人教版初三英语语法和练习 6页

名词，代词，数词，冠词，介词,it用法,主谓一致一．名词1.可数名词复数形式的构成（略）注意：1）twowomendoctors,threementeachers2）sportsmeet运动会sportswoman女运动员2.不可数名词information,advice,news,paper（纸不可数，报纸论文可数）bread,meat,water,work,cloth,ink等。apieceofnewa,fourbottlesofink,twopiecesofadvice两条意见3.名词的所有格1）China`scapital=thecapitalofChina2）JaneandHelen`sroom(共有)3）Bill`sandTom`sbikes(不共有)4）atmyaunt`s(在我婶婶家)，theteachers`office(老师的办公室)，twodays`time(两天的时间)5）afriendofmyfather`s=oneofmyfather`sfriends(我父亲的一个朋友)afriendofmine=oneofmyfriends（我的一个朋友）somebooksofmyfather`s（我父亲的一些书）6）bodytemperature(体温)eveningsuits(晚礼服)abusstop(公共汽车站)oxygensupply(氧气供给)astorybook(一本故事书)amodelworker(模范工作者)theheadengineer(主任工程师)theheadteacher(班主任)motherdeer(母鹿)studentsreading-room学生阅览室以上注意积累二．代词1）单数you---he/she---IYou,heandIshouldreturnontime.你，我，他都应准时返回。2）避免重复用that或those代替前面提到的事物TheweatherofBeijingisasgoodasthatofQingdao.Themachinesarebetterthanthoseweproducedlastyear..这些机器比我们去年生产的要好。3）that指上文提到的事Wehavenotimetodoit.Thatisourtrouble.我们没有时间去做，这就是我们的问题。（that指Wehavenotimetodoit.）但若指下文要叙述的事情，一般用thisWhatIrequireofyouisthis.Youshouldfinishitintwohours.我所要求你的是这一点，你应该在两小时内完成。三．数词1）hundreds/thousands/millionsof--,dozens/scoresof---fivehundred,threedozen---2)inthe1990`s=inthe1990s在20世纪90年代inthethirties在30年代特别注意：inhisthirties在他30多岁时3序数词可换成another时，序数词前一般用a不用theWouldyoulikeasecondapple?=Wouldlikeanotherapple?再吃一个苹果好吗？四．冠词1）playtheviolin/pianoplaybasketball/volleyball2)用于发明物的单数名词前Whoinventedthewheel?谁发明了轮子？3)用在序数词前Ilikethefifthpicture.注意：Whynottryathirdtime?=Whynottryanothertime?为什么不再试一次？6 4）theYangtze(Rive)长江,thePacific(Ocean)太平洋，theMissippi(River)密西西比河，theEnglishChannel英吉利海峡theAlps阿尔卑斯山脉，theHimalayas喜马拉雅山脉注意：Asia,Africa,Europe,SouthAmerica,NorthAmerica,Oceania,Atarctica七大洲前不用the5）theChinese,theAmericans6)therich/thepoor/thewounded/theold(谓语动词复数)7）bycar/bybus/byplane/byair等注意：inthecar,onthebus等8）gotoschool/gotobed/inbed/gotohospital/inprison/sendsbtoprison等(病人，学生，囚犯等无冠词)注意：Hewenttotheprisontoseehissoninprison.他到监狱去看坐牢的儿子。五．介词1）intheeastofChina(范围内)totheeastofChina(范围外)eastofChina(既无the也无任何介词)六．it的几种句型（1）it作形式主语，形式宾语Itisimportantthatwe（should）learnEnglishwell.（形式主语）Itissaidthatsomethinghasbeendonetoendthepollution.据说已经采取措施来清除污染。=Somethingissaidtohavebeendonetoendthepollution.（形式主语）（2）Ifound/felt/thoughtiteasygetalongwithhim.(形式宾语)Wethink/found/feltitnousekeepingintouchwiththatcompany.(形式宾语)（3）like/hateitwhen---Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌嘴里塞满吃得东西在说话的人。Ilikeitwhenyousing.我喜欢你唱歌。（4）Itislikelythathewillbelate.他可能会迟到。=Heislikelytobelate.(5)强调句型肯定句：Itis/was+强调部分+that/who+其余部分ItoldJimthenewsinourofficeyesterday.ItwasIthat/whotoldJimthenewsinourofficeyesterday.ItwasJimthatItoldthenewsinourofficeyesterday.ItwasthenewsthatItoldJiminourofficeyesterday.ItwasinourofficethatItoldJimthenewsyesterday.(不能用where)ItwasyesterdaythatItoldJimthenewsinouroffice.(不能用when)强调句型一般疑问句：Is/was+it+强调部分+that/who+其余部分Wasityouthat/whotoldJimthenewsinyourofficeyesterday?强调句型特殊疑问句：疑问词+is/was+that/who+其余部分？WhowasitthattoldJimthenewsinyourofficeyesterday?WhenwasitthatyoutoldJimthenewsinyouroffice?WherewasitthatyoutoldJimthenewsyesterday?WhatwasitthatyoutoldJiminyourofficeyesterday?Whowasitthatyoutoldthenewsinyourofficeyesterday?注意：以上强调句型不能强调谓语动词，强调谓语动词时（只能是一般现在时和一般过去时）在动词前加do/does/didIdidtellJimthenewsinourofficeyesterday.我昨天的确在我们办公室把这个消息告诉吉姆了。Docometomorrow.=Besuretocometomorrow.明天一定要来。Hedoesoftencome.他的确经常来。注意it容易混淆的句型（1）Itwasmidnightwhenhecameback.他回来时已经半夜了。（时间状语从句）Itwasatmidnightthathecameback.(强调句型)=Hecamebackatmidnight.6 (2)Itis/hasbeen+时间+since从句Itis/hasbeenfiveyearssinceIcametoChina.=IcametoChinafiveyearsago.=IhavebeeninChinaforfiveyears.Itwas/willbe+时间+before从句，（还要过多久/过了多久就----）Itwillbethreedaysbeforehemakesadecision.还要过三天他才会做出决定。Itwashoursbeforeswemetagain.几个小时以后我们又见面了。（3）Itis(high)time(that)+句子（从句中用过去式）Itistime(that)hewrotealettertohisgirlfriend.=Itistimeforhimtowritealettertohisgirlfriend.(4)It/Thisisthefirsttime(that)IhavevisitedChina.It/Thiswasthefirsttime(that)IhadvisitedChina.七．主谓一致1）onethird(三分之一),twothirds(三分之二)，(分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一时，分母加s。)80percent谓语动词单数还是复数由后面的名词而定。60percentoftheworkhasbeenfinished.百分之60的工作已经完成。Threefifthsofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.我们班五分之三的学生是女生。2）主语后接with,togetherwith,aswellas,but(除---外)，except(除---外)，including,like(像---一样)等，谓语动词由主语而定Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttheretohelpwiththework.一位专家和一些助手被派到那儿帮助工作。3）therebe/herebe---,neither---nor---,either---or---,notonly---butalso---就近原则Thereisalamp,threebooksonthedesk.=Therearethreebooksandalamponthedesk.Notonlyhebut(also)youhavetogothere.=Notonlyyoubut(also)hehastogothere.4)family(家庭),team（队）,class（班级）---谓语动词单数family(全家人)，team（全体队员），class（全班同学）谓语动词复数Whentheraechercamein,theclasswerereadingEnglish.老师进来时，全体同学正在读英语。Ourclassismadeupof51students.我们班又51个学生组成。5）maths,politics,phsics—不可数，谓语动词单数6）trousers,scissors(剪刀)，shorts(短裤)，socks（袜子），clothes,chopsticks谓语动词复数apairoftrousers/scissors/shorts/socks,asuitofclothes(一套衣服)谓语动词单数Mytrousersaretoolong.Thispairoftrousersisdirty.7）theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations(谓语动词单数)TheUnitedStatesisabigcountry.8)all所有的一切谓语动词单数all所有的人/学生谓语动词复数Allarehere.所有的人都到齐了。AllIwantisthis.我想要的就是这个。9）people，police，cattle，goods等词作主语谓语动词复数Cattlefeedongrass.Thepolicearelookingforthethief.Allthegoodshavearrived.10）therich/thepoor/thewounded/theold(谓语动词复数)TheoldarerespectedinChina.11)Thesingeranddanceristalkingthere.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家正在那边谈话。（一人）Thesingerandthedanceraretalkingthere.那位歌唱家和那位舞蹈家正在那边谈话。（两人）名词，代词，数词，冠词，介词,it用法，主谓一致练习一．基本题1.—Hewasnearlydrownedonce.　　—Whenwas_____?　　—_____was1998whenhewasinmiddleschool.A.that;ItB.this;ThisC.this;ItD.that;This6 2.—Yourcoffeesmellsgreat!　　—It’sfromMexico.Wouldyoulike________?　A.anyB.littleC.thisD.some3.—Whichofthetwodictionariesdoyouwant?　　—Iwant_____.Pleaseshowme_____.　A.none;anotherB.all;theotherC.neither;theotherD.neither;another4.TheinformationontheInternetgetsaroundmuchmorerapidlythan____inthenewspaper.　A.itB.thoseC.thatD.one5.Forquite_____students，theirteacher"sadviceismoreimportantthan_____oftheirparents".　A.few,oneB.afew,thatC.alittle,someD.alot,many6.Becausethefirstpairofshoesdidnotfitproperly,Iaskedfor_____.A.anothershoesB.anotheroneC.theothersonesD.anotherpair7.—Whatkindofpersondoyouwanttohelpyou?　　—______alwaystryinghisbestandnevergivingupintimeofdifficulty.A.ThatB.TheoneC.OneD.Such8.Hesaidthattwo________wouldcometoourschoolthenextday.A.womanscientistB.womenscientistC.womanscientistsD.womenscientists9.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor________abouthis________trouble.A.advice;heartB.advices;heartsC.advices;heartD.advice;hearts10.Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.It"s_______walk.A.afourhourB.afourhour"sC.afour-hoursD.afourhours"11.________doesn`tmatterwhetherIattendthemeetingornot.A.ThisB.ThatC.ItD.What12.Was______attheschool______wasnamedafterahero_________hespenthischildhood?A.it,which,thatB.that,that,thatC.it,that,whichD.that,it,that13.Itwasnot________shetookoffherdarkglasses_______Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when,thatB.until,thatC.until,whenD.when,then14.Ihate____whenyoutalktoomuch.A.itB.thatC.youD.them15.Whatapitymynewcomputerdoesn`twork!________mustbesomethingwrongwithit.A.ItB.ThereC.ThisD.That16.____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifths;areC.Twofifth;areD.Twofifths;is17.MissSmiththought____agreathonourtobeinvitedtospeaktoallofus.A.thatB.thisC.itD.Her18.Whenwestudyaglobe,wecansee____isthe largestoceanand____thelargestcontinent.A.thePacific;AsiaB.Pacific;theAsiaC.thePacific;theAsiaD.Pacific;Asia19.MyfamilyaswellasI___gladtoseeyou.A.wasB.isC.areD.am20.Youcanhave____secondtryifyoufail____firsttime.A.the;/B./;aC.the;aD.a;the1---5ADDCB6---10DBDAD11---15CABAB16---20DCACD一．高考题1．(全国卷一33)Itisgenerallyacceptedthat____boymustlearntostandupandfightlike_____man.6 A．a,aB.a,theC．the,theD．a,不填2.(2011全国二11)Igotthisbicyclefor_______:Myfriendgaveittomewhensheboughtanewone.A.everythingB.somethingC.anythingD.nothing3.(2011全国二16)Ashereached________frontdoor,Jacksaw_______strangesight.A.the,不填B.a,theC.不填，啊D.the,a4.（2011福建卷21）.Wehavevarioussummercampsforyourholidays,youcanchoose____basedonyourowninterests.A.eitherB.eachC.oneD.it5.（2011四川卷3）.Thereis_____inhiswords.Weshouldhaveatry.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything6.（2011辽宁卷27.）-Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?-______,thankyou.I"vejusthadsomewater.A.EitherB.BothC.AnyD.Neither7.（2011上海卷26） Tostayawake,hefinishedacupofcoffeeandordered______.A.theother               B.other                    C.theothers               D.another8.（2011山东卷21）Takeyourtime-it’sjust_____shortdistancefromhereto_____restaurant.A.不填；theB.a;theC.the;aD.不填；a9.（2011山东卷24）Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfind______difficulttotellondfromtheother.A.itB.themC.herD.that10.（2011山东卷30）I’msorryIdidn’tphoneyou,butI’vebeenverybusy_____thepastcoupleofweeks.A.beyondB.withC.amongD.over11.（2011四川卷8）Nick,it’sgoodforyoutoreadsomebooks__________Chinabeforeyoustartyourtripthere.A.inB.forC.ofD.on12.（2011四川卷13）Alwaysrememberputsuchdangerousthingsaslivesoutchildren’sA.touchB.sightC.reachD.distance13.（2011四川卷18）Dr.PeterSpence,_________headmasteroftheschool,toldus,“_______fifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.”A.不填；AB.不填；TheC.the;TheD.a;A14.（2011安徽卷22）Surprisingly,Susan’sbeautifulhairreachedbelowherkneesandmade______almostanovercoatforher.A.themB.herC.itselfD.herself15.（2011浙江卷2）Expertsthinkthat______recentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybe______Picasso.A.the;不填B.a;theC.a;不填D.the;a16.（2011浙江卷5）IalwayswantedtodothejobwhichI’dbeentrained______.A.onB.forC.byD.of17.（2011浙江卷18）Anyway,Ican’tcheathim---it’sagainstallmy______.A.emotionsB.principlesC.regulationsD.opinions18.(2011山东卷34)There’sa_____inourofficethatwhenit’ssomebody’sbirthday,theybringinacakeforusalltoshare.A.traditionB.balanceC.concernD.relationship19.（2011湖南卷24）Iknewthat_______wouldeverdiscouragehim;hewouldnevergiveupwantingtobeadirector.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing20.—Whydoyousuggestwebuyanewmachine?—Becausetheoldonehasbeendamaged______.（2008江苏卷）A.beyondreachB.beyondrepairC.beyondcontrolD.beyonddescription21.(2004全国卷)Ilike_____intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one22.（2011安徽卷27）Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich______savedforotherpurposes.A.isB.areC.wasD.were23.（2011湖南卷26）One-thirdofthecountry______coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens________blackpeople.A.is，areBis，isCare，areDare，is6 24.（2011陕西卷13）Asisknowntoall,________People`sRepublicofChinais_______biggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.A.the,不填B.不填，theC.the,theD.不填，不填25.----Wouldyougetmeabarofchocolatefromthekitchen,dear?-----_________one?A.OtherB.EveryC.AnotherD.More26.（2011江西卷31）What’sthe_____,inyouropinion,ofhelpinghimifhedoesn’tmakeanefforttohelphimself?A.sympathyB.themeC.objectD.point27.（2011·福建卷）Thelackofeco-friendlyhabitsamongthepublicisthoughttobeamajorofglobalclimatechange.A.resultB.causeC.warningD.reflection28.(2010湖北卷22).Aftertheearthquake,thefirstthingthelocalgovernmentdidwastoprovideforthehomelessfamilies.A.occupationB.furnitureC.equipmentD.accommodation29.(2010江苏卷).Thedoctorisskilledattreatinghearttroubleandneveracceptsanygiftfromhispatients,sohehasaverygood_____.A.expectationB.reputationC.contributionD.civilization30.(2010浙江卷).Theschooladvisershelpyoutalkthroughyourproblemsbuttheydon"tgiveyouanydirect.A.solutionB.targetC.measureD.function1---5ADDCA5---10DDBAD11---15DCACD16---20BBADB21---25CDACC26---30DBDBA6