2015届高考英语语法知识点复习学案25 9页

www.ks5u.com2015山西长治市高考英语语法填空及阅读类一轮自选练习（5）及答案【2015届河南省顶级名校高三入学定位考试（201408）】B“Putyourselfinsomeoneelse"sshoes.”is(66)________idiomthatmeansifyouimagineyourselftobeinanotherperson"sposition,goodorbad,youmayunderstandhowtheyfeel,goodorbad,orwhytheyhavedone(67)________they"vedone.Thisidiomcomesfromthefact(68)________apairofperfectlyfittingshoesforsomeonemaynotfitanotherpersonasperfectly.So,literally,onlyifyouput(69)________anotherperson"sshoescanyoufeelhowitistowalkin(70)________．Metaphoricallyspeaking,“theirshoes”standsforotherpeople"sposition.Alocalboyisdetained(扣留)bythepolice(71)________atheft,andoneofhisfriendsmight(72)________(private)saytohimself:“Iwouldn"twanttobeinhisshoesnow.”Thatis,hedoesn"twant(73)________(put)intoprisonforstealing.Bytryingto“putontheirshoes”,wetrytoimagineourselvesin(74)________situation,byseeingthingsfromtheirpointofview,bythinkingabouthowwewouldwanttobetreatedifwewerethem.HarperLee,ofcourse,(75)________(express)thisideabestinToKillaMockingbird:“Youneverreallyunderstandapersonuntilyouconsiderthingsfromhispointofview—untilyouclimbinsideofhisskinandwalkaroundinit.”【答案】【知识点】语法填空（二）【文章综述】本文是一说明文，主要讲述短语“Putyourselfinsomeoneelse"sshoes.”的含义、来历，并教给人们学会换位思考。【答案解析】66.an考查冠词。idiom是以元音音素开头，表示“一个”用an。67.what考查what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作do的宾语。68.that考查同位语从句。that引导同位语从句，仅起引导作用，无任何含义。69.on考查动词短语。puton穿上。70.them考查代词。them代指前文的shoes。71.for/becauseof考查介词。for表示原因，detainsbforsth因为某事而扣留某人。72.privately考查副词。副词修饰动词say。73.tobeput考查不定式的被动式。句子的主语是put 的动作承受者，故用不定式的被动式，也可用putting。74.their考查代词。名词situation前缺少形容词性物主代词作定语，与前面和后面的their相对应。75.(has)expressed考查时态。句子无明显时态标志词，根据语境判断应用过去时或现在完成时。完型填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从以下题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。[夹叙夹议型完形填空(一)]OnatriptoCalifornia,myfamilystoppedforlunch.Aswewalkedtowardstheentrancetotherestaurant,aman,witha__1__beardanddirtyhair,jumpedupfromabenchoutsidetherestaurantandopenedthedoorforus.Regardlessofhis__2__，hegreetedusinafriendlyway.Onceinside,mydaughterswhispered,“Mum,he__3__．”Afterweorderedourlunch,Iexplained,tellingthekidstolook__4__thedirt.Wethenwatchedothercustomersapproachtherestaurantbutmany__5__him.Seeingthisrudenesstrulyupsetme.ThedayIbecameamother,Ihaddeterminedtosetagood__6__tomychildren.Yetsometimeswhenthingsdidn"tgoright,beingagoodexamplewas__7__.Whenourmealarrived,IrealizedIhadleftthecarsickpillsinthetruck.Withthewindingtripahead,thekidsneededthem,soI__8__myselffromthemealandwenttogetthem.Justthen,the“doorman”wasopeningthedoorforacouple.Theyrushedpasthimwithoutevenacknowledginghis__9__.Lettingtheminfirst,Isaidaloud“thankyou”tohimasI__10__．WhenIreturned,wetalkedabit.Hesaidhewasnotallowedinside__11__hepurchasedfood.Iwentbackandtoldmyfamilyhis__12__.ThenIaskedourwaitresstoaddonesoupandsandwich.Thekidslooked__13__aswehadalreadyeaten,butwhenIsaidtheorderwasforthe“doorman”，theysmiled.Whenitwastimeto__14__ourtrip,Ifoundthe“doorman”enjoyinghismeal.Upon seeingme,hestoodupandthankedmeheartily.Hethen__15__outhishandforahandshakeandIgratefullyaccepted.Isuddenly__16__thetearsinhiseyes—tearsofgratitude(感激)．Whathappenednextdrewgreatastonishment:Igavethe“doorman”a__17__.Hepulledaway,withtears__18__downhisface.Backinthetruck,Ifellintodeepthought.Whilewecan"tchoosemanythingsinlife,wecanchoosewhentoshowgratitude.Isaidthankstoamanwhohad__19__heldopenadoorforme,andalsosaidthanksforthat__20__toteachmychildrenbyexample.1．A.cleanB．messyC．prettyD．bright2．A.serviceB．appearanceC．stateD．attitude3．A.smokesB．smilesC．sighsD．smells4．A.beyondB．overC．aroundD．into5．A.hatedB．ignoredC．missedD．refused6．A.targetB．ruleC．recordD．example7．A.stressfulB．accessibleC．awkwardD．tough8．A.excusedB．refreshedC．preventedD．forgave9．A.companyB．presenceC．challengeD．attack10．A.quittedB．marchedC．exitedD．approached11．A.beforeB．unless C．thoughD．since12．A.storyB．deedC．experienceD．demand13．A.concernedB．excitedC．puzzledD．bored14．A.makeB．startC．takeD．continue15．A.reachedB．washedC．raisedD．waved16．A.watchedB．inspectedC．witnessedD．noticed17．A.hugB．nodC．liftD．strike18．A.slippingB．rollingC．rushingD．breaking19．A.firmlyB．constantlyC．simplyD．quickly20．A.journeyB．wisdomC．opportunityD．community(一)【要点综述】作者以友善的态度真诚地对待一个外表很脏但为她开门的男人，并为他提供了一份食物和一个拥抱，由此感动了对方。文章告诉我们，尽管生活中有很多东西无法亲自选择，但是我们可以选择什么时候去表达感谢。1．B　通过后面and可知，只有messy合适，意为“杂乱的”。2．B　appearance“外表”，上文描写的是男人的外表，故选B。3．D　smell意为“味道难闻”，根据语境可以选出答案。4．A　beyond意为“在……范围外”。通过上下文可知，孩子的母亲不想让孩子以貌取人，而应该关注外表以外的东西，所以选beyond。5．B　ignore“故意忽视不理睬” ，通过前后文可知，当人们进入饭店的时候，许多人都无视这个外表很脏的男人。6．D　example“榜样”，下文有直接对应，且setanexample也为常用搭配。7．D　tough困难的；stressful紧张的，压力重的；accessible可靠近的，可进入的；awkward尴尬的，笨拙的，别扭的。8．A　因为路途曲折，孩子们需要晕车药，所以作者需要去车里取药给孩子吃，所以选A。9．B　正在这时，这个男人为一对夫妇开门，这对夫妇快速从他身旁走过甚至都没有承认他的存在，即无视他的存在，正好与上文呼应，表明人们看都不愿意看这个男人，更不用说是礼貌友好地待他了。10．C　让那对夫妇先进来，然后作者向外走的时候对那个男人大声地说了声“谢谢”。11．B　男人说饭店不允许他进入，除非他买食物。12．A　“我”回来把那个男人的事情告诉了家人。deed和demand显然不对，而experience一般指过去的经历，故也不合适。故选择story。13．C　因为家人不知道作者为什么在他们吃饱了的情况下又加了一份汤和三明治，所以选puzzled“迷惑不解”。14．D　takeatrip、makeatrip意为“旅行，外出”，startatrip意为“开始旅行”，因为文章开头明确说明作者和家人是在去往加利福尼亚的trip中停下来吃午饭，所以再次上路，应该选D“继续”。15．A　他伸出手和“我”握手，“我”感激地接受了。reachout意为“伸出”。16．D　notice留心，注意到。17．A　接下来发生的事情更让人惊讶，“我”给了那个男人一个拥抱。18．B　rolling表示眼泪不停地流下来，很形象。19．C　“我”对一个男人表达了感谢，仅仅就是因为他为“我”开门，并且“我”也感谢这个机会，因为它让“我”以身作则教育了“我”的孩子。20．C　作者感谢这件事情，因为这是一个教育孩子的好机会。 阅读理解--------ATechnologyhasbeenanencouragementofhistoricalchange.ItactedassuchaforceinEnglandbeginningintheeighteenthcentury,andacrosstheentireWesternWorldinthenineteenth.Rapidadvancesweremadeintheuseofscientificfindingsinthemanufacture(制造)ofgoods,whichhaschangedideasaboutwork.Oneofthefirstchangeswasthatotherformsofenergyhavetakentheplaceofhumanpower.Alongwiththiscametheincreaseduseofmachinestomanufactureproductsinlesstime.Peoplealsodevelopedmachinesthatcouldproducethesamepartsforaproduct:eachnailwasexactlylikeeveryothernail,meaningthateachnailcouldbechangedforeveryothernail.Thismeansthatgoodscouldbemassproduction,althoughmassproductionrequiredbreakingproductiondownintosmallerandsmallertasks.Workersnolongerstartedontheproductandlaboredtocompleteit.Instead,theymightworkonlyonethousandthofit,otherworkerscompletingtheirownpartsincertainorder.Thereisnothingstrangeaboutthismanufacturingworkbytoday"sstandards.Highlyskilledworkerswereunabletocomparewiththenewproductiontechniques,asmassproductionallowedgoodsofhighstandardtobeproducedingreaternumberthancouldeverbedonebyhand.Buttheskilledworkerwasn"ttheonlyloser,thecommonworkerslosttoo.Similarchangesforcedfarmeraway.Theincreasedmechanization(机械化)ofagriculturefreedmassesofworkersfromploughingthelandandharvestingitscrops.Theyhadlittlechoicebuttostreamtowardtherapidlydevelopingindustrialcenters.Increasingly,standardsweresetbymachines.Workersnolongerownedtheirowntools,theirskillwasnolongervalued,andprideintheirworkwasnolongerpossible.Workersfed,lookedafterandrepairedthemachinesthatcouldworkfasterthanhumansatgreatlyreducedcost.1.Inthispassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredasachangecausedbytheuseofscientificfindingsintheproductionofgoods?A.Otherformsofenergyhavetakentheplaceofhumanpower.B.Theincreasedexploitationofworkersinthe19thcentury.C.Theincreaseduseofmachinestomakeproductsinlesstime.[D.Theuseofmachinesproducingpartsofthesamestandard.答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。从文章的第一段“Oneofthefirstchangeswasthatotherformsofenergyhavetakentheplaceofhumanpower.Alongwiththiscametheincreaseduseofmachinestomanufactureproductsinlesstime.Peoplealsodevelopedmachinesthatcouldproducethesamepartsforaproduct:”可知，A、C、D都在文中提到了。故答案为B。2.Accordingtothewriter,highlyskilledworkers______A.completelydisappearedwiththecomingofthefactorysystemB.weredismissedbythebossC.wereunabletoproducegoodsofhighstandardD.wereunabletoproducefinegoodsatthatsamespeedasmachines答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。从文章第二段“Highlyskilledworkerswereunabletocomparewiththenewproductiontechniques,asmassproductionallowedgoodsofhighstandardtobeproducedingreaternumberthancouldeverbedonebyhand.”可知，机器批量生产的产品标准高，数量多，这是手工生产无法匹敌的。故答案为D。 3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidthefarmershavetodowiththecomingofmechanizationofagriculture?A.Manyofthemhadtoleavetheirfarmlandforindustrialcenters.B.Theystucktotheirfarmwork.C.Theyrefusedtousemachines.DTheydidtheirbesttolearnhowtousethemachines.答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。从第二段的倒数第四句话“Theyhadlittlechoicebuttostreamtowardtherapidlydevelopingindustrialcenters.”可知，答案为A。阅读理解(2014·江西八校联考)TheforcesthatmakeJapanoneoftheworld’smostearthquakeprone(有地震倾向的)countriescouldbecomepartofitslongtermenergysolution.WaterfromdeepbelowthegroundatJapan’stensofthousandsofhotspringscouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.AlthoughJapanesehightechcompaniesareleadersingeothermal(地热的)technologyandexportit，itsuseislimitedinthenation.“Japanshouldnodoubtmakeuseofitsresourcesofgeothermalenergy，”saidYoshiyasuTakefuji，aleadingresearcherofthermalelectricpowerproduction.ThedisastrousearthquakeandtsunamionMarch11,2011causedareactionagainstatomicpower，whichpreviouslymadeup30percentofJapan’senergyneeds，andincreasedinterestinalternativeenergies，whichaccountedforonly8percent.ArtistYokoOnohascalledonJapantoexploreitsnaturalenergy，followingtheexampleofIcelandwhichusesrenewableenergyformorethan80percentofitsneeds.Fornow，geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan，whichhasfordecadesreliedheavilyonfossilfuelsandatomicpower.Thebiggestproblemtogeothermalenergyisthehighinitialcostoftheexplorationandconstructingthefactories.AnotherproblemisthatJapan’spotentiallybestsitesarealreadybeingdevelopedfortourismorarelocatedwithinnationalparkswhereconstructionisforbidden.“Wecan’tevendig10cminsidenationalparks.”saidShigetoYamadaofFujiElectric，addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.ResearcherHideakiMatsuisaid，“Producingelectricityusinghotspringsisadecadeslongproject.Wealsohavetothinkaboutwhattodofornowasenergysupplieswilldeclineintheshortterm.”TheEarthPolicyInstituteinWashington，US，believedJapancouldproduce80000 megawatts(兆瓦)andmeetmorethanhalfitselectricityneedswithgeothermaltechnology.JapanesegiantssuchasToshibaarealreadygloballeadersingeothermaltechnology，witha70percentmarketshare.In2010，FujiElectricbuilttheworld’slargestgeothermalfactoryinNewZealand.1．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AlternativeenergiesinJapanB．World’slargestgeothermalplantC．JapantakestheleadingeothermaltechnologyD．Japanthinksofgeothermalenergy2．WhatpercentageofJapan’senergyneedsisgeothermalenergy?A．About8%.　B．Below1%.C．Around30%.　D．Over80%.3．AccordingtoShigetoYamada，thegrowthofgeothermalpowerinJapanneeds________.A．achangeofrules　B．financialsupportC．localpeople’shelp　　D．hightechnology4．Geothermalenergyisconsideredasalongtermprogramby________.A．YoshiyasuTakefuji　B．HideakiMatsuiC．ShigetoYamada　D．YokoOno5．Itcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat________.A．theworld’sbiggestgeothermalplantwasbuiltbyAmericaB．JapanwillnotexportitsgeothermaltechnologyC．thepotentialofJapan’sgeothermalenergyisgreatD．itishardtofindgeothermalenergyinJapan语篇解读　本文为一篇科普说明文。让日本经常地震的一些自然力有可能会被转化成日本长期可持续利用的清洁能源，即：地热。本文对其进行了详细介绍。1．解析：　标题概括题。根据文章第三段的导入和倒数第三段最后一句“Wealsohavetothinkaboutwhattodofornowasenergysupplieswilldeclineintheshortterm”，以及对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的“日本正在考虑如何使用地热”的问题，所以D项最适合做文章的标题。答案：　D2．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第七段“Fornow，geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan...”可知，答案B符合文意。 答案：　B3．解析：　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段中的“addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow”可推知，答案A符合文意。答案：　A4．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“ResearcherHideakiMatsuisaid，Producingelectricityusinghotspringsisadecadeslongproject...”可知，答案B符合文意。答案：　B5．解析：　推理判断题。根据对文章最后两段的整体理解可知，日本的地热能源潜力巨大。答案：　C