkitimportanttopasstheexam.3.Itisthepersonthatdidthisjob.4.ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatImetmyoldfriend.Whenwasitthatheboughtanewcar?6.Itis(high)timethatwehadarest(虚拟语气)7.Itisnousetryingagain=Itisofnousetotryagain.8.Itis/hasbeen/threeyearssinceImethiminBeijing.　　四、倒装句型全部倒装句　　1．Herecomesthebus/outrunthestudents/hereyouare2、Stoptalking！Therecomestheteacher.　部分倒装句（如果选项里面有两个主谓倒装了，两个没有，我们一般要在倒装里做选择）　　1、Sobadlywashehurtintheaccidentthathehadtobesenttohospital.2、Notonlydoeshestudywell，butalsoheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.3．Neverdidhegotoschool. 4.Nosooner/hardlyhadhegonetobedthan/whenhefell/asleep.5.Marywaslate,sowasJack(Jack也迟到了)//soshewas.(她却是迟到了)Marywasnotlate,neitherwasJack.6.Onlyinthisway（这样）canwebesuccessful.五、从句中选择关系词题（三看：一看先行词，二看关系词在从句里什么成份，三看选项）1、Itwasinsofriendlyawaythathetalkedwith(与……交谈)us.2、Heisthetallest/onlymanthatIhaveseen(that既可以指人也可以指物)3.Thesunheatstheearth，whichisveryimportanttolivingthings.Heisafamousteacher,whichiswellknown.（用which是指这件事是众所周知的）Asiswellknown,heisafamousteacher.4.Thisistheplaceinwhich/whereIwasborn5.thisistheplace/region(地区)whereIwasbornthisistheplace__that/which__Ivisitedlastyear.Imethiminthestreetyesterdaybyaccident.（偶然）Imetagirl_whose__nameisMary.Imetagirl_who/that_-isJack’smotherItisIthatwaslate/broketheglass.Sheisthegirl_whom/that__Imetinthestreet.6.Thisiswhereheagrees.7．Thisistheplacewhich/thatIvisitedlastyear.8．Oct.15，2005isadaywhenwewilltakeourEnglishexamination.9.thisisthereasonwhyIwaslate/refusedyou.10.thisiswhathashappened.ThisiswhatIsaidThisisallthathashappened.11、Wewanttobuythesamebookasyouarereading.12.IhatesuchstudentsasMary.12.HeissofoolishthatwedislikehimHeissobigafoolthatwedislikehimHeissuchabigfoolthatwedislikehim13.时间状语从句:在英语中，时间状语从句的连接词常常有：when（当...的时候），whenever（每当...）whatever/whoever/wherever/whichever/however，as（当...时），since（自从...），itis…since…,not…until（直到...，才....），till（直到...），before（在...前）,after（在...后），assoonas（一...就），once（一旦...），themoment（一...就），immediately（一...就），theday（在...那天），nosoonerhadIgonetobedthanIfellasleep（一...就），hardly(scarcely)...when（一...就），theinstant(forinstance/example)（一...就），instantly（一...就），directly（一...就），theminute（一...就），everytime/when（每当...），bythetimenextweek,Iwillhavemastered2000words（等到....的时候）14.原因状语从句.英语中，原因状语从句的连接词常常是：because（因为），since（既然，由于），as（因为），nowthat（既然），seeingthat（既然），consideringthat（考虑到，因为），inthat=because（在某方面），inviewofthefactthat（鉴于） 15.条件状语从句/英语中连接条件状语从句的连接词常常有：if（如果），unless（除非，如果不if…not），providing/edthat（假如），so/aslongas（只要）/as/sofaras（根据）Iknow，onconditionthat（条件是），supposethat（假如），incase/incaseof（如果），onlyif（只要），ifonly=howIwish（但愿，要是...就好了）等。16.让步状语从句.英语中，表示让步关系的连接词常常有：though（虽然），although（虽然），evenif=eventhough（即使），as（尽管）---oldas/thoughheis,heworksveryhard，while（尽管），whatever（无论什么），wherever（无论哪里），whoever（无论谁），however（无论怎样），nomatterhow/which/what（不论，不管），17.目的状语从句.在英语中，连接目的状语从句的连接词常常有：sothat（为了，以便），lest（以防），incase（以防，以免）/incaseof=intheeventof，forfearthat（以防）inorderthat（为了）等等　　六、虚拟语气（我们要记住与现在，过去，将来相反的三种情况，特别是与过去相反的情况最常考，再有就是wish/asif后面所接的三种情况，还有一个常考点在suggest，demand，require，order等表示建议，要求，命令的词后面加从句时，从句里谓语要用（should）+动词原形，如果是被动则用（should+be+动词过去分词）　　1、Iwouldhavedoneitbetter/Iwouldbemoresuccessfulnow/todayifIhadhadmoretime.　　2、Iwishyouwouldgowithustomorrow/youhadgonetoschoolyesterday/hewere/me.　　3、Isuggest/itisimportant/natural/possible/necessarythatwe（should）adoptadifferentpolicy/hebehere/itnotbefinished.★4.Haditnotbeenforyourhelp，wewouldneverhavebeenabletogetoverthedifficulties.5.Itishightime(that)wehadarestItisthefirsttimethatwehavebeenhere.Itwasthefirsttimethatwehadbeenhere.（？）6.Iwouldrather(that)youdidit7.Iwouldrather/soonersleepathomethangoshopping8.Iprefertosleepathomeratherthangoshopping　　七、情态动词题（除了掌握常见情态动词基本用法外，常考点在三种表推测的情况，分别为must表对现在事情的肯定推测，can"t表对现在事实的否定推测，musthave+v-ed表示对过去事实的肯定推测，而则表示过去应该做某事而没有做）1、Thegroundissowet，itmusthaverained(过去肯定)lastnight.2.thelightison,hemustbe（现在肯定）athome.Hemustnot（禁止）smokehere.3.thelightisnoton,hecannot（否定的肯定）beathome4.hemight/may/could/can/should/mustbeathome.5Musthegonow?---yes,hemust./No,heneednot.6.Needhegonow？Yes,hemust./No,heneednot.7.Ishouldhavecalledyoulastweek，butIwastoobusythen.（本来应该） 8.heneednothavecomehereyesterday.（本来没必要）9.wewouldhavecomeherelastyear(本来会)10.youhadbettergotowork,or=otherwisewewillbehungry.11.thebabyneedslookingafter/tobelookedafter.Heneedhaveabreak./heneedstohaveabreak12.weusedtoswimintheriver,buttodaythisriverisdirty.13.ThesedaysIamused/accustomedtoswimmingintheswimmingpool.　　八、几组形容词及副词区别题（注意比较级、最高级、倍数表达；likely/possible/probable；worth/worthy；toomuch/muchtoo；already/yet等）　　1、Hisbooks/moneyare/isthreetimesasmany/muchasmybooks/money.2、TheNileriveristhelongestriverintheworld.Ofmyfriends/thebooksIread,heisthetallest/thisisthemostinteresting.　　3、Itismuchtoohottonight./wewilldrinktoomuchwaterinsummer.　　4、Theharderheworked，thehappierhefelt.九、主谓一致题1.就近原则;either…or/or/,notonly…butalso,neither…nor…,therebe…　EitheryouorIamastudentBothyouandIarefromUSA.Therearetenstudentsandateacherhere./thereisateacherandtenstudentshere.2.就前原则：with,alongwith,aswellas=inadditionto(还有),togetherwith,ratherthanTheboss,ratherthanhisemployees,istoblame(受到责备).Theteacher,aswellas/withthestudentslikesthisstory3．集体名词作主语。Family,team,government,crew(全体人员,(工作)队)…classThefamilyisveryhappy./HisfamilyarehavingdinnerwhenIvisitTomThewomenfootballteamfailsagain.ThewomenfootballteamarehavingbathTheclass_are_takingnotesTheclassisbiggerthanthatone4.the/hissecretaryandmangerisMr.Wang./the/hissecretaryandthe/hismanagerareMiss.LiandMr.Wang.5.Oneandahalfyearshaspassed.6.ManystudentsarefromUSA./Manya/MorethanonestudentisfromUSA.☆7.OneofthestudentsisfromUSAHeisoneofthestudentswhoarefromUSA.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoisfromUSA8.Hisselectedpoems（诗选）wasfirstpublishedin1992.NewYorktimes/Eggandriceismyfavorite.Breadandbutterismyfavorite十、常用介词区别题（如on，in，at,to,of,from,withexceptbesides，within，without，through等）Thosestudentsin/fromIndia　　1、Youshouldwriteininknotwithyourpencil. 　　2、Hepulledherintothetrainbythearm.　　3、bybus/train/air…。Onfoot，onthefarm，inthemorning/afternoon/evening，atnight/noon　　十一、常考代词题（常考的有otherstudents，others，anotherstudent，one…theother/somestudents…others=otherstudents；sometimes,sometime,sometime某时；that,which；that/what，either…or/neither…nor；Iwaslate,too/Iwasalsolate/Iwasnotlate,either；manystudents/muchwater,/agreatdealofwater/agreatnumberofstudents/agreatamountofwater；afew/few/fewer/little/alittle/less；as/solongas只要…/as/sofarasIamconcerned/lknow据我看来；）　　1、Thatyoudon"tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.　　2、TheweatherinthenorthismuchcolderthanthatinthesouthinJanuary.　　3、Hemustbeaworker.Ithinkso.十二.强调句式；ItisinthisroomthatImetyouatthefirsttime.Hedoeslovehiswife.Idoloveyou.IdidsendmeapostcardasIexpected.Intheworld,onearth,thehell究竟Whatintheworld/onearth/thehellareyoulookingfor