2015届高考英语语法知识点复习学案23 9页

www.ks5u.com2015山西长治市高考英语语法填空及阅读类一轮自选练习（2）及答案【2015届云南省玉溪一中高三上学期第一次月考（201409）】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Babara:Youlook__61___(tire).What’sthematterwithyou?Bob:Nothingserious.Iwanttohaveajobaftergraduation.Iamundergreatpressure.Babara:Doyoufindthat___62__isdifficulttofindasuitablejobthisyear?Bob:Yes.Nowcollegegraduates____63____(encourage)tostarttheirownbusiness,whichsoundsreallygoodforus.Atthesametime,wecangetsomevaluablesocial____64_____andwemayalsoknowmoreaboutourselvesandsociety.Babara:Yes,butitisnotaseasy___65___youimagine.Forcollegestudentstherearealotofproblems,especiallytheoneofnothavingenoughmoney.Andoureducationdoesn’tprovideenoughknowledgeonhowtosolveit.Bob:Maybeyouareright.Butourgovernmentallowscollegegraduatestoborrowmoneyfrombanks___66___maybesomecangetmoneyfromtheirparents.Babara:Butyouhavetopaybackthemoneysooneror___67____.Sosomecollegegraduatesprefertolivea___68____(peace)liferatherthanstarttheirownbusinessesthroughjob-huntingwhichiscompetitive.Bob:Oh,theydon’thavedreams.ButIhavemade__69_____mymindtoachievemydream.Howaboutyou?Babara:Well,italwaystakestimetoconsiderbefore___70____(make)adecision.61.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.【答案】【知识点】语法填空（二）【思路点拨】语法填空，必须读懂全文，根据上下文灵活应用语法知识，同时要注意名词单复数，动词人称，形容词和副词的变化。【答案解析】61.tired主语是you，故应用tired，感到疲劳的。62.it.根据固定句型：Itisdifficulttodosth做某事困难，故填it。63.arebeingencouraged.根据题中的now判断应用进行时，句子的主语为encourage的动作承受者，故用现在进行时的被动语态。64.experience.experience“经验”，为不可数名词。 65.as.根据前文的as判断是同级比较，故填as。66.and.空前后是两个平行的并列句，故应用and。67.later.soonerorlater固定短语“迟早”。68.peaceful.liveapeacefullife过和平生活，形容词形式作定语。69.up.makeupone’smind下定决心，故填up。70.makingbefore与现在分词连用做时间状语，句子的主语为make的逻辑主语，故填making。完型填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从以下题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。[说明文型完形填空]UKhouseholdsarecuttingbackonspendingatthefastestratesince1980.Thisis__1__totheworsteconomicslowdowninthreedecades.FiguresfromtheOfficeforNationalStatistics(ONS)showed__2__spendingfellby1.2%inthefirstthreemonthsoftheyear.Peoplespentlessonhousing,householdgoodsandservices,__3__thosewhowentonholidayabroadalsospent__4__less.Consumerstightenedtheirbeltsinthefaceofjoblosses,pay__5__orfreezesandsharplyreducedcitybonuses.Thefigures__6__employees"compensation(补偿金)fallingby1.1%inthequarter,thelargestfall__7__recordsbeganin1955.Wagesandsalariesdeclined,withlowerbonuspaymentsinthefinancialsectorthannormal,while__8__alsofell.Thedatawas__9__aspartoftheONS"slatestassessmentoftheUKeconomy,which__10__thatgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)shrankby1.9%inthefirstquarter,itssharpestdeclinesince1979.GDPstood4.1%__11__thanayearago,thebiggestannualfallsince1980.“ThebreakdownoffirstquarterGDPgivesapretty__12__pictureofweaknessrightacrossthe__13__intheearlymonthsofthisyear，”saidJonathanLoynesofCapitalEconomics.“Withkeypartslikehouseholdspendingandinvestmentsettofallconsiderablyfurtherin__14__totheweaknessinthehousingmarket,thelabourmarketandbanklending,we__15__unconvincedthatrecent‘greenshoots’willtranslateintoareturntodecentgrowth nextyear.”1.A．submittingB．resortingC．contributingD．extending2．A.personnelB．consumerC．folkD．client3.A．whileB．althoughC．becauseD．but4.A．instantlyB．simultaneouslyC．significantlyD．actively5.A．divesB．pausesC．haltsD．cuts6.A．calculatedB．accumulatedC．expressedD．showed7.A．sinceB．whenC．asD．until8.A．competitionB．employmentC．achievementD．attraction9.A．releasedB．relievedC．relatedD．relaxed10.A．promotedB．justifiedC．confirmedD．advocated11.A．poorerB．slimmerC．weakerD．lower12.A．amazingB．depressingC．surprisingD．puzzling13.A．economyB．financeC．businessD．commerce14.A．oppositionB．responseC．regardD．contrast15.A．remainB．prove C．feelD．maintainB【要点综述】本文讲述了经济危机导致居民消费开支产生了自1980以来的最大幅度的下滑这一现象。1．C　这促成了近三十年来最严重的经济下滑。submitto服从；resortto求助，诉诸；contributeto有助于，促进；extendto延伸到。2．B　consumerspending表示“消费性支出”。3．A　上半句说人们在住房、日用品及服务上的支出减少了，下半句说出国度假的人花费也减少了，由此可见前后分句是并列的关系，所以用while。although表示让步；because表示原因；but表示转折。4．C　instantly立即，马上；simultaneously同时地；significantly显著地，重要地；actively积极地，活跃地。不难看出这里是说出国度假的人花费也明显减少了，因此选significantly。5．D　paycuts表示“减薪”，payfreezes表示“工资冻结”。dive潜水；halt停止；pause暂停，间歇。6．D　calculate计算；accumulate积累；express表达；show表明。这里表示“数据表明”，故选择D项。7．A　since表示“从……以来”，上文提到员工们的补偿金本季度下降了1.1%，这个下降的幅度是自1955年有记录以来最大的，所以用since。8．B　competition竞争；employment就业；achievement成就，成绩；attraction吸引，吸引力。伴随着工资的下降，竞争肯定越来越激烈，失业的人也就越来越多，所以就业率就会下降。9．A　release发布，释放；relieve解除，减轻；relate联系，叙述；relax放松。这里release表示“发布”。句意：这份数据是作为英国国家统计局这个组织对英国经济评估报告的一部分来对外发布的。10．C　promote促进，提升；justify证明……是合法的；confirm确认，证实；advocate提倡，主张。句意：这份数据证实了第一季度国内生产总值下降了1.9%这一事实。11．D　从后半句“thebiggestannualfallsince1980”可以得出GDP肯定是比去年降低了4.1%，所以用lower。poor贫穷的；slim苗条的；weak虚弱的。12．B　amazing令人惊异的；depressing令人沮丧的；surprising令人惊讶的；puzzling令人费解的。 13．A　economy经济；finance财政；business商业；commerce贸易。这里应该是对整个宏观经济的展望，所以用economy，其他三个选项太过片面了。14．B　inresponseto表示“响应，反应”，这里表示由于房地产市场、劳动力市场以及银行借贷的疲软，导致家庭支出以及投资的大幅下降。15．A　remain表示“依然，保持”，后面大多跟形容词。maintain表示“维持，保持(已有的水平、标准)”，这里表示“虽然由于房地产市场、劳动力市场以及银行借贷的疲软而导致家庭支出以及投资的大幅下降，但是我们仍然不相信……”，所以这里用remain。阅读理解。MarkandhisbrotherJasonbothwerelookingattheshiningnewcomputerenviously.Jasonwasdeterminednottogoagainsttheirfather"swishesbutMarkwasmoreadventurousthanhisbrother.Helovedexperimentingandhisaimwastobecomeascientistlikehisfather.“Dadwillbereallymadifhefindsoutyou"vebeenplayingwithhisnewcomputer.”Jasonsaid，“Hetoldusnottotouchit.”“Hewon"tfindout，”Marksaid，“I"lljusthaveaquicklookandshutitdown.”Markhadbeenscoldedbeforefortouchinghisfather"sequipment.Buthiscuriositywasdifficulttocontrolandthisnewcomputerreallypuzzledhim.Itwasastrangelookingmachine—onehisdadhadbroughthomefromthelaboratorywhereheworked.“It"sanexperimentalmodel，”hisfatherhadexplained，“sodon"ttouchitunderanycircumstances.”Buthisfather"swarningonlyservedtomakeMarkmorecurious.Withoutanyfurtherthought，Markturnedonthepowerswitch.Thecomputerburstintolifeandsecondslater，thescreenturnedintocolors，shiftingandchangingandthentwobigwhitewordsappearedinthecentreofthescreen：“SPACETRANSPORTER.”“Yes！”Markcriedexcitedly，“It"sacomputergame.Iknewit！Dad"sonlybeenpretendingtowork.He"sreallybeenplayinggamesinstead.”Anewmessageappearedonthescreen：“ENTERNAMESVOYAGER1：...VOYAGER2：...”Mark"sfingersflewacrossthekeyboardashetypedinbothoftheirnames.“INPUTACCEPTED.STARTTRANSPORTPROGRAM.AUTORETRIEVEINITIATED(自动回收程序已启动)．”Thescreenturnedevenbrighterandanoisesuddenlyroseinvolume.“Ithinkwe"dbettershutitoff，Mark，”Jasonyelled，reachingforthepowerswitch.Hewasreallyfrightened. Buthishandneverreachedtheswitch.Asinglebeamofdazzlingwhitelightburstoutofthecomputerscreen，wrappingtheboysinitsglow(光芒)，untiltheythemselvesseemedtobeglowing.Thenitdieddownjustassuddenlyasithadburstintolife.Andtheboyswerenolongerthere.Onthescreen，theletterschanged.“TRANSPORTSUCCESSFUL.DESTINATION(目的地)：MARS.RETRIEVEDATE：2025.”【语篇解读】本文讲的是一个科幻故事，两个小孩通过电脑里的一个程序意外穿越到了另外一个星球——火星。1．WhydidMarktouchthecomputeragainsthisfather"swarning?A．Hewantedtotakeavoyage.B．Hewantedtopracticehisskill.C．Hewassomuchattractedbyit.D．Hewaseagertodoanexperiment.答案　C　[考查细节理解。根据第四段“Markhadbeenscoldedbeforefortouchinghisfather"sequipment.Buthiscuriositywasdifficulttocontrolandthisnewcomputerreallypuzzledhim.”可知，Mark被他父亲的电脑深深地吸引住了。]2．Wheredidtheboys"fathermostlikelywork?A．Inanelectronicfactory.B．Inacomputercompany.C．Inascientificresearchcenter.D．Inaninformationprocessingcenter.答案　C　[考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“becomeascientistlikehisfather”和第五段中的“fromthelaboratorywhereheworked”及下文发生的情况可知，他父亲最有可能在科研中心工作。]3．Markthought“SPACETRANSPORTER”onthescreenwasthenameof________.A．acomputergameB．acompanywebsiteC．asoftwareproducerD．anastronomyprogram答案　A　[考查细节理解。从第六段的“It"sacomputergame.”可知，Mark认为它是一个电脑游戏的名字。]4．WhydidJasonwanttoshutoffthecomputer?A．Hewasafraidofbeingscolded.B．Hedidn"tliketheloudnoiseandlight.C．Hedidn"twanttoplaygamesanymore.D．Hewasafraidsomethingdangerousmighthappen. 答案　D　[考查细节理解。从倒数第三段的“Jasonyelled，reachingforthepowerswitch.Hewasreallyfrightened.”可知，Jason非常害怕会有危险的事情发生。]【2015高考复习】阅读理解Doesstresscausegrayhair？Manypeoplebelievethattensionandstresscancauseyourhairtoloseitscolor.Infact，itisan_old_wives’_talethatbeingupsetallthetimecanresultinprematuregraying.Hereisacloserlookatthissituationandwhysomebelievethatthisoldwives’talecouldbetrue.Asoneages，thehairsontheheadalsoage.Infact，justabouteverythingonthehumanbodybeginstoshowsignsofwearandtearafterawhile.Thejointswearandbecomestiffandskinwearsandbecomeswrinkled.Hairsontheheadgrowandeventuallydie.Theyarereplaced，butintheprocesssomethingelsehappens.Whennewhairsarereplaced，thecolororpigment(色素)isalsoaddedtothem.However，asoneages，thispigmentbecomeslessandlessavailable.Atfirst，hairswillhavealimitedamountofpigmentandtheywillappeartobegrayishincolor.Intime，theywilllosealloftheirpigmentandwillbewhite.Manythingsareknowntocausegraying，andgeneticsisaverypowerfulfactor.Ifoneofyourparentsturnsgrayatanearlyage，thereisagoodchancethatyouwilltoo.Somepeoplebeginthegrayingprocessinhighschool，whileothersmaybeovertheageofforty.Constantworryandtensioncanhavemanyharmfuleffectsonthehumanbody.Itisaknownfactthatstressfultimescancauseonetosufferhairloss.Itwouldmakesensethatifitcancausetheseproblems，perhapsitalsomaycontributetograying.However，thereisnosoundevidencetosupportthis.Ontheotherhand，manymedicalprofessionalsbelievethattheremaybealinkbetweengrayingandaconstantstateofanxietyortension.Doesstresscausegrayhair？Thereisnoscientificevidencetosupportthetheory，butitisbesttoavoidstressfulsituations.【语篇解读】　压力会导致头发变白吗？许多人相信情况是这样的。本文从年龄和基因两方面谈了头发变白的原因，持续的压力和忧虑对于身体是有害的，可导致脱发。但是，究竟压力和头发变白之间是否有联系，目前尚无定论。1．Theunderlinedphraseinthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans________.A．cleverremarks　　　　　B．sillyremarksC．excitingremarks　　D．disappointedremarks解析　词义猜测题。画线短语前面提到“Manypeoplebelievethattensionandstresscancauseyourhairtoloseits color”，即许多人相信紧张和压力导致头发褪色变白。短文接着谈到“Infact，itis...”，这是推测画线词意思的关键。因此anoldwives’tale意为“无稽之谈”。答案　B2．Thesecondparagraphmainlytellsus________.A．everypartofbodyisreplacedwithageB．hairswillgrowweakbutnotdieC．skinbecomeswrinkledwithageD．everypartofbodyageswithage解析　主旨大意题。第二段第一句话是该段的主题句。从中可以看出，人体的每一部分都会随着年龄的增长而衰老。答案　D3．Whatmightplaythemostimportantroleinthegrayingprocess?A．Geneticsandtheamountofsleepingtime.B．Theamountoffoodpeopleeatandlivingenvironment.C．Theamountofpigmentandgenetics.D．Geneticsandtheamountofwaterpeopledrink解析　细节理解题。本文第三段提到“Atfirst，hairswillhavealimitedamountofpigmentandtheywillappeartobegrayishincolor.Intime，theywilllosealloftheirpigmentandwillbewhite.Manythingsareknowntocausegraying，andgeneticsisaverypowerfulfactor.”由此可以看出，色素和基因在头发变白的过程中起着重要的作用。答案　C4．Accordingtothepassage，continuouspressuremayresultin________.A．aperson’sfatness　　B．aperson’sfitnessC．aperson’sweightloss　　D．aperson’shairloss解析　细节理解题。本文倒数第二段提到“Constantworryandtensioncanhavemanyharmfuleffectsonthehumanbody.Itisaknownfactthatstressfultimescancauseonetosufferhairloss”。由此可知，持续的压力会导致脱发。答案　D5．Fromthepassagewecaninferthat________.A．stresscausinggrayhairisstillinquestionB．grayhairhasnothingtodowithtensionC．stressfulsituationscanbeofbenefitD．soundevidencehasbeenfound解析　推理判断题。本文倒数第二段最后提到“However，thereisnosoundevidenceto supportthis.”最后一段也提到“Thereisnoscientificevidencetosupportthetheory...”。由此可知，是否压力会引起头发变白仍无定论。答案　A。