2015届高考英语语法知识点复习学案21 10页

www.ks5u.com2015江苏溧水县高考英语一轮课外练习（8）及答案完型填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从以下题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。[夹叙夹议型完形填空(一)]IwaswatchingaTVseriesonenightwhenItookinonescene.Amanwasseekinghiscommunityvotes,andpeople__1__wantedtoknowwhytheyshouldgivehimtheir__2__．Hetookthemtohishouseandonevery__3__inhishousewastheword“faith”pasted.Peopleraisedlotsof__4__tofindoutwhythewordwaspastedonhismirrors.Hesaid，“Mydadoften__5__metobelievethataslongasyouhave__6__，youshouldhavefaith.Everytimeyoulookinthemirror,you"relookingatyourselfandsee‘faith’.”The__7__Ilearnedfromthisissimple—faithisalivingthingandinthesamewaywe"reall__8__given24hoursadayandwe"reallgiventhesamemeasureoffaith.Faithkeepsusgoingwhenthingsget__9__!Whyissomepeople"sfaithstrongerthanthatofothers?Exercise!Ifwechoosetoexerciseourfaith,itwill__10__;butifwechoosenotto,itremainsweak.Somepeoplemight__11__thattheydon"thavefaith,butweallpractisefaitheverydayevenifwedon"t__12__itwasfaith.Daily__13__，suchasstudying,investingorreachingforadream,takefaith.Faith__14__hearinganddoing.Imadeadecisionyesterday—to__15__readingthenewspapersfulloftoomuchsadand__16__news.Why?BecauseI__17__therewasadropofmymentalstateafterreadingthenewspapers.Faith,whenit"sputto__18__，becomesabeautifulthing.Itliftsyourmentalstatetoahigherplacethat__19__youtoraiseyourselfupanddeclare，“Yes，Ican.”Somakethedecisiontodaytostrengthenyourfaithby__20__it.1.A．bravelyB．brieflyC．mostlyD．finally2.A．supportB．instructionC．pityD．information 3.A．wallB．mirrorC．pictureD．book4.A．voicesB．questionsC．rulesD．standards5.A．teachesB．permitsC．forcesD．promises6.A．friendshipB．breathC．wealthD．success7.A．lessonB．viewC．choiceD．example8.A．extremelyB．freelyC．equallyD．frequently9.A．strangeB．differentC．funnyD．tough10.A．stayB．returnC．slowD．grow11.A．argueB．realizeC．understandD．predict12.A．agreeB．appreciateC．admireD．acknowledge13.A．servicesB．stepsC．tasksD．experiment14.A．dreamsofB．comesfromC．feelslikeD．keepson15.A．considerB．delayC．stopD．risk16.A．variousB．genuineC．latestD．negative17.A．heardB．noticed C．declaredD．explained18.A．checkB．listC．workD．sleep19.A．warnsB．causesC．ordersD．forbids20.A．exercisingB．formingC．obtainingD．thinking(二)【要点综述】本文讲述了电视剧中一位年轻人家中的每一面镜子上都贴着“faith”这个词，这个情节引发了作者的深思。1．C　根据上文可知，此处表示“一个年轻人正在社区里为自己拉票，人们主要想知道他有什么理由可以让他们支持他”。2．A　根据上文“…seekinghiscommunityvotes…”可知，人们想知道为什么要给予他支持。3．B　根据下文提到的thewordwaspastedonhismirrors可知答案。4．B　根据下文whythewordwaspastedonhismirrors可知，此处表示人们提出问题(raisequestions)想了解实情。5．A　本句表示父亲教他人生的道理(teachsbtodosth)。6．B　根据上下文可知，把faith这个词贴在镜子上是为了每一次照镜子时都能看到它，这说明父亲让他相信信念非常重要，只要活着，就要有信念。havebreath表示“活着”。7．A　破折号后的内容是作者从这一电视剧情节中获得的lesson(经验，教训)。8．C　根据下文24hoursaday判断，我们每个人的一天同样(equally)都是24小时。9．D　根据常识可知，当事情变得艰难时(gettough)，更能显出信念的作用。10．D　本句对比了两种情况：选择经受磨炼，信念就会增强(grow)；选择逃避磨炼，信念就会仍然保持薄弱状态。11．A　作者认为有些人可能会有不同意见，他们也许会争辩(argue) 说，他们没有信念。12．D　联系上文可知，作者对这些人的驳斥是：我们每天都在践行它，即使我们不承认(acknowledge)那就是信念。13．C　此空后列举的内容都是我们的日常活动，故用task。14．B　此空表示信念来自于(comefrom)你所听和所做的事。15．C　根据空后内容可知，看了那些报纸后，作者总会情绪低落。因此，要树立信念，作者应该是决定以后不再(stop)看那些有负面信息的报纸了。16．D　联系上下文可知，此处所需词汇应与sad同义，表示“悲伤和负面的消息”。17．B　读了那样的内容，作者应该“注意到”了自己情绪的低落。18．C　当践行信念时，它会变成美好的东西。put…towork表示“践行，使起作用”。19．B　联系前文可知，信念能把你的精神状态提升到更高的高度，促使你提升自我，并宣称：“是的，我能。”20．A　根据第二段“Ifwechoosetoexerciseourfaith，itwill…”可知此处应选A。阅读理解。Theworldeconomyhasrunintoabrickwall.Despitecountlesswarningsinrecentyearsabouttheneedtoaddressapotentialhungercrisisinpoorcountriesandanenergycrisisworldwide,worldleadersfailedtothinkahead.Theresultisaglobalfoodcrisis.Wheat,cornandricepriceshavemorethandoubledinthepasttwoyears.Andoilpriceshaveincreasedmorethanthreetimessincethestartof2004.Thesefood-priceincreases,combinedwithincreasingenergycosts,willslowifnotstopeconomicgrowthinmanypartsoftheworldandwillevenaffectpoliticalstability.Practicalsolutionstotheseproblemsdoexist,butwe’llhavetostartthinkingaheadandactingglobally.Herearethreestepstoeasethecurrentfoodcrisisandavoidthepotentialforaglobalcrisis.The firstistopromotethedramaticsuccessofMalawi,acountryinsouthernAfrica,whichthreeyearsagoestablishedaspecialfundtohelpitsfarmersgetfertilizerandseedswithhighproductivity.Malawi’sharvestdoubledafterjustoneyear.AninternationalfundbasedontheMalawimodelwouldcostamere$10perpersonannuallyintherichworld,or$10billionaltogether.Second,theU.S.andEuropeshouldabandontheirpoliciesofpayingpartlyforthechangeoffoodintobiofuels.TheU.S.governmentgivesfarmersataxpayer-financedpaymentof51centspergallonofethanol(乙醇)changedfromcorn.Theremaybeacaseforbiofuelsproducedonlandsthatdonotproducefoods—treecrops,grassesandwoodproducts—butthere’snocaseforthegovernmenttopaytoputtheworld’sdinnerintothegastank.Third,weurgentlyneedtoweather-prooftheworld’scropsassoonandaseffectivelyaspossible.Forapoorfarmer,sometimessomethingassimpleasafarmpond—whichcollectsrainwatertobeusedindryweather—canmakethedifferencebetweenagoodharvestandabadone.TheworldhasalreadycommittedtoestablishingaClimateAdaptationFundtohelppoorregionsclimate-proofvitaleconomicactivitiessuchasfoodproductionandhealthcarebuthasnotyetacteduponthepromise.1.AninternationalfundbasedontheMalawimodelwould　　　.　A.costeachofthedevelopedcountries$10billionperyearB.aimtodoubletheharvestinsouthernAfricancountriesinayearC.decreasethefoodpricesaswellastheenergypricesD.givepoorfarmersaccesstofertilizerandhighlyproductiveseeds2.Withthesecondstep,theauthorexpressestheideathat　　　.　A.itisnotwisetochangefoodcropsintogasB.itismisleadingtoputtreecropsintothegastank C.weshouldgetalternativeformsoffuelinanywayD.biofuelsshouldbedevelopedonalargescale3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Arain-collectingpondisasimplesafeguardagainstbyweather.B.AClimateAdaptationFundhasbeenestablishedtohelppoorregions.C.Theworldhasmadeaseriouspromisetobuildfarmponds.D.Itmakesagreatdifferencewhetherwedevelopwoodproductsornot.4.Inthepassage,theauthorcallsonusto　　　.　A.slowdownbutnottostopeconomicgrowthB.developtreecrops,grassesandwoodproductsC.achieveeconomicgrowthandpoliticalstabilityD.actnowsoastorelievetheglobalfoodshortage【参考答案】47.1-4DAAD　阅读理解。Tohitch-hikesuccessfullyinanycountryyoumustbeabletodotwothings:attractattentionandatthesametimeconvincethedriverataglancethatyoudonotintendtorobormurderhim.Tofulfillthefirstrequirementyoumusthavesomemarktodistinguishyouatoncefromallotherhikers.Aserviceman,forinstance,shouldwearhisuniform,andastudenthisredscarf.Inaforeigncountryanunmistakableindicationofyourownnationalitywillalsoarresta driver’sattention.WhenIhitch-hiked9,500milesacrosstheUnitedStatesandbackrecentlyIworeawell-tailoredsuit,abowlerhatandatrenchcoat,andcarriedapencil-thinrolledblackumbrella.MysuitcasewasdecoratedwithBritishflags.Havingplentyofluggage,moreover,Iwasnotlikelytobesuspectedofbeingadangerouslunatic(精神病患者).IthenhadtogetacrosstothedrivertheideathatIwasarealtraveler,andneededtogetsomewherecheaply.Butevenwithcarefulpreparation,youmustnotassumethatthetaskwillbeeasy.Youshouldbepreparedtowaitalittle,fortherearedriverswhoconfesstoafierceprejudiceagainst,(nottosayhatredof)hitch-hikers,andwouldnomorepickupahikerthanmarchfromAldermastontoLondon.InAmerica,myaveragewaitishalfanhour,andmylongestistwohours,butIhaveheardofpeoplewaitingallday:theyprobablytooklesspainstomakethemselveseasytonotice.Normustyouassumethatallthedriverswhostopforyouarenice,normalpeople.OnoneoccasionIfoundmyselfdrivingwithtwoboysofaboutnineteenwhoturnedouttobeontherunfromthepolice,andwerehopingtousemeasanalibi.Therearealsolesser(较小的)risks:youmayfindyourselfinthecarofaFascistfanatic,aMormonmissionary(传教士),orjustabaddriver.Youcannottell,ofcourseuntilyouareinthecar.Butyousoonlearntheartofthequickexcusethatgetsyououtagain.Ifthehitch-hikerintheUSremembersthatheisseekingthewillingnessofdriverstogivehimafreeride,andispreparedtogiveinexchangeentertainmentandcompany,andnotgotosleep,hewillcomeacrosstheremarkable,almostlegendary,hospitalityofAmericanoftheWest.Itwillalsohelpifhecandrive—IthinkthatIdrovemyselfabout4,500ofthose9,500milesIhitch-hikedintheStates.【文章大意】文章主要介绍了作者如何搭乘便车的一些经验,如装束、等车、遇到的司机,还特别提及了在美国的一些有关搭乘便车的趣事。1.Aservicemanshouldwearhisuniform　　　.A.soasnottolooktoounusualB.toattractattentionC.toshowheisondutyD.toputthedriveratease 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段“attractattentionandatthesametimeconvincethedriverataglancethatyoudonotintendtorobormurderhim...Aserviceman,forinstance,shouldwearhisuniform”可以得知答案。2.InParagraph3,welearnthatthewriter　　　.A.hassometimesfailedtohitcharideB.hasmarchedfromAldermastontoLondonC.hasbeensuccessfulinhitchingarideD.hashadtowaitforlonghoursforaride【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句中myaveragewaitishalfanhour,andmylongestistwohours,butIhaveheardofpeoplewaitingallday可知作者是比较成功的。3.ThemainideaofParagraph4isthat　　　.A.itisdangeroustobeinacarwithstrangersB.hitch-hikingmayturnouttoberiskysometimesC.ahitch-hikermustalsolearntheartofquickexcuseD.hitch-hikersmightcomeacrossbaddrivers【解析】选B。段落大意题。第四段的第一句是主题句。遇到的司机不见得个个都是正常人,从后面的例子也得知乘便车是有危险性的。4.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe“　　　”.A.Theartofhitch-hikingB.AnEnglishman’sviewoftheUSC.AnEnglishhitch-hikerD.Thejoysanddangersofhitch-hiking【解析】选A。主旨大意题。此处的art是“技巧”的意思。全文讲的是搭乘便车的一些经验和技巧,故A是最佳答案。【技法导练】多学一点　棋高一着阅读理解——如何辨别主旨大意题的错误选项在阅读理解中,主旨大意题的错误选项一般有以下几个特点:1.以偏概全。故意片面地理解文章,把文章中出现过的某一个观点当成整篇文章的主题。2.放大或缩小文章的主题。把文章的主题进行放大或者缩小。3.偷换概念。把文章主题换成相关但不同的主题。 请说出A篇阅读理解中三个错误选项分别属于哪种错误类型。题　号选　项错误类型4B_________C_________D_________答案:题　号选　项错误类型4B偷换概念C放大主题D以偏概全短文改错。假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Myfavoritesportisfootball.Iwasamemberofourschoolfootballteam.WepractiseforthreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTVtogether.Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogiveusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.Wemustkeepinmindsthatweplayfortheteaminsteadourselves.Alsosportteachesustheimportantofobedience(服从)．Eachplayermustobeythecaptain，whichistheleaderoftheteam.Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.【参考答案】：Myfavoritesportisfootball.Iamemberofourschoolfootballteam.WepractiseforthreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballonTVtogether.footballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsousasense offairplayandteamspirit.Wemustkeepinthatweplayfortheteaminsteadourselves.Alsosportteachesustheofobedience(服从)．Eachplayermustobeythecaptain，istheleaderoftheteam.Andmustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.